befs rapid appraisal · 2013-12-16 · charcoal, briquettes, biogas country specific evidence ......

Sustainable Bioenergy Assessment

BEFS Rapid Appraisal

1GBEP Workshop, FAO HQ, Rome, 11 December 2013


Outline

• Overview of FAO’s Bioenergy and Food

Security (BEFS) Approach

• Overview of BEFS Rapid Appraisal

2

• Overview of BEFS Rapid Appraisal

• Example of BEFS Rapid Appraisal outputs

FAO’s BEFS Approach: mission

The BEFS Approach helps countries designand implement sustainable bioenergypolicies and strategies, by ensuring that

bioenergy development:

3

bioenergy development:

→ contributes to agricultural and rural development in a climate-smart way, and

→ fosters both food and energy security

The Bioenergy and Food Security (BEFS)

Approach

Impact Monitoring, Support toSustainable

Stakeholder Dialogue and Capacity Building

4

Monitoring, Evaluation

and Response

Support toPolicy

Formulation

Sustainable Bioenergy

AssessmentScoping

Risk Prevention, Management and Investment Screening

Stakeholder Dialogue, Capacity Building

and Scoping

• As a first step, a working group is established with

representatives from all relevant ministries (e.g.

agriculture, energy, environment, etc.)

• A dialogue is then promoted between these ministries

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• A dialogue is then promoted between these ministries

and other relevant stakeholders as well, in order to

identify issues and priorities

• Following a needs assessment, capacity building activities are then conducted for experts from

relevant agencies

BEFS Risk Prevention and Management

• Good environmental and socio-economic practices to mitigate risks and increase opportunities associated with bioenergy operations

• Policy instruments to require or promote good practices in bioenergy feedstock production and to discourage bad practices

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• Planning tools and methodologies to inform the development of a sustainable bioenergy sector and of sustainable operations

BEFS Risk Prevention and Management:

Investment Screening

• Evaluation of environmental and socio-economic sustainability of prospective agricultural/bioenergy

investments through web-based BEFS Operator

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Level Tool

http://www.fao.org/energy/befs/operator-tool

BEFS Sustainable Bioenergy Assessment

• Country specific evidence to inform policy

formulation

• The assessment is based on the BEFS AF

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• It can be carried out at two levels:

– BEFS Rapid Appraisal

– BEFS Detailed Analysis

Impact Monitoring, Evaluation and Response

• Tools and methodologies for monitoring the environmental and socio-economic impacts of the bioenergy sector and of individual operations

• GBEP indicator for assessing the effects of bioenergyuse and domestic production on the price and supply of a national food basket

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a national food basket

• Policy responses to address the impacts of bioenergy on food security at both national and project levels

BEFS Activities

Country and Regional Activities

ASEAN, Bhutan, Cambodia,

Indonesia, Malawi, Nepal, Peru,

Philippines, SADC, Sierra Leone, Sri

Lanka, Tanzania, Thailand

Official Requests for Technical Assistance

Benin, Botswana, Cote d’Ivoire,

Ethiopia, Sudan, Togo, Zimbabwe

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The Bioenergy and Food Security (BEFS)

Approach

Impact Monitoring, Support toSustainable

Stakeholder Dialogue and Capacity Building

11

Monitoring, Evaluation

and Response

Support toPolicy

Formulation

Sustainable Bioenergy

AssessmentScoping

Risk Prevention, Management and Investment Screening


Sustainable Bioenergy Assessment:


• The BEFS Rapid Appraisal allows countries to get a preliminary indication of their sustainable bioenergy potential and of the associated opportunities, risksand trade-offs

• How is food security safeguarded?

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• How is food security safeguarded?

- Bioenergy feedstock potential is additional to current and

planned uses for food and feed

- Options for income and employment generation are considered

• How is sustainability ensured?

- Sustainable use of natural resources, eg. exclusion of protected areas (including biodiversity) and forests

- Economic and social sustainability: competitiveness, smallholder inclusion, etc.

