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Bell Ringer#1. Define the following: Urban Society- Secular- *Use your textbook’s glossary!. Chapter 12 Section 1. The Renaissance. The Renaissance. Renaissance = rebirth 1350-1550 Rebirth in ancient Greek and Roman beliefs Began in Italy and spread to the rest of Europe - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Bell Ringer #1
Define the following:
a. Urban Society-
b. Secular-
*Use your textbook’s glossary!
Chapter 12 Section 1
The Renaissance
The Renaissance• Renaissance = rebirth• 1350-1550• Rebirth in ancient Greek and Roman beliefs• Began in Italy and spread to the rest of Europe• Renaissance Italy was an urban society– A system in which cities are the center of political, economic, and
social life
Renaissance Characteristics1. Secular Viewpoint• Worldly• People enjoyed material
things• The power of the Church
declined• Stronger focus on the
individual
Secular or Not?
Not
Secular or Not?
Secular
Secular or Not?
Not
Secular or Not?
Secular
Secular or Not?
Not
Secular or Not? (Michael Jackson’s Funeral)
?
Renaissance Characteristics2. Humanism• Intellectual movement
based on the study of the humanities
• Grammar, rhetoric, poetry, moral philosophy, and history
Renaissance Characteristics
3. Individualism• Philosophical idea
encouraging the potential of man and the development of their own beliefs
• The emphasis on individual ability
The Italian City States• Milan– Very wealthy– Used a tax system to supply the
government money• Venice– Link between Asia and western
Europe– Large trade empire
• Florence– Governed by the wealthy and
powerful– Faced with economic decline
Renaissance Thinkers• Individualist ideas influenced
Leonardo da Vinci– Painter– Sculptor– Architect– Inventor– Mathematician
• High regard for human worth and a realization of what individuals could achieve created a new social ideal
Renaissance Thinkers• Humanist ideas influenced
Niccolo Machiavelli– Author of The Prince, a book on
how to gain and keep political power
• Previous writers on political power stressed the ethical side of leaders
• The Prince encouraged leaders to abandon morality and promoted self-interest
The Prince
Would you rather be feared or loved?
The Prince
Do you think most people are selfish,
corrupt, and fickle?
The Prince
Do you think it is OK to trick your
enemies?
The Prince
Do you think it is OK to trick your
friends?
The Prince
Would you rather a politician be morally
right or politically effective?
Renaissance Society• 3 classes (estates)
1- Nobles (2-3% of population)• Athletic • Educated• Political• Advisors to the king
2- Peasants/Townspeople (85-90%)
• Poor • Workers
3- Clergy (7-12%)• Church leaders
Renaissance Society• Family– Father or husband was the
center of family and finances – Mother or wife was the keeper
of household• Marriage – Families arranged marriages to
strengthen family and business relations
– Daughters had a dowry (sum of money) that was given to the future husband’s family
Bell Ringer #2
• Define the following:
a. Humanism-
*Use your textbook’s glossary!
Chapter 12 Section 2
The Intellectual and Artistic Renaissance
Renaissance Humanism• Humanism- Intellectual
movement based on literary works of Greece & Rome– Philosophy, Poetry, History,
Grammar• Petrarch(PEH-trahrk)- Humanist– 1300s- Intellectual life of solitude
• No family, no life in communityVs.
– 1400s- Intellectual duty to live a civic life• Served the City State
Renaissance Literature• Vernacular- language spoken in
everyday life (English, Spanish, Slang) – Dante(DAHN-tay)
• Italian• Divine Comedy• Story of the soul’s journey to salvation
– Chaucer• English• The Canterbury Tales (Canterbury,
England)• Stories of 29 people’s pilgrimage
– Christine de Pizan• Frenchwoman• The Book of the City of Ladies• Women can learn like men
Renaissance Education• Education is life changing• “Liberal Studies” (humanist)– History, Philosophy, Grammar,
Poetry, Music• Physical Education– Strong in mind and body
• Goal was to create complete citizens – Mostly males– Women were not taught math or
rhetoric (study of language)
What is your perspective?
Old woman or young woman?
Is it moving?
Elderly Couple or Musicians?
A rabbit or duck?
Can you read this?• Aoccdrnig to rscheearch at Cmabrigde
Uinervtisy, it deosn't mttaer in waht oredr the ltteers in a wrod are, the olny iprmoatnt tihng is taht the frist and lsat ltteer be at the rghit pclae. The rset can be a toatl mses and you can sitll raed it wouthit a porbelm. Tihs is bcuseae the huamn mnid deos not raed ervey lteter by istlef, but the wrod as a wlohe.
