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what differentiates an entrepreneur from the rest is their behavior. Nevertheless, attempting to differentiatethe behavior of an entrepreneur from others has thus far proved difficult .

Even though their has been a failure to uncover some homogenous traits, practitioners, scholars, venturecapitalists and financiers consider the entrepreneur to be critical to the success of the firm . Whilst therehas been little substance to the entrepreneurial personality, it seems counterintuitive to ignore individualdifferences . For this reason an alternative approach of how entrepreneurs make decisions was chosen so as

to determine whether this avenue of investigation can provide some clarity in differentiating the behaviorof serial entrepreneurs. Allinson et al (2000) argue that the nature of entrepreneurship and the style of thesuccessful entrepreneur will, by necessity be more intuitive. They argue that entrepreneurs tend to bypassrigorous analysis because they are decisive and appreciate the time value of money and the competitivenature of most markets and industries.

Concept of Intuition:

So what is intuition and why is it important? One argument is that intuition is the ability of an individual toaccess their subconscious mind. Whilst the subconscious mind is able to synthesize up to 50 million bits ofinformation per second the conscious mind is only able to process about 50 bits of information over thesame time (Nrretranders 1999).

Intuition has been strongly associated with various models of pattern recognition, mostly devised bycognitive psychologists. For rationalists, opportunity recognition exists in the external world as complex patterns of observable stimuli . We recognize objects or patterns through a number of interrelatedprocesses. One such process is thefeature-analysis model (Larsen and Budsen 1996 in Baron). This modelsuggests that patterns are identified by their distinctive features. In opportunity recognition this may beeconomic value and newness of a product or service. The drawback with this model is that it is primarilyapplicable to simple patterns.

In contrastprototype models apply to more complex patterns. Through experience we construct prototypemodels that is, what a particular model should look like. Prototypes are the most commonly experiencedobject or patterns of a prototype. For opportunity recognition an entrepreneur may seek centralcharacteristics such as the likelihood of competition, economic value, desirability and other characteristicscritical to their prototype. The likelihood of a match would enable an entrepreneur to conclude whether theopportunity is worth pursuing (Craig & Lindsay 2001 in Baron).

The final model of pattern recognition emphasizes the importance of specific knowledge. It is known as an

exemplar model(Hahn & Chater 1997 in Baron). Hahn & Chater (1997) would argue that an individualwould compare existing opportunities with exemplar models of excellent and poor business opportunities.This fits well with the argument that entrepreneurs just know a good opportunity when they see one.

Simons (1987) intuition is merely the application of ones professional judgment to the situation. It coulduse any of the aforementioned pattern recognition models. Simons makes his point on a Grand ChessMasters ability to make strong moves quickly. He argues that his skill is in his knowledge, acquired bylong experience of the kinds of patterns and clusters of pieces that occur on chessboards. For a ChessMaster a chess board is not an arrangement of 25 pieces but an arrangement of a half a dozen familiar patterns that previous experience recognises. The skills of the manager depend on the same kind ofintuitive skills of chess masters . Interestingly Barnard (1938) does not regard the non-logical processes ofdecision making as magical in any sense, he argues that they are grounded in knowledge and experience.

Taking an information processing perspective, we view intuition as a process by which information

normally outside the range of cognitive processes is sensed and perceived in the body and mind ascertainty of knowledge or feeling (positive or negative) about the totality of a thing distant or yet to

happen (McCraty, Atkinson, & Bradley, 2004a; 2004b) and their experience will raise the physiological

signal levels to possible measurement levels.(Tiller 2001). This thing can be a material object or

event, or a mental construct such as a thought or idea. Often the feeling of certainty is absolutethe

intuition is experienced as beyond question or doubtand the feeling can encompass positive emotions,

such as optimism and excitement, or negative emotions like dread, fear, or terror. This experience of an

immediate, total sense of the thing as a whole is quite unlike the informational processing experience of

normal awareness. In normal awareness, the contents of the mind are updated incrementally, as the


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Interviews with Repeat Entrepreneurs (Fig. 3)

As well as completing the CSI instrument each respondent was interviewed using a semi-structured in-depth interviewing process. Using an agreed interview protocol each interviewee identified and recollectedtheir experience in identifying opportunities and building new firms whilst dealing with difficult businessdecisions. Spiritual and or religious beliefs as well as philanthropic activities were also important aspectsof the interview protocol. The interviews were subsequently transcribed and the content was analyzed(LaPira and Gillin 2006) using a qualitative software program known as NVivo. The content analysisprotocol advocated by was used.