Sustainable Bioenergy Assessment:


The BEFS Rapid Appraisal provides a set of easily

applicable methodologies and user-friendly tools to

address key questions related to:

• Sustainable feedstock potential

• Techno-economic viability

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• Techno-economic viability

• Socio-economic dimensions

• Excel based

• globally applicable, country level assessment

• implementable in a relatively short time

• can be used with limited data, default values provided

• analysis can be tailored to address specific needs of countries

Scope of BEFS Rapid Appraisal:

FEEDSTOCKproduction, harvesting, collection

BIOFUEL PRODUCTION

TRANSPORT

The whole bioenergy supply chain

ELECTRICITYproduction

and distribution

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FACTORY GATE

In summary, quantification of:

Is the feedstock available (considering the conditions)?

Is it profitable? For whom?

Can smallholders be cost competitive?

Investment requirements? Job creation? Energy access?

CONSUMER

The BEFS Rapid Appraisal

Country StatusReview of key indicators and trends: Agriculture, Energy, Environment, etc.

Agriculture

Residues

Fuelwood and

Wood ResiduesCrops

Biomass Potential Assessment

Natural Resources

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TransportBioethanol, biodiesel

Rural ElectrificationGasification, SVO, Combustion

Heating and CookingCharcoal, briquettes, biogas

Country Specific Evidence

Energy End Use Options

Techno-economic and socioeconomic analysis


Country Status Module

Review of key indicators and trends in:

• Agriculture, e.g. main staple crops and export crops,

agricultural trade balance, etc.

• Energy, e.g. energy supply and demand, energy

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• Energy, e.g. energy supply and demand, energy

access, etc.

• Environment, e.g. land cover, trends in land-use

change, deforestation rate, etc.

• Economic development, poverty and food security,

e.g. GDP growth, unemployment, poverty rate,

undernourishment, etc.

Natural Resources ModuleHow much biomass is potentially available for bioenergy production?

� What are the options for additional production of crops?

� Intensification, extensification, change of crops

� Is there possibility for additional fuelwood harvesting?

� How much harvesting residues and wood processing residues are

available?

Forest management, residues currently used

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� Forest management, residues currently used

� How much crop residues and livestock residues are available?

� Soil fertility, feed, construction….

Outputs:

Biomass potentially available for







• Can biofuels be produced profitably and competitively?

• To what degree can smallholders be involved?

• Investment requirements?

Techno-economic Analyses

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Bioethanol, biodieselGasification, SVO, Combustion

Predefined plant sizes/technologies

Outputs:

• Production costs

• Cost comparison with alternative energy sources

• Economic profitability and financial viability

Outputs:

• Production costs

• Cost comparison with alternative energy sources

• Economic profitability and financial viability

Socio-economic Analyses




• Labour implications

• Energy access implications

• What might the tradeoffs be?

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Predefined plant sizes/technologies

Outputs:

• Jobs created, smallholder involvement

• Energy access

Outputs:

• Jobs created, smallholder involvement

• Energy access

The BEFS Rapid Appraisal

Country StatusReview of key indicators and trends: Agriculture, Energy, Environment, etc.

Agriculture

Residues

Fuelwood and

Wood ResiduesCrops


Natural Resources

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Country Specific Evidence

Energy End Use Options

Techno-economic and socioeconomic analyses


Malawi – Country Status Module

Malawi

the country

Value YearUser-defined

valueYear Value Year

User-defined

valueYear

Total population (1000 inhab) 15,381 2011 363.64 2011

Rural population (%) 80% 889.74 2011

Urban population (%) 20% 784.97 2011

Population density (inhab/km2) 163.1 30.17 2011

Source: Source:

COUNTRY OVERVIEW

Enter data into white cells Grey cells are calculated

Parameter (unit)

FOOD SECURITY AND ENERGY USE LAND COVER / LAND USE

BEFS Rapid Appraisal for

POPULATION SOCIO-ECONOMIC INDICATORS

GDP per capita (current US$)

The World Bank, 2013: WDI

Parameter (unit)

FAO, 2013: FAOSTAT

GDP/capita, PPP (const. 2005, int. $)

COUNTRY:

