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Chapter 11

Write the following words on the sticky notes and then place them in the correct column on your handout

Keep these out. We will come back to these.Nationalism

Imperialism

Militarism

Alliance Wilson’s 14 Points

Propaganda

Trench Warfare

War of Attrition

The Lusitania

Armistice Reparation Treaty of Versailles

Read the question s for the WWI SummaryRead the WWI Summary Quietly & answer

the questionsWhen you have finished reading stand up

quietly.

IMPERIALISM

SummaryRally Round Robin to discuss the questions

Person with the shortest hair will go first.

1 min for each question.Please DO NOT move to the next question until

the buzzer sounds.

SILENT DISCUSSIONHow did Nationalism, Militarism, Alliance

systems and Imperialism cause WWI? Think about the definition of each word and how it

could cause “The Great War”.

WRITE YOUR RESPONSES ON THE DESK.

Class Discussion

What causes the Great War?

Tracing Themes- Read the following excerpt from your book and write a short essay on How Imperialism played a major role in the staring of WWI?Use previous knowledge and make sure you back up

your opinion with facts. Make sure to use MLA format for your heading.

In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, Britain and France had already built large empires. New industrial powers-such as Germany and the US-also joined the scramble for colonies. Control over colonies often led to conflict between imperial nations. For example, in 1898, France and Britain nearly went to war over colonies in Africa. Also in 1898, the US took several colonies from Spain as a result of the Spanish-American war. In 1905, Japan defeated Russia in a brief war for control of Korea and Manchuria.

Explain the following…The BolshvicksSchlieffen PlanTreaty of VersaillesOutcomes of the war (3)

WWI ultimately caused ______________________?Was the “Great War” great? Explain your

response.

You can rewatch the John Green Video to help you.(google John Green World War I crash course)

You know the drill.

LET’S READ!

12 minutes

Memorize the Rap (you will write this on your test & possible recite to the class)

Paste it in your History Notebook on pg. 19

This is on my website to help you learn it at home.

“Preview”- WWI begins What are the CAUSES of WWI? (World Wide)

The underlying causes that created a powder keg in Europe that was ready to explode.

1. Nationalism-devotion to the interests and culture of one’s nation (often caused competition and rivalries)

2. Imperialism- extending political control over various peoples of the world

3. Militarism-development of armed forces and their use as a tool of diplomacy (wanted a stronger armed force than those of any potential enemy)

4. Alliance System- friendship system among countries

“Preview”- WWI beginsWho was friends with who? What countries

fought together?Allies (Triple Entente) vs. Central Powers (Triple

Alliance) France, Britain, Russia Germany, Austria-Hungary,

Ottoman Empire

“Preview”- WWI beginsWhat sparked the keg (Europe), which would

lead to the start of the war?Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand,

heir to the Austrian throneThis leads to a domino effect

Austria-Hungry declares war on SerbiaGermany was obligated to support A-H so declared

war on Russia and FranceGermany invaded BelgiumBritain declared war on Germany and Austria Hungry

“Preview”- WWI beginsWhat happens at the beginning of the war?

Read p. 374&376 (3 paragraphs)

Read for understanding a be able to paraphrase the 3 paragraphs.

“Preview”- WWI beginsWhat is TRENCH WARFARE?

Military operations in which opposing forces attack and counterattack from systems of fortified ditches rather than on an open battlefield.

Fighting in Trenches James Lovegrave, interviewed in 1993.

Life in the trenches was hell on earth. Lice, rats, trench foot, trench mouth, where the gums rot and you lose your teeth. And of course dead bodies everywhere

Fighting in Trenches Henry Gregory of 119th Machine Gun company was

interviewed after the war about life in the trenches. One night, as we lay in bed after doing our two hours'

sentry - we did two hours on and two hours off - my friend Jock said 'damn this, I cannot stand it any longer!' He took off his tunic - we slept in these - then he took off his jersey, then his shirt. He put his shirt in the middle of the dug-out floor and put his jersey and tunic on again. As we sat up in bed watching the shirt he had taken off and put it on the floor it actually lifted; it was swarming with lice.

Fighting in TrenchesSome of these rats grew extremely large. One soldier

wrote: "The rats were huge. They were so big they would eat a wounded man if he couldn't defend himself." These rats became very bold and would attempt to take food from the pockets of sleeping men. Two or three rats would always be found on a dead body. They usually went for the eyes first and then they burrowed their way right into the corpse.

One soldier described finding a group of dead bodies while on patrol: "I saw some rats running from under the dead men's greatcoats, enormous rats, fat with human flesh. My heart pounded as we edged towards one of the bodies. His helmet had rolled off. The man displayed a grimacing face, stripped of flesh; the skull bare, the eyes devoured and from the yawning mouth leapt a rat."

“Preview”- WWI beginsWhat is neutrality?