Figure 3 Contributions to Decision Making Cambridge Entrepreneurs

Electro-physiological measures of intuition

Although there is now a voluminous body of rigorous experimental research documenting the phenomenon

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of intuitive perception (see Radins review, 1997a), mainstream science still regards the findings of thesestudies as anomalous (Walach & Schmidt, 2005). Even among those who study it, intuition is viewedlargely as the result of past experiencea function of the unconscious mind accessing existing informationwithin the brain from forgotten experience (Agor, 1984; Eisenhardt & Zbaracki, 1992; Hogarth, 2001;Laughlin, 1997; Lieberman, 2000; Myers, 2002). In presenting a very brief review of the evidence fromstudies that challenge this view,

Ray would you please insert an appropriate review..

I will follow Bernstein (2005) and divide the work on the basis of the kind of intuitive informationtransmission investigated:person-to-person transmission, often referred to as telepathy;place or object-to-

person transmission, also known as extra-sensory perception (ESP) or remote viewing; and future-to-person transmission, involving precognitive perception (thoughts) or presentiment perception (emotions).

Hypothesis for Research on Entrepreneurial Intuition

The more the entrepreneur maintains coherent attentional interest directed to the object of interest, the

greater the psychophysiological systems access to an implicit field of quantum holographic information

and the greater the intuitive foreknowledge about the object of interest. (Bradley 2006)

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHOD

We adopted Radins (1997b) basic experimental protocol. In addition to skin conductance level (SCL) theelectrocardiogram (ECG) for heart rate variability (beat-to-beat decelerations/accelerations) measurementwas included. These measures have all been used to index specific aspects of sensory informationprocessing, and can be interpreted according to well-established operational criteria (see Discussion).

The termphysiological coherence is used in documenting a physiologic mode frequently associated withsustained positive emotions. This mode encompasses distinct but related physiologic phenomena includingentrainment, resonance, and synchronization, which reflect more efficient and harmonious interactionsamong the bodys subsystems (McCraty and Childre, 2002, 2004; Tiller et al., 1996). Correlates ofphysiologic coherence include: increased synchronization between the two branches of the autonomicnervous system, a shift in autonomic balance toward increased parasympathetic activity, increased heart- brain synchronization, increased vascular resonance, and entrainment between diverse physiologicoscillatory systems. The coherent mode is reflected by a smooth, sine wave-like pattern in the heart

rhythms and a narrow-band, high-amplitude peak in the low frequency range of the heart rate variabilitypower spectrum, at a frequency of about 0.1 Hz (Tiller et al., 1996).

McCraty, (2002) and McCraty and Atkinson, (2003) have previously found that increased heart rhythmcoherence correlates with significant improvements in performance on tasks requiring attentional focus andsubtle discrimination which may be important elements of the intuitive effect studied here.

Participants:

Repeat entrepreneurs were chosen for this research because they are most likely to have demonstrated that

their success is not due to luck alone, they have beaten the odds against success . Uncovering opportunities

for a new venture is a pre-occupation for them. Shapero (1975) argues that we all have antennae and that

repeat entrepreneurs have theirs tuned to certain frequencies opportunity recognition frequencies.

In this research repeat entrepreneurs are classified as those entrepreneurs that have/had two or more

successful ventures. For the purpose of maintaining some consistency in the selection of respondents for

this research only owners of firms with less than 199 employees were chosen. We used the criteria set

down by the Australian Bureau of Statistics definition of a Small to Medium Enterprise, (SME).