GDP/capita, PPP (current int. $)

Agriculture, value added (% of GDP)

<< BACK

Start

NEXT >>

Net trade position for key food crops

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1000 ha % of land area YearUser-defined

valueYear Value Year

User-defined

valueYear

Country area 11,848 2011 Undernourished population (%) 23.1 2011

Land area 9,428 100% 2011

Agricultural area 5,580 59.19% 2011

3,600 38.18% 2011 Energy use (kg of oil eq. per capita) 0.0 2010

130 1.38% 2011 Electricity consumption (kWh/capita) 0.0 2010

Forest area 3,204 33.98% 2011 Access to electricity (% of population) 8.70 2010

Source: Source:

Rank Rank Trade commodityExport

quantity (t)

Export value

(1000 US$)

Export unit

value (US$/t)

Share in total

value of exports

1 Maize 1 Tobacco 144,676 874,904 6,047 69.6%

2 Potato 2 Tea 49,999 120,787 2,416 9.6%

3 Cassava 3 Coffee 901 5,271 5,850 0.4%

1,000,962 80%

1,256,639

Source: Year: Source: Year:

5.8%

Parameter (unit)

2009

195

1,158

FAOSTAT, Trade

100%

Food balance sheet, FAOSTAT

1,488

2,318

2010

Parameter

Subtotal

135

50.7 2010

The World Bank, 2013: WDIFAO, 2013: FAOSTAT

Total value of export of agricultural commodities

AGRICULTURAL TRADE - KEY CASH CROPS

50.0%

8.4%

Total food supply

Subtotal 64.2%

FOOD SECURITY AND ENERGY USE LAND COVER / LAND USE

Food commodity Share in total food supply Food supply (kcal/capita/day)

Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty

line (% of pop.)

FOOD SUPPLY AND KEY FOOD SECURITY CROPS

Arable land

Permanent crops

Maize

Potato

Cassava

Tobacco

Tea

Coffee

Energy demand and supply in Malawi

Sector Energy demand by fuel (TJ/year)

Biomass Petroleum Electricity(hydro, thermal)

Coal Total (%)

Households 127,394 672 1,798 5 83.4%

Industry 9,664 3,130 2,010 3,481 11.7%

Transport 270 5,640 35 15 3.8%

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Transport 270 5,640 35 15 3.8%

Service 452 558 477 174 1.1%

Total (%) 88.5% 6.4% 2.8% 2.4%

Source: Malawi BEST (2009)

Demand

• Households use the largest share of energy

• Biomass is the most important energy source

• fuelwood, charcoal and crop residues

COUNTRY: Malawi

the country

Select the crops (crop 1 - crop 4) you want to analyse from the dropdown lists below:

CROP PRODUCTION

BEFS Rapid Appraisal for

The Crop production tool

is used to assess the potential for additional production of crops that can be used as feedstock for liquid biofuels: straight vegetable oil, biodiesel and ethanol.

Feestock for production of streight vegetable oil and biodiesel include oilseed crops:

coconut, jatropha, oil palm, rapeseed, soybean and sunflower.

Feestock for production of ethanol include sugar and starchy crops:

barley, cassava, maize, sugarbeet, sugarcane, sorghum and wheat.

Up to four crops can be analysed at the same time, irrespective of the biofuel type.

NEXT >>

Net Trade Position for the selected crops

<< BACK

Crops Component

NR Module – Crop Production Tool

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Select the crops (crop 1 - crop 4) you want to analyse from the dropdown lists below:

Sunflower Soybean Sugarcane Cassava

Select the option you want to analyse:

Crop 1 Crop 2 Crop 3 Crop 4

The following options for additional production of the selected crops can be analysed:

Intensification - increase in annual production due to an increase in crop yields achieved through: improvements in agricultural

practices and/or increases in the use of inputs (e.g. fertilisers, pesticides, machinery).

Change of crops - replacement of a crop currently grown on a defined land area with a different crop.

Extensification - increase in annual production due to an increase in the production area i.e. expansion of arable land.