The want to not get involved in a war 3,000 miles away. Individuals had different thoughts

Why is neutrality questioned?

SocialistCriticized the war as a capitalist and imperialist struggle b/t Germany and England to control markets and colonies in China, Africa, and the Middle East

PacifistsWar was evil and that the US should set an example of peace to the World

American MamaDidn’t want to send her son off to kill someone else son.

“Preview”- WWI Begins

Why is Neutrality questioned continued…US citizens still had ties

to the nations that they emigrated from

America’s economic ties with the Allies were far stronger than ties with the Central Powers

“Preview”- WWI beginsHow do the American people feel about the

war at this point?Majority favor a victory for the Allies but didn’t

want to join in on the fightWhat is the purpose of the British Blockade?

To stop the passage of German ships carrying weapons and other military supplies (blockaded the German coast)Eventually this would include food supplies

Why did this anger the United States?Threatened the freedom of the seasPrevented American goods from reaching

German ports

“Preview”- WWI BeginsHow did Germany respond to the British

Blockade?A counter blockade by U-boats (German word

for Submarine)Any British or Allied ship found in waters around

Britain was sunk

Worst disaster was the sinking of the Lusitania (128 Am. Died)This angered the US but we didn’t respond with the

militaryGERMANY REFUSED TO STOP SINKING SHIPS AFTER

PROMISING TO STOP WHEN PRESIDENT WILSON ASKED

Who won the election of 1916?Woodrow Wilson on the slogan of “He Kept Us

Out of War”He beat Charles Hughes in a close race

How would Wilson immediately ,once in office encourage a world of peace?Asked for all nations to join in a “league for

peace” that would work to extend democracy, maintain freedom of the seas, and reduce armaments

Why does American go to war in 1917?Germany promised to continue to sink ships with the

practice of unrestricted submarine warfare This included all ships in British waters whether neutral or

hostileWilson was concerned but would wait for “actual actions”

before the US declared warWhat is the Zimmerman Note?

Telegram from the German foreign minister to the German ambassador in Mexico

Was intercepted by British agents before it reached MexicoTelegram proposed an alliance with Mexico and promised

that if war with the US broke out that Germany would support them and help them recover lost territory in Texas, NM, and Arizona

New York Times May 8, 1915/Ship torpedoed May 7, 1915

How did the Russian Revolution play a role in the US entry of the War?The Russian monarchy was replaced with a

representative governmentAmerican entry was now a necessity because the

war was a war of democracies against brutal monarchies

How did America act to all of these issues?

Wilson believed that the US had to join the war to pave the way for future order of peace and freedom.

US Prepares

for WarAnxious Americas held their breath as the US prepared to enter the war

Follow the instruction on the Causes of WWI activity sheet.

Complete all parts of the sheet .Cut out the Word Web and paste it on pg. 20

of your history NBCut out the questions and the answers and

paste them as well

Create a chart on pg.22 of your History Notebook and list the two sides during the war.

Also cut out and tape your WWI Rap here.Paraphrase each line of the wrap

Follow the instructions on the American reasons for entry in the war activity sheet.

Complete all parts of the activity.Cut out the chart and the questions and paste

it on pg. 23 of you History Notebook

U.S. Declares War!April 2, 1917, Wilson asks Congress to

declare war against GermanyWilson states “the world must be made

safe for democracy.”April 6, Wilson signs the declaration of

war. Americans begin to fear Germany’s

power (economic & military) America is pushed into the deadliest war

the world has yet seen.

“Preview”- American Changes the WarWas America ready for the war they had entered?

NOOnly 200,000 men were in the service and few had combat

experience

How did the US build an army that would be able to stand up to Europe?Selective Service Act:1917- required men to register with the government in

order to be randomly selected for military service.By the end of 1918, 24 million men had registered under

the act.3 million were called up.About 400,000 African Americans served in the armed

forces. Most in France Segregated units

“Preview”- American Changes the War

How did the US transport food, men and equipment over thousands of miles of ocean?

(remember the Germans were participating in SUBMARINE WAREFARE)Mass production (four crucial steps)

Adjusted the way that ships were created so that they could make them very fast and durable

“Preview”- American Changes the WarWhat are the new weapons used in WWI?

Machine guns- increased to 600 rounds per min.

AirplanesPoison gastanks

New Military TechnologyNew Military TechnologyThe new industrialism meant new advances

in the science of warfareRapid-firing rifles, improved explosives,

motorized Gatlin guns, and enormous artillery pieces, submarines and tanks

Airplanes, poison gas and trench warfare strategies

“Preview”- American Changes the WarHow did America turn the tide of the War?

A convoy system- put a protection up to allow merchant ships to get back and fourth across the Atlantic Ocean

“Preview”- American Changes the WarWhat did America bring to the Allied forces?