In the last 20 years the Cambridge (UK) Technopole has become a beacon for regional developmentincorporating a strong University presence, high technology repeat entrepreneurs, cluster developments


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and associated access to capital. (Segal, Quince and Wicksteed, 1985; Herriot, 2003; Myint, Vyakarnamand New, 2004; Library House, 2004)). According to Walter Herriot (2003) at St Johns InnovationCentre, twenty years ago Cambridge was a market town with a world class university, a population of100,000 and a business infrastructure that was immature. Herriot claims there were only 25 knowledge-based (high tech) businesses in the City employing about 2000 people and no independent stock marketlisted companies. Of particular interest to this reaearch is the role and contribution of entrepreneurialleaders to the continuing growth of the Technopole and what drives their propensity for using spiritualintelligence and intuition in strategic innovation. Herriot (2003) reports the Greater Cambridge Partnershipcan identify some 3500 high tech. businesses in the Cambridge area, employing 50,000 staff and making acontribution of 7.6 billion to the UK economy.

The majority of high technology companies that have shaped the success of the Cambridge cluster areconnected to a handful of repeat entrepreneurs, business angels and venture capitalists as their involvementin developing new ventures have been repeatedly evidenced on the charts (Myint, Vyakarnam & New2004).

Based on the Myint et al (2004) data, a set of 10 repeat entrepreneurs was chosen for the pilot experimentaltesting of intuition and representing a cross section of high-technology businesses.

Testing Procedure:

A number of Researchers have explored physiologic predictors of future events by investigating whetherthe human autonomic nervous systems can unconsciously respond to randomly selected future emotionalstimuli. Using rigorous experimental protocols it was found that the body responds to a future emotionallyarousing stimulus 4 7 seconds prior to experiencing the stimulus (Bierman, 2000; Radin, 1997b; 2003Spottiswoode and May 2003) in . McCraty et al(2004) has also found compelling evidence that the bodiespsycho physiologic systems receive and process information about a future event before the event actuallyhappens.

Ten participants took part in this pilot experiment. Each participant had demonstrated a capacity forintuition with the self generation of a genuine response to opportunity recognition. In the experimentalsessions for the pilot study, each participant was seated in a comfortable chair. A video monitor waslocated approximately one meter in front of the participant at eye level, and a computer mouse wasattached for the participant to click when ready to initiate each trial (Fig. 4)

Figure 4 Testing Set-up.

D a t a L o g g e r

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The following hardware was used in the experimental protocol. The inter-beat Heart Rate & DC skinconductance module (data logger) was designed and constructed by David Simpson B.appSc. Ma. appScfrom the Brain Sciences Institute. The Random Number Generator is an Araneus Alea 1, which provideshigh quality, unbiased and uncorrelated random numbers that pass a number of stringent statistical testsincluding the Diehard andNISTtest
http://csrc.nist.gov/rng/http://csrc.nist.gov/rng/http://csrc.nist.gov/rng/http://csrc.nist.gov/rng/


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To record SCL., surface silver-silver chloride electrodes??? were attached to the pads of the participantsnondominant hand on the index and second fingers. An isotonic skin conductance electrode gel was usedto improve electrical contact. The signal was amplified by a .David Simpson to insert

The ECG was measured using a lead-one configuration. A David to insert.. amplifier was used to detectthe signals. A positive electrode were adhered to the upper left arm and upper right arm with a negativeelectrode attached to the bottom right leg to determine when the blood pressure waves.

Participants were told that they were participating in a trial to test their capacity for making reliableinvestment decisions with minimal data and analysis. The protocol involves a two step process; a roulettetest followed, by an investment decision in a potential growth company.

