Bell Quiz: Bell Quiz: (page 552) (page 552) Read the “Point/Counterpoint” box Read the “Point/Counterpoint” box

1)1) What did isolationists believe about What did isolationists believe about America’s role in the world?America’s role in the world?

2)2) What was the interventionist What was the interventionist position on America’s world role?position on America’s world role?

3)3) In what way did Lindbergh believe In what way did Lindbergh believe democracy would be saved?democracy would be saved?

4)4) Why did FDR think the U.S. was Why did FDR think the U.S. was threatened by what was happening threatened by what was happening in Europe?in Europe?

ObjectivesObjectives

Describe the U.S. response to the Describe the U.S. response to the outbreak of war in Europe in 1939.outbreak of war in Europe in 1939.

Explain how Roosevelt assisted the Explain how Roosevelt assisted the Allies without declaring war.Allies without declaring war.

Summarize the events that brought Summarize the events that brought the United States into armed conflict the United States into armed conflict with Germany.with Germany.

Describe the American response to Describe the American response to the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor.the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor.

Use pages 550-557 to answer the Use pages 550-557 to answer the following questions.following questions.

What was the U.S. response to the outbreak What was the U.S. response to the outbreak of war in Europe?of war in Europe?

What 3 countries formed the Axis Powers in What 3 countries formed the Axis Powers in 1940?1940?

How did Roosevelt assist the Allies without How did Roosevelt assist the Allies without declaring war (4)?declaring war (4)?

What events led the United States into What events led the United States into armed conflict with Germany?armed conflict with Germany?

Why did the Japanese draw the U.S. into Why did the Japanese draw the U.S. into WWII by attacking Pearl Harbor?WWII by attacking Pearl Harbor?

U.S. Moving Away from U.S. Moving Away from NeutralityNeutrality

1939, Franklin Roosevelt convinced congress to 1939, Franklin Roosevelt convinced congress to revise the Neutrality Act.revise the Neutrality Act.

FDR persuaded Congress to pass a “cash-and FDR persuaded Congress to pass a “cash-and carry” provision.carry” provision.• Allowed warring nations to buy U.S. arms as long as they Allowed warring nations to buy U.S. arms as long as they

paid cash and transported them in their own ships. paid cash and transported them in their own ships. FDR asked Congress to increase spending for FDR asked Congress to increase spending for

national defense.national defense. Congress also passed the Selective Training and Congress also passed the Selective Training and

Service Act.Service Act. Congress passed the Lend-Lease Act in March Congress passed the Lend-Lease Act in March

1941.1941. Under the Lend-Lease Plan the president would Under the Lend-Lease Plan the president would

lend or lease arms and other supplies to “any lend or lease arms and other supplies to “any county whose defense was vital to the United county whose defense was vital to the United States.”States.”

The Axis Powers (1940)The Axis Powers (1940) September 7, 1940, September 7, 1940,

Germany, Italy, and Japan Germany, Italy, and Japan signed the Tripartite Pact.signed the Tripartite Pact.• The Tripartite Pact was a The Tripartite Pact was a

mutual defense treaty. mutual defense treaty. Germany, Italy, and Japan Germany, Italy, and Japan

were now the Axis Powers. were now the Axis Powers. Under the Tripartite Pact Under the Tripartite Pact

each Axis nation agreed to each Axis nation agreed to come to the defense of the come to the defense of the others in case of attack. others in case of attack.

The Tripartite Pact’s goal was The Tripartite Pact’s goal was to keep the U.S. out of the to keep the U.S. out of the war.war.

June 1941, Hitler broke the June 1941, Hitler broke the nonaggression pact and nonaggression pact and invaded the Soviet Union. invaded the Soviet Union.

German U-boatsGerman U-boats Hitler deployed German Hitler deployed German

submarines (U-boats) to submarines (U-boats) to attack supply ships.attack supply ships.

Groups of 40 submarines Groups of 40 submarines patrolled areas in the patrolled areas in the North Atlantic and North Atlantic and attacked convoys of supply attacked convoys of supply ships (wolf pack attacks). ships (wolf pack attacks).

Could sink as much as Could sink as much as 350,000 tons of shipments 350,000 tons of shipments in a single month.in a single month.

September 1941, September 1941, Roosevelt granted the Roosevelt granted the navy permission for U.S. navy permission for U.S. warships to attack warships to attack Germany U-boats in self-Germany U-boats in self-defense. defense.

Atlantic CharterAtlantic Charter Roosevelt and Churchill met secretly aboard the battleship Roosevelt and Churchill met secretly aboard the battleship

USS Augusta.USS Augusta. Churchill hoped for a U.S. military commitment.Churchill hoped for a U.S. military commitment. Settled for the Atlantic Charter – a joint declaration of war Settled for the Atlantic Charter – a joint declaration of war

aims.aims. Both countries pledged collective security, disarmament, Both countries pledged collective security, disarmament,

self-determination, economic cooperation, and freedom of self-determination, economic cooperation, and freedom of the seasthe seas

The Atlantic Charter became the basis of the United The Atlantic Charter became the basis of the United Nations. Nations.

The United Nations was suggested by Roosevelt to express The United Nations was suggested by Roosevelt to express the common purpose of the Allies.the common purpose of the Allies.

Allies: the nations that fought the Axis powers.Allies: the nations that fought the Axis powers. The Declaration of the United Nations was signed by 26 The Declaration of the United Nations was signed by 26

nations. nations.

Japan AttacksJapan Attacks Japan was led by Prime Minister Hideki Tojo and Emperor Japan was led by Prime Minister Hideki Tojo and Emperor

Hirohito. Hirohito. Goal was to unite East Asia under Japanese rule.Goal was to unite East Asia under Japanese rule. U.S. protested Japanese aggression by cutting off trade (oil U.S. protested Japanese aggression by cutting off trade (oil

embargo).embargo). December 7, 1941 Japan attacks Pearl Harbor, the largest December 7, 1941 Japan attacks Pearl Harbor, the largest

U.S. naval base in the Pacific.U.S. naval base in the Pacific. In less than 2 hours, the Japanese had killed 2,403 In less than 2 hours, the Japanese had killed 2,403

Americans and wounded 1,178.Americans and wounded 1,178. 21 ships had been sunk or damaged, nearly the whole U.S. 21 ships had been sunk or damaged, nearly the whole U.S.

Pacific fleet.Pacific fleet. Congress quickly approved Roosevelt’s request for a Congress quickly approved Roosevelt’s request for a

declaration of war against Japan.declaration of war against Japan. 3 days later, Germany and Italy declared war on the United 3 days later, Germany and Italy declared war on the United

States.States.