Seal or Polar Bear?
Is it moving?
Where does it begin and end?
Sax player or woman?
Which center dot is bigger?
Is it moving?
Man or Liar?
Renaissance Art• Artists sought to imitate nature
(reality)• Humans were the center of
attention• Artists used geometry, space,
light, anatomy, perspective (point of view)
The Virgin and Child
By Masaccio
Renaissance Art
• Fresco- painting on wet plaster with water based paint– Causes a 3D effect– Raphael
The TrinityBy Masaccio
Renaissance Art
DavidBy Donatello
Mary MagdaleneBy Donatello
Brunelleschi Dome
Renaissance Art
Renaissance Art
• High Renaissance-– 1490-1520– Last stage of Renaissance
painting
Marriage of the VirginBy Raphael
Renaissance Art• Leonardo da Vinci-
realistic paintings– Show perfection of
nature/person
Female By da Vinci
Renaissance Art• Raphael- beauty that surpassed reality– Madonnas (paintings of Virgin Mary)
School of AthensBy Raphael
Madonna and ChildBy Raphael
Madonna of the MeadowsBy Raphael
Madonna and Child Enthroned with SaintsBy Raphael
Renaissance Art• Michelangelo- sculptor, painter,
architect– Reflection of divine (Godly) beauty
David By Michelangelo
Sistine ChapelBy Michelangelo
Sistine ChapelBy Michelangelo
Sistine ChapelBy Michelangelo
Northern Renaissance• Belgium, Netherlands,
Luxembourg• Illustrated books• Painted on wooden panels • Extremely detailed• Oil based paint• Realism through watching
reality
The Arnolfini PortraitBy Jan van Eyck
Bell Ringer #3
• Identify the following:
a. Martin Luther-
b. Lutheranism-
*Use Chapter 12, Section 3 in your textbook!
Chapter 12 Section 3
The Protestant Reformation
The Protestant Reformation• The Protestant
Reformation was a religious reform movement– Called for change and
separation from the Catholic Church
– Divided Church into Catholic and Protestant
Christian Humanism• Italian humanism spread
north– Christian Humanism- humans
can reason and improve themselves• Use humanism to reform the
Catholic Church• Use the Humanism goals
(education) to bring yourself closer to salvation/God.
• Study literary works of Christianity
Christian Humanism• Desiderius Erasmus (ih
RAZ muhs)
– “the philosophy of Christ”
– Wrote The Praise of Folly• Encouraged people to live
good lives on a daily basis• Promoted education
– Criticized abuses of the Church• Special treatment to
wealthy• Corrupt Monks
Criticisms of Catholicism• Popes between1450-1520– Corrupt – Not meeting spiritual needs– Used office to advance
careers/wealth• Didn’t help with salvation
(getting to heaven)– Indulgence- release from all
or part of punishment for sin– Sold to Catholics wanting to
spend less time in purgatory– Relics (trinkets/certificates)
Martin Luther• Martin Luther was a monk &
professor in Wittenberg, Germany
• Rejected faith and good works for salvation– Salvation by faith alone
• Protestant Reformation’s chief teaching
• Bible was only source of religious truth– Not Papal (Pope) declarations
Martin Luther• In 1517, Luther sent 95
Theses (criticisms) to church superiors– Attacked sale of
indulgences– 1,000s of copies were
made and spread across Germany (printing press)
• 1520- called for overthrow of Catholic Church
Martin Luther• Wanted to keep only
2 sacraments (Catholic traditions)
– Baptism and Communion
• Wanted clergy (priests/pastors) to marry
• Excommunicated
(removed from Catholic Church) in 1521
The Edict of Worms• Decree issued on 25 May 1521 by
Emperor Charles V of the Holy Roman Empire.– Made it illegal to support Martin Luther in any way.• Declaring, "For this reason we forbid anyone from this time
forward to dare, either by words or by deeds, to receive, defend, sustain, or favor the said Martin Luther…”
The Edict of Worms• Edict of Worms made Luther an
outlaw• Lutheranism Movement became a
revolution• New services– Bible readings, preaching, songs
German Revolution• Holy Roman Empire– Spain, Austria, Bohemia, Hungary,
Low Countries, Milan, Naples• Charles V- emperor of Holy
Roman Empire– Wanted HRE to be Catholic– Germany rebelled
• Led by Lutherans
– Peace of Augsburg, 1555• Resulted in German regions (not
individuals) being able to choose between Catholicism and Lutheranism
Bell Ringer #4
• Describe the criticisms the Catholic Church faced during the Protestant Reformation.
