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Behavioural Interpretation of Cognition David C. Palmer Smith College Northampton, Massachusetts Ullin Place impressed his colleagues by his p hilosophical work on the mind-body  problem, but, by his own account, he bewildered them by his unswerving advocacy of  behaviourism. In this essay, dedicated to his memory, I suggest that this bewilderment arises from a widespread misunderstanding of the modern behavioural approach to cognition. It is not commonly appreciated that the behaviourist distinguishes the interpretation of behaviour from the experimental analysis of behaviour. Only the latter enterprise requires that variables be public, measurable, and reliable; the interpretation of  behaviour serves a different purpose and is differently constrained. Introduction Behavioural phenomena embraced by the term “cognition” are distinctive in that commonly some portion of the performance is unobserved, and that portion that is observed is often insufficient to permit prediction or control. Appropriate behaviour appears as if by mag ic. If this sense of magic is to be dispelled, there is no alternative to speculating about unobserved phenomena. The behaviourist does not object to such speculations, but he d oes insist that the interpretive tools used in such exercises be restricted to those that have been validated with observable phenomena. Thus he sees complex behaviour as an orderly web of units of behaviour governed by established  behavioural principles and nothing more. This psychological uniformitarianism sets  behaviourism apart from more permissive paradigms that invoke constructs that do not have an independent empirical status. The behaviourist argues that the  psychological functions assigned to these constructs can be accomplished by covert  behaviour; additional terms are unnecessary. My purpose here is not to debate the

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