Using the principle of a roulette wheel, this test is based on choosing an investment amount (bet) and thenmaking a choice of red or black and comparing the result with that generated by a random generatedchoice. The participants have the option of choosing from four investment amounts, ranging from 5-10cents. Once they select the button of their choice the test begins. The sound of a roulette wheel istriggered after six seconds. The result of each run is tallied on the bottom LHS of the screen so that theparticipant knows whether he/she is winning or losing and by how much. After a cool down period amessage appears to repress the button. This experiment was replayed 25 times before the participantmoves to the next stage, the company investment experimentThe second half of the test (Fig. 5) involves the participants making a choice on an investment decision in a

potential growth company. Sixty actual firms were chosen for this part of the experiment and entered andsaved on the computer as a database. Twenty-six of the firms failed and thirty-four of the firms weresuccessful at the time of selecting the cases. Firms were chosen from a range of industries, countries andlevels of failures and successes. Where at all possible mixtures of both successful and failed firms for thesame industry were included so that the participant could not presume that a firm in a particular industry ismore likely than not to fail or succeed.

The participant is presented with limited information, enough to interest the serial entrepreneur but notenough information to identify the company cognitively. Under conditions of uncertainly such as limitedinformation Allison et. Al. (2000) found intuitive decisions were more likely to occur.

The limited information presented was:

Type of industry

Private or public ownershipManagement team ie: professional management team or entrepreneur

Current Funding

The participant has an investment bank of $100,000, they may choose either to invest or not-invest aproportion of the total bank. After the participant has made his/her choice according to the investmentoptions available, the randomly selected company appears after a 6-sec delay whereby the computerconfirms the company as a success or failure and tallies the results of the investment.

The protocol Figure 5 seeks an investment decision from the entrepreneur following the presentation of a

randomly generated potential high growth company (Gillin, Lapira & Scicluna 2006, Gillin and Atkinson

2006).

Figure 5 Format of Test Protocol


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Data and Statistical Analysis:

Skin conductance measures. David to rework this section To reduce the data generated by sampling at 256samples per second, the low-frequency skin conductance channel was resampled at 8 samples per second.Because measurement focused on how the physiology changed from the moment a given trial was initiated,

each sample in each trial was transformed into a percentage difference score relative to the baseline SCLvalue at the moment the participant pressed the button to initiate the given trial (button press). Tocompute the percentage difference score (D), the first data point in each trial was subtracted from each ofthe 152 points (19 seconds X 8 samples per seconds) in the series. Then each point in the series wasdivided by the original value of the first data point of the series to yield the percentage difference series, inwhich the first point is always zero.

Heart rate variability: David to rework this para. ECG data used for heart rate variability (HRV) analysiswere all normal sinus intervals. All aberrant beats and artifacts were removed from the records: acomputer algorithm eliminated intervals that varied by more than 30% of the mean of the previous fourintervals, and any remaining artifacts were removed during second-stage editing by an experiencedtechnician who visually inspected the records. A regularly spaced time series was derived from thesuccession of normal RR intervals by linear interpolation of the irregularly spaced series and then

resampled at 8 samples per second.

Statistics for SCL and HRV. To reduce the possibility of false-positive findings, a deliberate decision wasmade to use statistically conservative procedures for data analysis. Therefore, randomized permutationanalysis (RPA) was used to determine statistical significance of the differences between win and losscurves during the prestimulus period, because it controls for autocorrelations inherent to physiologicsignals and their underlying non-normal distributions (Blair and Karniski, 1993). Applied separately toeach individuals SCL and HRV data, RPA generates two standard deviates, orzscores, per person; zpre,


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the differential prestimulus value, and zpost, the differential post stimulus value (Good, 1994; Hjorth,1994; Radin, 1997b).

Operationally, RPA involved the following: The stimulus output from each individuals experimentalsession of 50 trials was a random sequence of 50 win or loss. For each trial, we computed percentagedifference scores (D), as described above. Then for each of the 500 samples we calculated the mean of theD values for the 25 roulette trials and the mean D for the 25 investment trials.

RESULTS

Univariate analysis

The overall performance analysis of the 8 useable cases is shown in Table 1. The win/loss ratio on a betwas a maximum of 60% in the roulette experiment and 68% for the business investment exercise. In thebusiness experiment 2 subjects had a win to loss ratio that approached significance (p>

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Based on a useable pilot sample of 8 subjects, fig. 6 shows the overall percentage change in both HRV andSCL measures from the time the subject is presented with a investment choice in the case of the businesscase experiment or a bet in the case of the roulette experiment

Skin conductance level.