Chapter 12 Section 4
The Spread of Protestantism and the Catholic Response
Zwinglian Reformation• Peace of Augsburg
divided the Church– Protestant and Catholic
• Protestantism started to divide into different denominations
Zwinglian Reformation• Ulrich Zwingli– Priest in Switzerland– Founder of new Protestant
group– Joined forces with Luther
and Germany– Relics and paintings
forbidden – Scripture readings, prayer,
sermons– In 1531, Zwingli was killed
in a religious war
Calvinism• John Calvin – Protestantism in
Switzerland• Predestination- God
determined in advance who is going to Heaven and Hell
• Mid 16th c- Calvinism replaces Lutheranism as most practiced form of Protestantism
The Reformation in England• King Henry VIII – Had 6 wives– Pope would not annul
(declare invalid) marriages• 1534- Act of Supremacy– Made the King head of
new Church of England– No longer had to get
permission from Pope to obtain a divorce
The Reformation in England• Anglican Church (Church of England)– Henry VIII
• Mostly Catholic ideologies• Adopted some Protestant ideologies
– Edward VI (Henry VIII’s son)• Protestant ideologies• Died young
– Mary Tudor (Henry VIII’s oldest daughter)
• Catholic ideologies• Burned 300 protestants for heresy
– Elizabeth I (Henry VIII’s youngest daughter)
• Protestant ideologies• Allowed more religious freedom
Protestant Anabaptists• Anabaptists rejected state
(government) in church affairs• Only baptized adults• Considered all members
priests• Persecuted by both Catholics
and Protestants• Ex: Amish
Protestantism and Women• Rejected celibacy (no intercourse)
• Women were to bear children• Women were still subordinate
to men
The Catholic Reformation• 3 Factors influenced the Catholic
Reformation1. Jesuits– Took a vow of absolute obedience to
the Pope– Restored Catholicism to Eastern
Europe and spread to the Americas– Ignatius of Loyola- founder
2. Pope Paul III appointed a Reform Commission in 1537 Ignatius of Loyola
The Catholic Reformation 3. 1545- Council of Trent– Kept faith and good works
for salvation– Kept 7 sacraments– Kept purgatory – Outlawed selling
indulgences– Catholic Church was
unified under the Pope
Bell Ringer #5
• Locate the following:
a. Portugal is located on the ____ continent, immediately west of ____.
*Use Chapter 13, Section 1!
Chapter 13 Section 1
Exploration and Expansion
Motives and Means• Portugal and Spain– First European empires to
explore new sea routes• Dutch Republic (the
Netherlands), France, and England– Second group of European
empires to explore new worlds
Motives and Means• Europe was stationary for
1,000 years• Fantasized about the
“exotic East” (Asia- spices/silks)
• 1300s- Ottoman Turks restricted Europe’s travels west– Controlled the only land
route– Europeans were forced to
find a new route
Motives and Means• God- Convert Natives– Catholicism or Protestantism
• Gold- Economic Gains– Expand trade to Asia– Spices, silks, precious metals
• Glory- Fame– Adventure– Secular (worldly) desires
The Portugal Trading Empire• 1420- Prince Henry the
Navigator– Fleets sailed South down
the coast of West Africa– Gold Coast
• 1488- Bartholomeu Dias – Sailed around the tip of
Africa– Cape of Good Hope
The Portuguese Trading Empire• By the early 1500s, the
Portuguese made it to the Southeast Asian Island
• China would not let Portugal colonize Asia– Treaty that allowed
Portugal to export spices
Voyages to the Americas • Christopher
Columbus- Believed he could reach Asia by sailing West (Portugal sailed East, around Africa)– 1492- landed in the
“Indies”• Cuba/Caribbean
Voyages to the Americas• 1494- Treaty of Tordesillas (TAWR-duh-SEE-yuhs)
– Spain and Portugal divided world with imaginary line– Portugal-East (controlled trade route around Africa to
Asia)– Spain- West (North and South America)
Voyages to the Americas• John Cabot- Explored
the New England coast for England
• Amerigo Vespucci (veh-SPOO-chee)- Named the New World America
Ptolemy: world map, copy from 1482
Bell Ringer #6
• Define the following:
a. Plantation-
b. Triangular Trade-
*Use Chapter 13, Section 2!
