bell ringer - weeblyduluthworldhistory.weebly.com/uploads/1/3/0/9/... · the mauryan empire of...
TRANSCRIPT
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Bell Ringer Complete the chart located on the back of your
Hinduism and Buddhism Notes
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River Valleys to Empires?
■Working with a partner, answer the following questions:
–What is an “empire”?
–How are “empires” different from “river valley civilizations”?
–What are the advantages of having an empire?
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From Civilization to Empire ■After thousands of years of civilization in
river valleys, the first empires appeared
–River valley civilizations were complex societies with advanced technologies, cities, workers, writing, & institutions
–Empires were advanced societies with well-organized, centralized gov’ts that conquered & ruled a variety of formerly independent people
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Major Empires
Persian Empire
Mauryan & Gupta Empires in India
Han Dynasty in China
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Mesopotamia: River Valley to Empire
Sumerians Akkadians
Assyrians Babylonians
The fertile soil & lack of natural boundaries in Mesopotamia led to frequent invasions & conquests
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One of the most important ancient empires were the Persians (in present-day Iran)
The Persians grew into a powerful empire under
Kings Cyrus & Darius
The “10,000 Immortals”
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With a powerful army, the Persians conquered Mesopotamia, Egypt, & India
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Persian Culture ■ Persian religion was Zoroastrianism, which
viewed life as a struggle between good & evil
–Persians believed in heaven & hell as consequences for how they lived their lives
Zoroastrianism influenced the
views of the afterlife in Judaism, Christianity, & Islam
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The Persian Empire at its Height Quick Brainstorming Activity: How did the Persians control such
a massive empire?
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The Persian Empire ■ Persians controlled their
empire in a variety of ways: –Persian kings were
tolerant & allowed conquered people to keep their languages & religions
–Rather than destroying or looting conquered cities, King Cyrus would show respect for local customs
Images of tolerance
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The Persian Empire King Darius divided the empire into 20 provinces
each ruled by a satrap (local governor)
Satraps were the “eyes & ears of the king,” collected taxes, & informed the king of uprisings
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The Persian Empire The Persians built a network of roads in order
to collect taxes & improve communication & trade throughout the empire
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The Persian Empire The Persians used metal coins with
standardized values to help promote trade
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Indian Empires: Mauryan & Gupta
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The Mauryan Empire of India
Indus River Valley
After the river valley era, India transitioned into the Mauryan Empire
Chandragupta Maurya became king of India in 321 BC,
created a vast army, & conquered new lands
Chandragupta’s empire controlled most of the Indian subcontinent
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India: The Mauryan Empire ■Chandragupta used tactics to control
his empire: –Like the
Persians, Chandragupta divided his empire into provinces each ruled by a local prince
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The Mauryan Empire of India
Indus River Valley
In 269 B.C., King Asoka took over & expanded the Mauryan
Empire to its greatest extent
During his wars of expansion, Asoka converted to Buddhism
Asoka developed new policies of tolerance &
nonviolence for his empire
Buddhism spread as a result of Asoka’s influence
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The Gupta Empire
After Asoka’s death, the Mauryan Empire declined & was
replaced by the Gupta Empire
Chandra Gupta formed the Gupta Empire in 320 A.D. & expanded the empire
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Classical India ■ India experienced a “golden age” during the
Gupta Empire & became a “classical empire” –Indian astronomers were the first to
discover that the earth was round –Mathematicians invented modern
numerals, zero, pi, & the decimal system
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Merchants sold exotic spices & silks to people in the Mediterranean world
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Han Dynasty in China
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China & the Dynastic Cycle ■Government in China was based upon the
dynastic cycle: –One ruling family (a “dynasty”) gains the
“mandate of heaven” then rules until the dynasty grows weak & is over- thrown
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As a result, eras in Chinese history are named after the ruling dynasties
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Han China During the Han Dynasty, China became a “classical civilization” marked by its advanced gov’t, trade, & technology
Han kings built a powerful army & expanded into Asia to form China’s first empire
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Han China Chinese emperors added thousands of gov’t workers (called bureaucrats) to collect taxes,
enforce laws, & oversee building projects
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In order to gain one of the 130,000 gov’t jobs, citizens had
to pass a civil service exam
Exams were based on Confucian teachings
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Han China Chinese technologies became advanced,
especially silk & paper making. Paper made books cheaper & increased literacy in China
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Han China The desire for Chinese luxury goods led to the Silk Road which connected China with Indian, Persian, & Mediterranean societies
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Closure Activity: Identify 3 similarities & 3 differences among
the Persian, Indian, & Chinese empires