NEXT>>

INTENSIFICATIONNEXT>>

CHANGE OF CROPS

NEXT>>

EXTENSIFICATION

Clear selectionNEXT>>

Net Trade Position for the selected crops

Soybean Sugarcane CassavaSunflower Selection of crops

Selection of

production options

Crop Production: Intensification option

COUNTRY: Malawi

the country

Crop 1 Crop 2 Crop 3 Crop 4 Crop 1 Crop 2 Crop 3 Crop 4


Unit

t/ha 0.85 1.00 107.72 17.86 Parameter Unit Sunflower Soybean Sugarcane Cassava

1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 Yield t/ha 0.70 0.83 107.72 17.86

t/year 10,621 75,665 2,500,000 2,965,076 Annual production t 5,926 61,656 2,415,000 2,965,076

ha 12,495 75,665 23,208 166,018

INTENSIFICATION

Current yield

(based on FAOSTAT 2002-2011)

BEFS Rapid Analysis for Enter data into white cells Grey cells are calculated

Current production Parameter

10-years average annual production at the country level

No. of harvests/year

Annual production

Total production area

NEXT>>

Select an option for additional production

<< BACK

Crops Component

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Crop Sunflower Soybean Sugarcane Cassava

Select Intermediate Intermediate High High Input level Intermediate Intermediate High High

t/ha 1.73 2.12 109.82 20.83 Soil suitability class:

1 1 1 1 Country average t/ha 1.73 2.12 48.34 16.64

t/year 21,617 160,410 2,548,737 3,458,149 Suitable/very suitable t/ha 2.29 2.77 109.82 20.83

ha 12,495 75,665 23,208 166,018 Moderately suitable t/ha 1.57 1.76 80.25 16.75

Planned production t/year 10,621 76,000 2,300,000 3,000,000

Area of production ha 6,139 35,849 20,943 144,023


Potential production t/year 10,996 84,410 248,737 458,149

Area of production ha 6,356 39,816 2,265 21,995

Planned production for non-bioenergy purposes (food, feed, export, etc.)

Potential production for bioenergy

No. of harvests/year

Input level

Intensified production Potential yields for rainfed agricultural production (based on GAEZ)

(Potential production on the same area with increased yields)

Potential production

Total production area

Intensified yield

Clear data

Intermediate Intermediate High High

Natural Resources Module: example of

suitability/availability map

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InstructionsUse white cells to input

data

Grey cel ls are used for

calculations Sugarcane cassava stalk

Biomass Definition

Feedstock 1 Feedstock 2 Feedstock 3 Feedstock 4

Biodiesel Biodiesel Ethanol Ethanol

Feedstock Sunflower Soybean Sugarcane Cassava

Feedstock available (t/year) 10,996 84,410 142,130 458,149

Feedstock cost (cost of production) - Own production (USD/t) $ 200.00 $ 240.00 $ 88.00 $ 60.00

Feedstock cost (market price) - Outgrower (USD/t) $ 300.00 $ 340.00 $ 100.00 $ 70.00

Feedstock storage cost (USD/t/year) $ 1.00 $ 1.00 $ 1.00 $ 1.00

General Inputs

Chemical inputs*Biodiesel Inputs USD/t Ethanol Inputs USD/t Ethanol Inputs USD/t

Methanol $ 3,000 Ammonia $ 888 Lime $ 88

Sodium Hydroxide $ 666 Yeast $ 444 Alpha-amylase $ 99

Hexane $ 88 Sulfuric acid $ 666 Glucoamylase $ 99

* http://www.icis.com/chemicals/channel-info-chemicals-a-z/

Utilities Units

DATA ENTRY SHEET FOR LIQUID BIOFUELS

Country :Malawi

Biodiesel

Sunflower

Biodiesel

Soybean

Ethanol

Sugarcane Cassava

Ethanol

Production

Cost 4

Production

Cost 4Production

Cost 3

Production

Cost 3Production

Cost 2

Production

Cost 2Production

Cost 1

Production

Cost 1

Data EntryData Entry Biofuel Process DescriptionBiofuel Process DescriptionBiofuel DemandBiofuel Demand