Fresh troops that were enthusiastic about winning the war

Lets explain fighting “OVER THERE”The American Expeditionary Force (AEL) led by

John J. PershingTroops came from all over the US and were called

Doughboys Shocked by the unexpected horrors of the battlefield and

astonished by the new weapons and tactics of warfare

The War at a StalemateStalemateWhy was the war at a stalemate?

Both sides were dug in while engaging in the horrors of trench warfare

During the stalemate, the frontline moved only a few miles for months at a time

Neither side was able to gain ground, thousands of troops were lost on both sides

Americans in France1918, U.S. troops arrive in France in

great numbers (General Pershing)American troops had an independent

role and also helped British and French troops

Strength & Energy of fresh U.S. troops broke the stalemate and turned the tide of the war toward the allies

How did the U.S. Entry Break the Stalemate?

“Preview”- American Changes the WarHow did the US stop Germany from

advancing and moving closer to a victory?

The War EndsGermany realized that since the US entry into

the war, it could not win The German Kaiser abdicated his throneArmistice is reached (Agreement to stop

fighting)The shooting stopped at 11am on November

11th 1918. (11th hour of the 11th day of the 11th month)

“Lets Apply It”Research the following and put it on pg. 24 of your

notebook

Fill in a web like the one below to show how Americans responded to the war.

Why was the entire population affected by America’s entry into World War I?

“Lets Apply It”Research the following and put it on pg. 25 of

your notebookIn what ways did WWI represent a

frightening new kind of warfare? Think about:

the casualty figures, new military technology, shell shock

List the new technology used during this war

Happy Friday!

Please Pick up a US History Book.

“Preview”- War At HomeWho needs to get involved with the war in order for

the US to be successful? Soldiers only? The entire economy had to be refocused on the war

effort

How did Wilson gain power because of WWI?

The switch from producing consumer goods to producing war supplies was too complicated and important a job for private industries to handle on its on.

Government and Business had to collaborate in effort which expanded the governments power

“Preview”- War At HomeWhat are some effects of the government expanding in

power? War Industries Board- (regulated businesses)

encouraged companies to use mass-production techniques to increase efficiency, urged them to eliminate waste by standardizing productsProduction increased 20% of the WIB

Railroad Administration Fuel Administration- monitored coal supplies and

rationed gasoline and heating oil Food Administration- “gospel of the clean plate”,

meatless, sweetless, wheatless, and porkless days, “victory gardens” (instead of rationing food)

Economy rose and wages increased

“Preview”- War At HomeLook at the graphs. P. 389Compare the graph of average income with

the at showing the consumer price index.What happened to prices and income?Why did the economy grow during the war?Why do you think income and prices

continued to rise after the war?

“Preview”- War At HomeOnce the government had control of the

economy, what was their major tasks?Raising money Convincing the public to support the war

How was the war financed? (35.5 billion spent)1/3 raised through taxes

Progressive taxes (more money make higher your taxes), war-profits tax, higher taxes on tobacco, liquor and luxury goods

Public borrowing (“Liberty Loan” and Victory Loans)

“Preview”- War At HomeWhat is propaganda?

Biased communication designed to influence people’s thoughts and actions

Used to popularize the war

What is the nation’s first propaganda agency? Committee on Public Information (CPI) Led by George Creel

Creel persuaded people to paint, write, and speak about anything related to the war: draft, rationing, bond drives, victory gardens and topics like “Why we are Fighting” and “The meaning of America”

“Preview”- War At Home“Once lead this people into war and they’ll forget there ever was such a

thing as tolerance. To fight you must be brutal and ruthless, and the spirit of ruthless brutality will enter into the very fiber of our national life, infecting Congress, the courts, the policemen on the beat, the man in the street. Conformity would be the only virtue, and every man who refused to conform would have to pay the penalty.”

-Cobb of “the World”

With your group read the quote and discuss what it means to you. Make sure to use your knowledge of WWI to make your conclusions.

Write down your thoughts on the desk. Each group member should have at least one thought.

How were Civil Liberties attacked during the war?Conformity was a necessity once the war was

declaredCivil liberties attacks erupted across the states

German and A-H born emigrants were attackedWrapped in the German flag and lynchedGerman food names were changed (hamburger called

salisbury steakSmeared them in tarStopped teacher the German Language in schoolsFired themRefused to play Bach, Beethoven, Mozart

Espionage and Sedition ActPassed by Congress in 1917 and 1918

A person could be fined up to $10,000 and sentenced to 20 years in jail for interfering with the war effort or for saying anything disloyal, profane, or abusive about the government or the war effort.

Eugene V. Debs was sentenced 10 years for speaking out against the war and the draft

Industrial Workers of the World were accused of sabotaging the war effort because the urged workers to strike for better working conditions and higher pay.

