Beginnings of Industrialization

Chapter 9Section 1

Main Idea

• The Industrial Revolution started in England and soon spread to other countries.

• The changes that began in Britain paved the way for modern industrial societies.

Introduction • Political revolutions brought

about change in government.• Examples?• Industrial Revolution changed

the way people worked.• Increased output due to

machine-made goods.• Hand-made goods v.

machine-made goods

Agricultural Revolution

• Farmers bought up a lot of the small farms.

• Increased acreage increased cultivation

• New farming methods increased production

Enclosure Act• Farmers owned several strips of

land, scattered throughout open fields.

• The enclosure act gave farmers one large area of land equal to the original acreage.

• The enclosure act required farmers to fence their area.

• Many could not afford it.• RESULT?• Move to the city.• This helped lead to the Industrial

Revolution.

Crop Rotation

Year 1

Year 2

Why England?• Large population of

workers• Highly skilled workforce

• Extensive natural resources• Water power and coal • Iron ore (to construct

machines)• Rivers• Harbors

Why England? (cont.)• Expanding economy

• What is needed to start or expand a business?

• Increased trade, prosperity increased demand

• Political stability• None of Britain’s wars in the

1700s occurred in Britain.• Britain had all the factors of

production.• Everything needed to

produce goods• Land, labor and capital

Inventions

• Creativity Inventions Industrialization• Industrialization = the process of developing

machine production of goods.

Changes in the Textile Industry• Textile = cloth• New inventions made it

possible to mass produce textiles faster and more efficiently.

• Britain was in need of clothing due to the population boom.

Factories

• Textile merchants put inventions, like the spinning mule, in a large building called a factory.

• The machines operated on water power.• Where would be a logical place to build a

factory?• Near rivers and streams.

Cotton• Many textiles were made from cotton• Cotton has seeds.• Can you imagine picking the seeds out by

hand?• Eli Whitney’s solution? • Invention of the cotton gin.

Effect of the Cotton Gin

• American cotton production• 1790 – 1.5 million pounds produced• 1810 – 85 million pounds produced

Transportation• Textile progress other industrial improvements.• Steam Engine – cheap, convenient source of power.• The early model used too much fuel.• James Watt made the steam engine work faster and more

efficiently.

Water Transportation• Steam was also used to propel boats.• Water transportation improved with a network of

canals.• More canals decreased transportation costs

of both raw materials and finished goods.

The Railway Age Begins

• Steam powered machinery led the industrial revolution during the late 1700s.

• After 1820, the railway led the way.

Rocket• George Stephenson invented Rocket. • Hauled 13 tons at a speed of 24 miles per hour.

Effects of the Locomotive

• 1. Spurred industrial growth due to cheap transportation.

• 2. Created hundreds of thousands of new jobs.

• 3. England’s agricultural and fishing industry boomed.

• 4. Encouraged country people to take distant city jobs.