End of Use Option Module: Transport tool

Biomass Definition

Feedstock 1 Feedstock 2 Feedstock 3 Feedstock 4

Ethanol Ethanol Please Select Please Select

Feedstock Sugarcane Cassava

Feedstock Available (t/year) 248,737 50,000

Ethanol

Sugarcane

Ethanol

Cassava

Please Select

Please Select

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UtilitiesHeat Carrier $ 88.00 USD/t

Water $ 66.00 USD/m3

Electricity $ 33.00 USD/KWh

Labour Units

Unskilled Worker $ 55.00 USD/person/h

Skilled Worker $ 66.00 USD/person/h

Miscellaneous Cost (%) 8%

Transportation Units Truck capacities Units

Feedstock (farm to plant) $ 8.00 USD/t/km Truck (Solids) 9 t

Product (plant to distribution point) $ 9.00 USD/t/km Tanker truck (liquid) 9 L

Storage Units

Biodiesel storage cost $ 9.00 USD/L/year Storage rate of Biodiesel 9%

Ethanol storage cost $ 9.00 USD/L/year Storage rate of Ethanol 9%

Other costsGeneral and Administrative (%) 9%

Plant Overhead (%) 9%

Maintenance Cost (%) 9%

Price of co-products Units Units

Raw Glycerol $ 9.00 USD/t DDGS $ 9.00 USD/t

Meal $ 9.00 USD/t

Price of transportation fuels Units Units

Diesel $ 9.00 USD/L Biodiesel $ 9.00 USD/L

Gasoline $ 9.00 USD/L Ethanol $ 9.00 USD/L

Financial parametersDiscount rate (%) 9% Change in labor cost (%)

Loan interest rate (%) 9% Change in feedstock cost (%)

Loan term (years) 9 Change in cost of chemical inputs (%)

Change in investment cost (%)

Change in product price (%)

5 ML/year 9%

25 ML/year 9%

50 ML/year 9%

100 ML/year

Loan ratio

General Inputs

Chemical inputs*

Utilities

Labour

Transportation

Storage

Other costs

Price of co-products

Price of transportation fuels

Financial parameters

Feedstock cost (cost of production) - Own production (USD/t) $ 14.00 $ 38.30

Feedstock cost (market price) - Outgrower (USD/t) $ 35.00 $ 90.00

Feedstock storage cost (USD/t/year) $ 10.00 $ 10.00

Number of sugarcane-based ethanol plants

potentially supplied

Malawi

27

Sugarcane available for bioenergy248,737 t/year

77 51 33

Techno-economic analysis:

Employment generation in biofuel supply chain

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Feedstock

production options:

• Outgrower: 100% smallholders

• Own production:100% processing facility

• Mixed: 40:60

Comparison Fossil fuel basis - Net Importer Option (USD/L Gasoline

Equivalent)

Scenario 1 (Estate) - Fossil fuel Comparison

$ 1.72

$ 1.05 $ 1.04 $ 1.02 $ 1.56

$ 0.95 $ 0.94 $ 0.92

Gasoline FOB

price + Transport

$ 1.95

$ -

$ 1.00

$ 2.00

$ 3.00

5 ML 25 ML 50 ML 100 ML

Techno-economic analysis:

Product cost of biofuels

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Scenario 2 (Mixed) - Fossil fuel Comparison

Scenario 3 (Outgrowers) - Fossil fuel Comparison

$ 1.89

$ 1.21 $ 1.20 $ 1.19 $ 1.71

$ 1.10 $ 1.09 $ 1.07

Gasoline FOB

price + Transport

$ 1.95

$ -

$ 1.00

$ 2.00

$ 3.00

5 ML 25 ML 50 ML 100 ML

$ 2.13

$ 1.46 $ 1.45 $ 1.43 $ 1.93

$ 1.32 $ 1.31 $ 1.30

Gasoline FOB

price + Transport

$ 1.95

$ -

$ 1.00

$ 2.00

$ 3.00

5 ML 25 ML 50 ML 100 ML

BEFS Rapid Appraisal and Tenure

The BEFS Rapid Appraisal (RA) includes guidance on the

prevention and management of risks related to land tenure in the

context of bioenergy development.

relevant for

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This guidance is relevant for:

• areas considered for agricultural extensification for bioenergy feedstock production;

• areas where a land transaction may take place in order to produce bioenergy feedstock, regardless of whether a crop change is involved or not; and

• forest concessions.

