bell work: finish defining the vocabulary from yesterday. 1. acquittal 2. cross- examine 3. litigant...
TRANSCRIPT
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Bell Work: Finish defining the Bell Work: Finish defining the vocabulary from yesterday. vocabulary from yesterday.
1. acquittal2. cross-
examine3. litigant4. Testify5. Appeal6. Defendant7. Subpoena8. venue
9. prosecute10. testimony11. contempt12. evidence13. solicitor14. verdict15. convict16. jury
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Background information Background information
1930’s1930’s
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1930: First 1930: First computer computer inventedinvented
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1930: Famous 1930: Famous BirthsBirthsNeil Armstrong
Sean Connery
Clint Eastwood
Sandra Day O’Connor
Ross Perot
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1930: Story of 1930: Story of the Yearthe Year
The Great Depression: 21 million people unemployed. As a result, suicide rates soared and the US expelled 400,000 foreign citizens.
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1931: Some 1931: Some inventionsinventions
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1931: Famous 1931: Famous BirthsBirthsDan RatherBarbara Walters
James Dean
Toni Morrison
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1931: Story of the 1931: Story of the YearYear
Scottsboro Boys Trial: Two white girls accused nine black boys of raping them on a train. Despite the lack of evidence, the boys were convicted.
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1932: Inventions1932: Inventions
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1932: Famous 1932: Famous BirthsBirthsSylvia Plath
Elizabeth Taylor
John Updike
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1932: Story of the 1932: Story of the YearYear
Herbert Hoover sends troops to remove jobless war veterans. The vets wanted money that was promised to them but they did not receive it. As a results, Hoover was not re-elected into office. Franklin Delano Roosevelt won the election.
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1933: Inventions1933: Inventions
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1933: Famous 1933: Famous BirthsBirthsJames Brown
Willie Nelson
Roman Polanski
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1933: Story of the 1933: Story of the YearYear
The first 100 days of his Presidency, Roosevelt put forth laws and formed organizations to allow for Labor reform. This eventually helped the US end the Great Depression.
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1929-19391929-1939Stock market crash
Didn’t realize the effect it would have
No money to replenish what was borrowed
Many found being broke humiliating.
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The Roaring 20’sThe Roaring 20’sThe new concept
of “credit” People were
buying:◦Automobiles◦Appliances◦Clothes
Fun times reigned◦Dancing◦Flappers◦Drinking
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Why was this bad?Why was this bad?
Credit system◦People didn’t really have the money they were spending
WWI◦The U.S. was a major credit loaner to other nations in need
◦Many of these nations could not pay us back
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The Stock MarketThe Stock MarketPeople bought stocks on margins◦If a stock is $100 you can pay $10 now and the rest later when the stock rose
Stocks fall◦Now the person has less than $100 and no money to pay back
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And And then….then….
With people panicking about their money investors tried to sell their stocks◦This leads to a huge decline in stocks
◦Stocks were worthless now
People who bought on “margins” now could not pay
Investors were average people that were now broke
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Herbert Hoover was president at the start
Philosophy: We’ll make it!
What He Did: Nothing
The poor were looking for help and no ideas on how to correct or help were coming
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Farmers were already feeling the effects◦Prices of crops went down◦Many farms foreclosed
People could not afford luxuries◦Factories shut down◦Businesses went out
Banks could not pay out moneyPeople could not pay their taxes
◦Schools shut down due to lack of fundsMany families became homeless and
had to live in shanties
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Many waited in unemployment Many waited in unemployment lines hoping for a job.lines hoping for a job.
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People in cities would wait in People in cities would wait in line for bread to bring to their line for bread to bring to their family.family.
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Some families were forced to Some families were forced to relocate because they had no relocate because they had no money.money.
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““HoovervilHooverville”le”
Some families were forced to live in shanty towns◦A grouping of shacks and tents in vacant lots
They were referred to as “Hooverville” because of President Hoover’s lack of help during the depression.
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A drought in the South lead to A drought in the South lead to dust storms that destroyed crops.dust storms that destroyed crops.