The Spanish Empire• Conquistadors- Spanish “conquerors” of America– 1500s- Spain established colonies
(settlements/communities)– 1533- Spain controlled most of South America – 1550- Spain controlled all Mexico – Natives were used as slave labor on sugar plantations
and in gold/silver mines• Depleted population due to forced labor, starvation, and
disease• Example: Mexico’s Population- 1519, 25 million; 1630, 1 million
New Spain (Spanish Empire)
New World Competition• Early 1600s
– Dutch Colony- New Netherland• Present day New York
– French Colonies- Northern N. America and Louisiana Territory• Present day Canada and Louisiana,
Arkansas, Missouri, Iowa, Minnesota, North Dakota, South Dakota, Nebraska, Kansas, Oklahoma, Colorado, Wyoming, and Montana
– English Colonies- Atlantic Seaboard• Present day Georgia, South Carolina,
North Carolina, Virginia (1st), Maryland, Delaware, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Massachusetts (2nd), Connecticut, Rhode Island, and New Hampshire.
New World Economics• Gold and Silver• Plantations- Large farms that used slave labor– Sugar and Tobacco (mainly)– Columbian Exchange- extensive trade of plants and
animals between the Old and New Worlds• Also brought European diseases to the New World
New World Economics• Colony- Settlement of people living in a new
territory– Politically and economically linked with parent
country• Mercantilism- 17th c. economic principle
– The prosperity of a nation depended on a large supply of gold and silver
– Fueled by trade of natural resources found in the New World
– Balance of Trade- difference in value of exports v. imports• Goal- export more than import (sell more than buy)
• Colonies provided raw materials and a market for manufactured goods
Chapter 13 Sec 2
Africa in an Age of Transition
The Slave Trade• Africa– African slaves
• Southwest Asia– Domestic servants
• Europe– Domestic servants
• Americas– Increased demand– Plantation- large agricultural estates
• Sugar Cane- difficult to grow/harvest; required more slaves• 1st - Brazil & Caribbean Islands
Growth of the Slave Trade• 1518- 1st ship of slaves brought to
the Americas• Triangular Trade- New global
economy– Africa to the Americas- Slaves– Americas to Europe- Raw Materials
(tobacco, molasses, sugar, cotton, etc)
– Europe to Africa- Manufactured Goods (guns, cloth, rum)
• Early 16th to late 19th c.– 10 million slaves
• Middle Passage- Africa to America– Many slaves died
Effects of the Slave Trade• 1st African slaves were prisoners
of war• Europeans traded with Slave
Traders– Africans who kidnapped other
Africans– Coastal regions and inland
• Impact on African Societies– Depopulation
• Youngest/Strongest men and women
– Increase in war– Lost faith in gods– Deterioration of art– Increase in human sacrifice
Bell Ringer #7
• Name the 5 European nations that colonized the New World (in order)!
*Use Chapter 13
Not in Textbook
Colonization in North America
Spanish• New Spain – Central America– Built a new empire– Spanish churches and homes
SpanishDate Explorer Area Reason
1492 Christopher Columbus
Western sea route to Asia (Indies)
Trade
1513 Juan Ponce de Leon
Explored Florida
Keep out the FrenchFountain of Youth
1519 Hernando Cortes
Central America
GoldGod (Religion)
Columbus’ Route
Cortes’ Route
Portuguese• Brazil• 1500• Portugal's side of the Treaty of
Tordesillas– Divided the world in half (western-
Spain, eastern- Portugal)
• Used for trade and plantations
French• New France –
North America• Goals – Trade (fur) – Catholicism (convert Natives)– No towns or families
• Good relations with Native Americans Military alliances
FrenchYear Explorer Area Reason
1534 Jacques Cartier St. Lawrence River (Canada/US border)
Trade
1608 Samuel de Champlain
Quebec, Canada Permanent settlement
1682 Robert Cavelier Mississippi Valley (Louisiana Territory)
Trade with Spanish
Robert Cavelier
English• 3 Colonial Regions– New England• Focused on Puritan religion• Manufacturing/Trade
– Middle (Mid Atlantic)• Religious diversity• Some farming and trade
– Southern• Concerned only with economy
– Plantation system, cash crops, slavery
EnglishDate Name Region Significance
1607 John Smith Southern •Ship Captain•Helped found Jamestown, Va
1612 John Rolfe Southern Brought tobacco to English Colonies- primary cash crop
1630 John Winthrop New England Founded Massachusetts for Puritans
1681 William Penn Middle (Mid Atlantic)
Founded Pennsylvania for Quakers
Bell Ringer #8
1. Turn in completed Bell Ringer chart.
2. Turn in Study Guide (if completed).
3. Turn in map from Friday.
4. Get out extra credit (hold it until I collect them).
5. Prepare for your 1st test!!!!!