The results of the RPA for the 12 second post decision period (zpre) for all subjects participating in the

roulette experiment revealed no significant increase in SCL in either of the two experimental results of awin or a loss ( fig. 6). In the poststimulus data, one subject showed a positive up swing in SCL for theroulette experiment while three subjects approached significant upward swings in the business caseexperiment, two for p


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Our working premise is that no matter how intuitive information is initially introduced into the

psychophysiologic systems, once received it is processed in the same way as information obtained through

the familiar sensory systems. Although, to our knowledge, this is the first study to examine beat-to-beat

changes in heart rate in the context of intuitive information processing amongst entrepreneurs, there is a

substantial body of literature discussing the interpretation of cardiac decelerations/accelerations in relation

to the processing of sensory information (Jennings and van der Molen, 2002; Lacey and Lacey, 1974; van

der Molen et al., 1985, 1987; Van der Veen et al., 2001). During a typical anticipatory (prestimulus)period, a triphasic heart response curve is usually observedan initial deceleration, followed by a small

accelerative component, and then a larger deceleration, followed by a small accelerative component, and

then a larger deceleration. However, when the individual is preparing for a known investment stimulus, the

accelerative component is wiped out and the response curve is characterized, instead, by a strong

decelerative trend throughout the foreperiod (van der Molen et al., 1987). Interestingly, this pattern is

consistent with our prestimulus HRV result, as shown in Figure ?. In other words, the body seems to

process the unknown stimulus in the same way it does when the future stimulus is known.

Figure 8 Pre-stimulus for Subject # 18

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Interpreting the processing of intuitive information within the classical framework just described, our HRV

data indicate that, on average, the informational input to the heart regarding the future emotional stimulus

occurred about 2 seconds before the investment choice was actually presented.

A system-wide process?

We have presented compelling evidence that the heart plays a surprising role in the processing of

prestimulus information. McCraty et al (2004) shows that while both the heart and the brain are directly


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involved, there is evidence that the heart may receive the pre-stimulus information before the brain. This

suggests that, instead of being localized to the brain alone, the apprehension of information pertaining to

future emotional events is a system-wide process involving the heart and the brain, and even the body as a

whole.

The observed deceleration in heart rate, indicating a shift in informational content, is usually interpreted as

the result of an increase in parasympathetic outflow controlled solely by the brain. However, it is also

possible that the deceleration originated within the heart itself, and that the resulting change in afferent

neural signals to the brain either signalled the brain about the future event, or facilitated its processing of

the intuitive information, or both.

This possibility is also corroborated by recent work in neurocardiology, which has established that the heart

is a sensory organ and an information encoding and processing center with an extensive intrinsic nervous

system, enabling it to learn, remember, and make functional decisions independent of the cranial brain.

The hearts intrinsic nervous system not only makes adjustments to the hearts rhythmic activity on a beat-

to-beat basis, but can even override inputs from the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems

(Armour and Ardell, 1994; Armour, 2003). Moreover, there is substantial evidence that patterns of cardiac

afferent neurological input to the brain not only affect cardiovascular regulation, but also influence higher

brain centers involved in perception and emotional processing (Frysinger and Harper, 1990; McCraty and

children, 2004; Sandman et al., 1982). For instance, extensive experimental data have documented that

cardiac afferent input modulates a wide range of processes such as reaction times (Lacey and Lacey, 1974), pain perception (Randich and Gebhart, 1992), hormone production (Drinkhill and Mary, 1989),

electrocortical activity, and cognitive functions (Rau et al., 1993; Sandman et al., 1982; van der Molen et

al., 1985).

In short, in light of the hearts extensive involvement in so many different psychophysiological functions

and systems, it may not be so surprising after all that the heart is also involved in the processing of intuitive

information.