BEFS Rapid Appraisal and Tenure

The tenure-related guidance provided by the BEFS RA is based

on the FAO Voluntary Guidelines on Tenure Governance and

consists of:

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• Guiding questions for national / local authorities responsible for tenure systems and for the allocation of tenure rights and related procedures; and

• Guiding questions and indicators for investors / operators, on the avoidance, minimization and management of physical and economic displacement.

BEFS Rapid Appraisal: Implementation status and next steps

July 2013: Pilot-testing in Malawi

January 2014: Pilot-testing in The Philippines

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January 2014: Pilot-testing in The Philippines

April 2014:

- Final version released (in English, French and Spanish)

- Help desk to respond to countries’ requests

established

Thank You

http://www.fao.org/energy/befs/en/

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http://www.fao.org/energy/befs/en/

PLEASE DO NOT HESITATE TO CONTACT US:

E-mail: [email protected]

[email protected]


An Example

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An Example

Outputs of the Natural Resources Module

• Heating and cooking

– Feedstock potentially available

(crop residues, livestock residues, wood residues)

• Rural electrification


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(crop residues, wood residues, oil crops)

• Transport


– Profitability of feedstock production (farmers’ perspective)

These are the inputs for the techno-economic and

socioeconomic analyses of the selected bioenergy pathways

Wood and woody residues availability

From Forestry and

wood processing industry

Assessment of additional theoretical potential for bioenergy useAssessment of additional theoretical potential for bioenergy use

Based on:

-The forest increment and existing harvesting

- The existing woodfuel use

- The existing wood processing capacities

- The existing use of processing residues

Considering:

Sustainability of forest management

36

Assessment of additional theoretical potential for bioenergy useAssessment of additional theoretical potential for bioenergy use

Additional forest harvesting for energy

Non-used residues from wood processing industry

Based on:

- Existing forest stocks

- Existing harvesting rates

- Trends in forest cover

and carbon stocks

Based on:

- Processing capacities and

production

- Used processing technologies

- Current use of processing

residues

Non-used residues from forest harvesting

Based on:

- Existing forest stocks and

harvesting rates

- Trends in forest cover

and carbon stocks

- Current use of forest

residues

Results:

Forest harvesting for energy

Residues from forest harvesting

Residues from wood processing industry

potentially available

wood for additional harvesting


residues for bioenergy


residues for bioenergy

Crop production profitability (crop budget)

Calculation of costs for crop production per hectare

Based on:

- Yield and Input level

- Country specific prices of inputs (i.e. seeds

and fertizers), labour, land rental, etc.

Considering:

Input level of current production

Potential yields (GAEZ)

37

Assessment of production costs, profitability and labour intensity per hectare Assessment of production costs, profitability and labour intensity per hectare

User defined data

Based on:

- Current yields and costs

- Defined increased yields

Default data

Based on:

- Potential yields (GAEZ) for three

levels of inputs (low, intermediate

and high)

Results:

Intensification (increase of yields)

Change of crops Extensification

Comparison of costs and

profitability among

different agricultural

management system

Comparison of

profitability among

selected crops

Costs and profitability

in regard to selected

management system

and expected yields

Dedicated energy plantations

Considering:

Key species of e.g. Populus (temperate climate),

Acacia (tropics)

Selection of potential bioenergy tree species

(up to 4)

Based on:

- Globally most important plantation species

and respective harvestable volume

- Most common management systems

Assessment of production costs, profitability and labour intensity per hectareAssessment of production costs, profitability and labour intensity per hectare

38

Assessment of production costs, profitability and labour intensity per hectarein one rotation length

Assessment of production costs, profitability and labour intensity per hectarein one rotation length