“Preview”- War At Home

Schenck v. United States (1919)

9-0 vote in favor of conviction under the Espionage Act of 1917

"The question in every case is whether the words used are used in such circumstances and are of such a nature as to create a clear and present danger that they will bring about the substantive evils that Congress has a right to prevent."

Justice Holmes:“Clear & Present Danger”

How did the war change society? How were African Americans and women affected?African American support for the war was

dividedW.E.B. DuBois supported the war along with most

of the populationThis led to the “Great Migration” of black to the

northWith most of the men off to war this provided a large

number of job openings for blacks

Women… they took on the role of the men- railroad workers, cooks, dockworkers, and bricklayers, mined coal and built ships, and also continued the women jobsBecause of the role they played during the war…

How did the government reward them in 1920The 20th AMENDMENT WAS PASSED (Yay)

In the fall of 1918, Woodrow Wilson asked In the fall of 1918, Woodrow Wilson asked Congress for support in the quest for women’s Congress for support in the quest for women’s right to voteright to vote

While many still opposed women suffrage, While many still opposed women suffrage, careful organization and planning by women’s careful organization and planning by women’s clubs produced demonstrations and arguments clubs produced demonstrations and arguments that the government could no longer ignorethat the government could no longer ignore

The Nineteenth Amendment, securing a The Nineteenth Amendment, securing a woman’s right to vote, was ratified in 1920woman’s right to vote, was ratified in 1920

At the End of WWI A New Battle Rages At the End of WWI A New Battle Rages Against A Global PandemicAgainst A Global PandemicThe fall of 1919, brought the end of the Great War, The fall of 1919, brought the end of the Great War,

and the beginning of a Spanish Flu epidemic that and the beginning of a Spanish Flu epidemic that claimed the lives of over 43,000 American claimed the lives of over 43,000 American servicemen, 675,000 Americans overall, and 40 servicemen, 675,000 Americans overall, and 40 million people worldwide in the space of little more million people worldwide in the space of little more than two yearsthan two years

On pg.26 in your Notebook title it War At Home.Draw a chart like this one.

List some of the changes that the war brought about for each group.

Explain how each group benefited from or was disadvantaged by these changes.

Changes Brought About by the War

African Americans

Women

Immigrants

On pg. 27 in your Notebook title it Promoting the WarExplain propaganda and why it is important.Explain the Espionage and Sedition Act (Use your book

and/or notes)Explain how these acts were challenged. (use pg. 386)Draw and example of a propaganda poster (put on computer paper)These 4 bullets can be split up among the group but the

information must be put in each notebook.We will present the information that you research.

Each member must present a section.

“Preview”-Wilson’s Fight for PeaceWhat is his plan?

Head to Europe and present a plan for Peace- (14 pts)Points to avoid warPoints about boundariesPoint about settling problems without going to war

(League of Nations)

WilsonGeorges Clemenceau

France

David Lloyd George

BritainUnited States

Victorrio Orlando

Italy

“I can predict with absolute certainty that within another generation there will

be another world war if the nations of the world do not concert the method

by which to prevent it."

Woodrow Wilson, 1919

Created 9 new nations Shifted boundaries of other territoriesCreated 5 areas out of the Ottoman Empire

and gave it to France and Great Britian

TREATY OF VERSAILLESTHE TREATY OVERLOOKED THE

IMPORTANCE OF TREATING ALL NATIONS JUSTLY, INCLUDING THE LOSERS OF A WAR.

ULTIMATELY LEADS 30 YEARS LATER TO WWII.

Why did the US Reject the Treaty of Versailles?Critics of the Treaty believed that the League would

drag the US into future European wars (Senator Henry Cabot Lodge)

Americans were “war weary” and wanted to return to isolationism

Wilson suffered a stroke and was unable to sell the treaty to the people

The US refused to join the League of Nations, making the League a “paper tiger” or weak on the world stage.

•Nationalistic pride•Competition for colonies•Military buildup•Tangled web of alliances

Causes of WWI

Effects of WWI

•Destruction in Europe•Boom in American economy•Suppression of dissent in the U.S.•Allied victory•Defeated empires lose their colonies•The U.S. emerges from the war as a world leader and an economic giant

Domestic Consequences of WWI

Accelerated America’s emergence as the world’s greatest industrial power

Contributed to the movement of African Americans to Northern cities.

Intensified anti-immigrant and anti-radical sentiments among mainstream Americans

Brought over one million women into work force.

Label Pg. 28- Treaty of VersaillesCreate a spider diagram.

Fill in the web with information about the provisions and weaknesses of the Treaty and the opposition to it

Treaty of VersaillesWeaknesses

Provis

ions

Opposition

Read the Point and Counterpoint about the League of Nations.

Compare and Contrast the points on your desk

Answer the following question on Pg. 28 of your notebook under the web

Why do you think that so many Americans opposed the Treaty of Versailles?