“The Dust Bowl”
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The South Was The South Was BuriedBuriedCrops turned to dust=No food to be sent out
Homes buriedFields blown awaySouth in state of emergency
Dust Bowl the #1 weather crisis of the 20th century
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Two Families During the Two Families During the DepressionDepression
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A Farm ForeclosureA Farm Foreclosure
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Some families tried to make Some families tried to make money by selling useful crafts money by selling useful crafts like baskets.like baskets.
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*FDR**FDR*When he was
inaugurated unemployment had increased by 7 million.
Poor sections (like Harlem) had 50% of the pop. unemployed
Instated the “New Deal”
Yea! Frankie!
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People everywhere were effected by the depression
It wasn’t till President Roosevelt took over and tried to put the economy back together that people even saw a glimmer of hope
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Major Historical Major Historical Happenings...Happenings...
Jim Crow LawsScottsboro Trials
Recovering from the Great Depression
Racial Injustice
Poor South
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Jim Crow LawsJim Crow LawsAfter the American Civil War most states in
the South passed anti-African American legislation. These became known as Jim Crow laws.
These laws included segregation in…◦Schools -- Hospitals
◦Theaters -- Water fountains
◦Restaurants
◦Hotels
◦Public transportation
◦Some states forbid inter-racial marriages
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These laws were instituted in 1896 and were not abolished till the late 1950’s (even then still not completely).
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9 young African-American men (12-20) accused of raping 2 white girls in 1931
Immediately sentenced to death
Trials went on for nearly 15 years before all the men were dismissed
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Started on a train bound for Memphis
Several white men boarded and picked a fight with the black men
Whites were forced off train by the 12 black men. The white men reported the the black men had raped two white girls on the train to authorities
They were immediately arrested and tried in front of an all-white jury.
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The trials caused a huge uproar The trials caused a huge uproar amongst the black community.amongst the black community.
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AKA: Nelle Harper Lee
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Wrote To Kill a Mockingbird in 1960
TKAM was the only novel she ever wrote
Based the story on her life growing up in Monroeville, Alabama
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How to Take How to Take Notes In your Notes In your
Novel- Novel- highlightinghighlighting
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KEYS: Don’t highlight whole paragraphs-
only small sections/words
Write notes in the margin to remind you why you highlighted it
Use the inside covers for longer notes
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CharactersCharacters
DescriptionsDescriptionsExamples of Indirect and Examples of Indirect and Direct CharacterizationDirect Characterization
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Essential Essential Questions/Themes/Golden Questions/Themes/Golden LinesLines
Highlight quotes that stand Highlight quotes that stand out to you!out to you!
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Stylistic FeaturesStylistic Features
Figurative LanguageFigurative LanguageImageryImagerySymbolismSymbolism
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Vocabulary TermsVocabulary Terms
Highlight the sentence Highlight the sentence andandContext CluesContext Clues
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Chapter SummariesChapter Summaries
After you read each chapter, After you read each chapter, write the gist on the page write the gist on the page where it began- above the where it began- above the chapter #chapter #
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Gender Bias (Prejudice)Gender Bias (Prejudice)
Women were considered “weak”Women were generally not educated for
occupations outside the homeIn wealthy families, women were expected
to oversee the servants and entertain guests
Men not considered capable of nurturing children
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Legal Issues of the 1930’s which Legal Issues of the 1930’s which impact the storyimpact the story
Women given the vote in 1920
Juries were MALE and WHITE
“Fair trial” did not include acceptance of a black man’s word against a white man’s
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Prejudice in the novelPrejudice in the novel
RaceGender
HandicapsRich/Poor
AgeReligion
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Reading the NovelReading the Novel
Setting is all important –be aware of the “where” and “when” as you begin
Point of View – the novel is shaped by the voice of a young girl who sees the story from a position of naïve acceptance
“Goodness vs. Ignorance (Evil)” is an important theme
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Characterization and Characterization and SymbolismSymbolism
More LITERARY ELEMENTS to help you analyze texts that we encounter!
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CharacterCharacter
The people or animals or things that are presented in a literary work.
Characters can be human, the can be beast, they can be a machine… as long as they have a role (big or small) within the story, it/he/she can be classified as a character!◦Identify some characters that we have met, or
are starting to meet, so far??
