behavior based safety final draft
TRANSCRIPT
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AN INTRODUCTION TO
Behavior Based Safety (BBS)
Dr. A. V. Singh
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Contests & Contests & AwardsAwards
RReeppririmmaanndsds
RRegegululatatioionsns
PoliciesPolicies
Committees & CouncilsCommittees & Councils
SlogansSlogansSafety TrainingSafety Training
Safety MeetingsSafety Meetings
Fewer AccidentsFewer Accidents
Traditional Safety Model
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Traditional Safety Management
Safety Management System Features
PPE Emergency Response Policies
Procedures Safety Rules Incident Investigation
Safety Meetings Audits/Inspections Industrial Hygiene
Training Safety Permits Hazard Recognition
Fire Protection Engineering Ergonomics
Safety IncentivesSHE StandardsSafety Surveys
Job Safety Analysis JSO
Purpose: To reduce/eliminate injuriesin the workplace.
Limited effectiveness, why?Strong reliance on Antecedents
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Please think . . .
How many of the above elements can be
directly traced to injury elimination just at
the moment the injury is about to occur ?
Question: Are injuries totally eliminated?
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Injury Statistics . . .
14 people die at work in US everyday
11,000 people suffer from disabling injury everyday
Question: Are injuries totally eliminated?
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Injury Statistics . . . Year 2004 in US*
•5200 workplace fatalities
•3.8 fatalities per 100,000 workers
•3.9 million people suffer disabling injuries
•6.1 injuries or illnesses per 100 workers
Question: Are injuries totally eliminated?
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Injury Statistics . . . In INDIA
•124 people die at workplace everyday
•46575 people are injured
•32% contribution to global fatality at work
•37% of global burden of occupational injury
Question: Are injuries totally eliminated?
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To Conclude . . .
•Good Safety Management systems exist
•Still workplace is injury prone & not safe
•Injury although declined, still persists
WHAT IS MISSING? WHERE IS THE CATCH?
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Scientifically proven that . . .
In 1951, Dr. Heinrich claimed that more than 90%
of injuries were caused by UNSAFE ACTS
DuPont proved by research that:
Injury Causes Percent
Injuries due to Unsafe Acts / Behavior 76
Injuries due to combination of Unsafe Behavior & Conditions
20
Injuries due Unsafe Conditions 4
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DOE, US Govt. found out that . . .
Personnel errors (Unsafe Acts) was present in 77%
of incidents
0
20
40
60
80
100
Percent by Cause (1999-2001)
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DuPont Research found that . . .
30,000 Hazards(Unsafe Acts & Conditions)
3,000 Near Miss / First Aid
300 Non LTAs
30 LTAs
1Fatal
Eliminate
Avoid
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To Conclude . . .
Eliminate Unsafe Acts / Conditions = Avoid Injuries & Accidents
Safety Safety ActivitiesActivities
Fewer Unsafe Fewer Unsafe ActsActs
Fewer Fewer AccidentsAccidents
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Unsafe Acts & Objectives of BBS
1. Unsafe Acts is a behavioral process
2. Also defined as “at risk” behavior
Objective of BBS is to minimize “at risk” behavior at workplace
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Principles of BBS
Behavior is the cause of accidents
Consequence motivate behavior
What gets measured, gets done
Feedback is essential to improvement
Quality is built early in the process
Conversations change organizations
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Behavioral Safety Management
Safety Management System Features
PPE Emergency Response Policies
Procedures Safety Rules Incident Investigation
Safety Meetings Audits/Inspections Industrial Hygiene
Training Safety Permits Hazard Recognition
Fire Protection Engineering Ergonomics
Safety IncentivesOSHA StandardsSafety Surveys
Purpose: To reduce/eliminate injuriesin the workplace.
Improvement: Adding Consequences
But,
Still limited effectiveness, why?Not integrated with other elements
Job Safety AnalysisBehavioral Safety JSO
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Behavioral Safety Management
To be effective:– Integrate the fundamental elements1 of BBS
into the Safety Management System elements– How?
• Identify (pinpoint) critical behaviors• Define behaviors precisely to measure them
reliably• Implement mechanisms to determine current
status• Provide feedback• Reinforce progress
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What is Behavior?
Behavior is anything that a person says, does, thinks or feels
Eg: Working at heights with safety belts
Behavior should be observable, specific
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What is Antecedent ?
Anything that occurs before or during the behavior can be an antecedent for that behavior
B: Working at heights with safety belts
A: Painful Memory of past accident
It is Antecedents that cause a certain types of behavior to happen
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What is Consequence ?
Anything that occurs after a behavior
B: Working at heights with safety belts
A: Painful Memory of past accident
C: No more accidents
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The ABC of BBS Program
A: Antecedents – cause of certain behavior
C: Consequence – outcome of a behavior
B: Behavior – what you see a person do
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What is BBS Program?
Understand & Influence Antecedents
Minimize / eliminate workplace injuries
Make people behave safely, work safely
This is Zero Injury Culture too . . .
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BBS vs. Zero Injury
Zero Injury is the GOAL
BBS is the path to reach the GOAL
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How to Implement BBS ?
7 Steps Process
1. Identify Unsafe Acts in all your operations. Make a list of safe acts for these unsafe acts.
2. Audit Unsafe Acts & Conditions. Report
3. Measure no. of safe / unsafe acts. Know your scores4. Set Improvement Goals. Identify actions to achieve the goals. Implement Actions
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How to Implement BBS ?
7 Steps Process
5. Monitor actions implementation & trends of Unsafe Acts & conditions
6. Continually improve performance
7. Recognize performers & celebrate achievement
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Reactive
Proactive
A: It’s the best way of measuring how well your system is working!
Q: Why focus on behavior?
Systems’ Weaknesses
Serious Injuries
At-Risk BehaviorsAt-Risk Behaviors
Non Serious Injuries
Near Misses
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Recall . . .
Safety Safety ActivitiesActivities
Fewer Unsafe ActsFewer Unsafe Acts
Fewer Fewer AccidentsAccidents
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What do we do now?
Safety Safety ActivitiesActivities
Fewer Unsafe ActsFewer Unsafe Acts
Fewer Fewer AccidentsAccidents
Traditional Model
BBS Program +
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Primary Team Roles
Management Lead by example Support the process Remove roadblocks Monitor success Provide resources
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Basic Elements of BBS
Identify/define targeted safe behaviors.Observe behaviors.Measure process/activities.Deliver feedback.Deliver positive consequences.Analyze variance/take action.Improve process continuously.
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RESULTS
CRITICAL SAFE & PROCESS SUPPORT
BEHAVIORS
PERFORMANCE
VERBAL & GRAPHIC ON
PERFORMANCE
PERFORMANCEIMPROVEMENT
PINPOINTEVALUATE
ME
AS
UR
E
RE
INF
OR
CE
GIVE FEEDBACK
The Behavioral Process
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If BBS has to Succeed then . . .
Top Management Commitment is essential
Ownership & involvement from all employees
Steering Committee to monitor in plants
Training to all on BBS & safety practices
Effective Feedback – Most important
Performance monitoring & Continual improvement
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Safe Behavior
Is safe behavior an occupational necessity?
Can safe behavior be a philosophy of life?
Is safety only at work place?
Don’t I want my son to drive safely & reach home every day?
Safe Behavior = Safety Assurance
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Thank you