Costs and revenues in one rotation length

Net Present Value and Internal Rate of Return

Various harvestable products during rotation length

Based on:

- Selected species

- Selected management system and rotation length

- Costs of inputs

- Intensity and costs of labour

- Foreseen harvestable products and the respective revenues

Results:Setting up and management

of plantationsHarvestable products

Comparison of

internal rate of return for selected combinations of

species and management systems

Type of products (e.g.

fuelwood, charcoal,

industrial wood…)

Potential revenues

Livestock residues

Manure from dairy cows, swine and poultry

Assessment of collectable manure for biogas production Assessment of collectable manure for biogas production

Based on:

- Number of animals in commercial and

household level production

- Livestock feeding systems

Considering:

Number of animals per household

39

Assessment of collectable manure for biogas production on the household and commercial level of livestock production

Assessment of collectable manure for biogas production on the household and commercial level of livestock production

Based on:

- Number of cows and/or pigs per

household

- Feeding system

- IPPC default value for manure

production per head per day

Based on:

- Number of animals in commercial

production

- Feeding system

- IPPC default value for manure

production per head per day

Results:

Amount (t) of manure per year that can be used for biogas production.

Commercial productionHousehold animal keeping

Natural Resources Module: Crop residues

Selection of crop residue

(up to 4)

Assessment of potential for bioenergy useAssessment of potential for bioenergy use

Based on:

- Agricultural production

- Residue-to-Crop ratio

- Current and planned use of residues

Considering:

- Location of residue generation

- Soil protection

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Based on:

- Potential yields (GAEZ)

- Foreseen level of inputs

- Planned production of the crops

- Area of production

- Use of residues for non-energy

purposes

Based on:

- Current production of crops the which

residues can be used for bioenergy

- Current average yields

- Area of production

- Current use of residues for non-

energy purposes

Assessment of potential for bioenergy useAssessment of potential for bioenergy use

Current yields Increased yields (projected)

Results:

Tons of residues that can be used for bioenergy production

Results:

Tons of residues that can be used for bioenergy production

Natural Resources Module: Crops

Considering:

- Key food crop eg. maize

- Key export crop eg. tobacco

Selection of crops for liquid biofuel production

(up to 4)

Assessment of potential for additional productionAssessment of potential for additional production

Based on:

- Agricultural production

- Land suitability and potential yields

- Net trade position

41

Assessment of potential for additional productionAssessment of potential for additional production

Intensification (yield increase)

Based on:




- Current and planned

consumption for

non-bioenergy purposes

Change of crops

Based on:

- Current and planned

production of crops that are

to be replaced




Extensification

Based on:

- Existing land-use and

trends in land-use change

- Foreseen expansion of

arable land

- Expected yields

- Foreseen input level

Results:

Additional production (t) of the selected crops

What are the main

considerations?

Rural Electrification:

SVO, Combustion and Gasification

What

Feedstocks?

What processing

technologies and

Products?

SVOOilseeds

42

Syngas

3 Typical plant sizes

(10, 40, 100 kW)

Boilers

Crop/ Woody

Residues

Plantations

4 Biodigestor sizes according to number of

animals

What are the main assumptions?

Heating and Cooking: Biogas/briquettes/Charcoal

What Feedstocks?

What processing technologies and

Products?

BiogasManure

43

Crop/ Woody

Residues

Plantations

Briquette

Charcoal

4 typical production rates: 4 kg/day, 40 kg/day,

400 kg/day and 3000 kg/day

8 kiln Options (1 Traditional and 7

improved technologies)

4 Typical plant sizes (5 , 25, 50, 100ML)

Key Assessment Features

Transport : Liquid Biofuels

What Feedstocks? Biofuel Type

Biodiesel Oilseed Crops

44

Smallholder involvement: 3 Scenarios: 100 percent smallholder, 100 percent

large scale, mixed scheme

Molasses not considered

Sugar and Starchy Crops

Ethanol

befs rapid appraisal · 2013-12-16 · charcoal, briquettes, biogas country specific evidence ......

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