bell work have scientists ever brought extraterrestrial material to earth? scientists have studied...
TRANSCRIPT
Bell work
Have scientists ever brought extraterrestrial material to Earth? Scientists have studied rocks from Mars and other parts of the solar system. How have scientists obtained these rocks?
Record your answer in your science journal.
Comets, Meteors, and Asteroids
Today’s Objectives
Explain why comets, asteroids, and meteoroids are important to the study of the formation of the solar system.
Describe the similarities of and differences between asteroids and meteoroids.
Explain how cosmic impacts may affect life on Earth.
Comets
Small body of ice, rock and dust loosely packed together that orbits the sun
A comet is a “dirty snowball” about the size of an earth mountain. (dirt and ice)
Comets’ orbits are usually very long, narrow ellipses. They produce tails of gas and dust when they
approach the sun. Look like “shooting stars” but can move much
slower.
Comet Parts Tails
Ion-electrically charged ions, always points away from the sun
Dust- follows the orbit of the cometGas-follows the orbit of the comet alsoCan extend millions of km
Comet Parts Nucleus
Averages 3 miles in diameter, by can be between ½ and 100 km
Solid, rocky, icy centerShows different features as it nears the
sunComa forms a large halo around the
nucleus of a comet as it nears the sunThe Coma’s halo is made of dust and gas
Structure of a Comet
To Sun
Ion Tail
Dust Tail
Coma
Orbit
Highly elongated Very elliptical
Oort Cloud
Oort cloud- Oort cloud- sphere that sphere that surrounds the surrounds the solar system 1 solar system 1 light year away light year away from the sun from the sun made of dust and made of dust and gasgas
The Oort Cloud
Kuiper Belt- outside orbit of Neptune- made of dust and rocks- Kuiper Belt- outside orbit of Neptune- made of dust and rocks- where most dwarf planets are found.where most dwarf planets are found.
Comet names
Comets are often named after the person who discovers them!
Maybe the next one could be named after you!
Comet Halley
Comet Halley 1910
•Pope Callixtus III excommunicated Halley's Comet in 1456
•In 1910, charlatans sold "comet pills"
Orbit
Halley’s Comet (1986)
Halley’s Comet…. Orbits every 76 years
Hyakutake
Comet: Hale-Bopp
Winter and early spring of
1997
Next sighting: 4380
www.brainpop.com/science/space/comets/
Hale-Bopp
Comet West
Today’s Objectives
Explain why comets, asteroids, and meteoroids are important to the study of the formation of the solar system.
Describe the similarities of and differences between asteroids and meteoroids.
Explain how cosmic impacts may affect life on Earth.
Meteoroid- small rocky body often made of rock,
metal, or dust. Meteorite- meteoroid that hits the Earth
Meteoroids survive as they pass through the atmosphere and hit Earth’s surface
Meteor- meteoroid that burns up in the Earth’s atmosphere Shooting stars are not actually stars. These flashes of light across
the sky are small bits of rock burning up in the Earth’s Atmosphere. They often move very fast across the sky.
They are called “fireballs” when it creates a long streak of light as it gets close to the ground.
Meteoroids, Meteorites, and Meteors
3 types Stony Metallic Stony-iron
The Cause of Meteor Showers
P55/Tempel-Tuttle
The 1833 storm
The 1966 storm
1997 Leonids from Orbit
Two Showers for Halley
Sporadic Meteors
Irons Stony-Irons
Chondrites Carbonaceous Chondrite
Achondrite
Barringer’s Crater
An iron meteorite 100 feet across and 70,000 tons slamed into the Earth at about 43,000mph in the Arizona desert near Flagstaff 40,000 years ago. Barringer Crater is 4,100 feet wide and 571 feet
deep.
Other Impact Craters
METEOROID: A piece of stone or metal that travels in outer space.
METEOR: An object from space that becomes glowing hot when it passes into Earth's atmosphere.
METEORITE: A piece of stone or metal from space that falls to Earth's surface.
SUMMARY
Today’s Objectives
Explain why comets, asteroids, and meteoroids are important to the study of the formation of the solar system.
Describe the similarities of and differences between asteroids and meteoroids.
Explain how cosmic impacts may affect life on Earth.
Asteroids
Small rocky bodies in orbit around the sun. (larger than meteoroids)
Have the same compositional matter as the Terrestrial planets
Located between Mars and Jupiter in the Asteroid Belt.
Ceres was the largest asteroid ever discovered Now it is classified as a Dwarf Planet!
Asteroids
Apollo
Trojans
Ida - Dactyl
Gaspra
Today’s Objectives
Explain why comets, asteroids, and meteoroids are important to the study of the formation of the solar system.
Describe the similarities of and differences between asteroids and meteoroids.
Explain how cosmic impacts may affect life on Earth.