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Types of CharactersTypes of Characters
What do you know about the following…?◦Protagonist◦Antagonist◦Round◦Flat◦Static ◦Dynamic
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Characters: The Good and The BadCharacters: The Good and The Bad
Protagonist: Typically the main character in a literary work. It is the person who has natural goodness. Think of Cinderella or Snow White.
Antagonist: Can be the main character, however this person is most notable for being the one that opposes the protagonist. Typically the “evil” person. Think of the Wicked Stepmother or Maleficent.
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Character CaveatCharacter Caveat
Being the protagonist does NOT always mean that you are the “good guy” or the “main character.” Do not make the assumption that the hero of the story is always the protagonist.
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Character TypesCharacter Types
Round characters are convincing, true to life. They have many different and sometimes even contradictory personality traits.
Flat characters are stereotyped, shallow, and often symbolic. They have only one or two personality traits.
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Character TypesCharacter Types
Dynamic characters undergo some type of change or development in the story, often because of something that happens to them.
Static characters do not change in the course of the story.
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Character Caveat!Character Caveat!
Characters can be MORE than one type of classification, so do not pigeon-hole a character until you are fully sure that you can support your thoughts with support.
You can say that Antonio is round and dynamic: he was fully developed and believable to the reader, but also changed due to several murders that he witnessed.
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CharacterizationCharacterization
Characterization is the progression of character from beginning to end of a text. It’s how they are developed and made to be the type of character they are!
You develop character with dialogue, actions, narration, or indirectly with setting and events (like Antonio!)
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ConflictConflict
Conflict is the dramatic struggle between two forces in a story.
Without a conflict there is no plot. There usually is more than one conflict in a poem/story/novel.
There needs to be motivation on the part of the characters in the story to push this fight to the forefront of the novel.
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Internal ConflictInternal Conflict
Internal conflict (aka: intrapersonal) is when a single character is struggling to deal with a belief that is being challenged.◦You see this a lot in the movies, the hero has to
have some sort of epiphany to really become a hero.
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ExampleExample
Think of Spiderman 2…When Peter Parker starts to wonder if New
York City would be better off without a web-slinging hero, this causes him to
“lose his powers.” By the end of the film, Peter realizes that people believe in hope because of all the good he does… and as such, finally believes that he has a place and a reason to be that cause for hope.
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External ConflictExternal Conflict
External conflict is also known as interpersonal conflict.
Occurs in several situations:◦Character vs. character◦Character vs. nature◦Character vs. society
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Character versus characterCharacter versus character
Character vs character: the age-old tale of good versus evil
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Character versus natureCharacter versus nature
Character vs. nature occurs when a character is put in a struggle against a force of nature
EX: Think of any natural disaster or when Mother Nature (climate, wilderness, space). It’s when we cannot control the opponent (nature) and are forced to deal with a tornado, a hurricane, a typhoon, etc.
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Character versus societyCharacter versus society
Character vs. society occurs when a single person has to fight an entire society for their belief.
EX: Think of the X-Men. Though they are heroes, people still fear what they don’t understand (the mutant abilities). This is linked to racist undertones.
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Symbolism (review)Symbolism (review)
A symbol represents an idea, quality, or concept larger than itself.
A journey can symbolize life.
Water can represent cleanliness and renewal.
A lion can represent courage.
A red rose can symbolize love.
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Color representationColor representation
While this is not overly important right now, colors also act as a symbolic representation.◦Black = secrets, hidden◦White = pure, clear of deceit◦Red = passion, anger◦Purple = royalty◦Green = creativity, jealousy
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Symbols in Symbols in TKAM Ticket out the TKAM Ticket out the Door- Share a half sheet and turn Door- Share a half sheet and turn
in!in!
Mockingbirds: yes, the title has a very literal connection to the plot in terms of symbolism! ◦What is a mockingbird? ◦What might it symbolize?
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Study for Word Roots Cumulative Study for Word Roots Cumulative Quiz 1-5. You have 5 minutes.Quiz 1-5. You have 5 minutes.
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Word Roots 6Word Roots 6