Correlation with quantum holographic theory

Ray would you please insert some comment here

CONCLUSIONS

Of greatest significance here is our major finding namely, the electrophysiological evidence that the heartis directly involved in the processing of information about a future emotional stimulus seconds before the

body actually experiences the stimulus. To our knowledge, this is the first study to measure heart rate

decelerations/accelerations in connection with intuitive perception, and this finding thus constitutes a

significant addition to previous research on intuition. What is truly surprising about this result is the fact

that the heart appears to play a direct role in the perception of future events; at the very least it implies that

the brain does not act alone in this regard. If verified by future studies, this is an important finding that

may open the door to an enlarged scientific understanding of the hearts role in human perception,

consciousness, and behaviour.

Also significant is our related finding that once the prestimulus information is received, it appears to be

processed in the same way as conventional sensory input. However quantum holographic theory facilitates

our understanding of intuitive perception for the bodys processing of information about future external

events.

Ray could you pen a few paras to conclude the importance of QHT to the overall understanding ofentrepreneur intuitive perception.

My attempt, I think does not capture the power of the theory.

From theory, it can be shown (see Figure 9a &b), that when two interpenetrating wave fields are generatingsynchronized oscillations at the same energy frequency, a channel of coherent interaction is createdconnecting the object source points of the two wave fields (Bradley, McCraty, & Rees, 2004). This channel


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is essentially a logon transmission pathway for optimal information communication. This does not hold forinteraction between wave fields of different energy frequencies (see Figure 6b); effective communication isblocked by an incoherent pattern of interpenetration between the two wave fields.

When the dynamics of these interactions are considered, information transmission at hyper-speeds appearsas an emergent property of the movement of the two wave fields. Using a simple dynamic model, it can beshown that when two wave fields at the same energy frequency interact from opposing directions, a thirdemergent wave field is generated with wave fronts moving at a hyper-speed, significantly faster than therate of movement of the original wave fronts. This third wave field radiates outward in all directions fromthe point source of the leading wave fronts in each wave field. It is suggested that this third wave fieldencodes the quantum holograms created by the interaction of the two original wave fields, and, as such, is alikely mechanism for nonlocal information transmission at hyper-speedsfor example, super-luminal, inthe case of quantum mechanical wave fields, and super-acoustical, for sound waves. It is further suggestedthat when wave fields from different scales of organization are in harmonic interaction, an emergentoscillatory resonance is generated for nonlocal information transmission at hyper-speeds. It is postulatedthat this provides a transmission mechanism for nonlocal information communication across macro andmicro-scales of organization at super-luminal speedsfaster than the speed of light.

The act of conscious perception requires both an incoming wave field of sensory information about theobject andan outgoing wave field of attentional energy. Based on recent research, it is clear that more thanthe brain is involved in the act of attention. Analyses of the results in Figure 5 confirm the involvement ofthe entrepreneurs ANS in decision making. Of direct interest is the deceleration of HRV values prior tophysical decision action in the case of a successful investment and a neutral HRV values prior to anunsuccessful investment. The bodys psychophysiological systems generate numerous fields of energy, atvarious frequencies, that radiate outwards from the body as wave fields in all directions. Of these, the heartgenerates the most powerful rhythmic electromagnetic field. Not only does a massive deceleration in thehearts pattern of rhythmic activity occur at the of moment mental attention, which would generate apowerful change recorded in the outgoing wave field, but it is also clear from recent research that nonlocalperception is related to the percipients degree of emotional arousal generated by an object. It is the

individuals passion or rapt attentionbiological energy activated in his emotional connection to theobject of his interestthat generates the outgoing attentional wave directed to the object. And since it iswell established that the hearts energetic pattern of activity reflects feelings and emotional experience, it islikely that the heart is instrumental in generating the outgoing wave of attentional energy directed to theobject.

CONCLUSION

By way of conclusion, Bradley (2006) shows how the theory offers an understanding of thepsychophysiological basis of entrepreneurial intuition.

P O P O


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The entrepreneurs passionate attentionthat is, the biological energy activated in his emotionalconnection to the object of interest (e.g., the quest for future opportunities in a certain field of business)attunes him to the objects unfolding pattern of activity and to the implicit order of its future potential. Boththe pattern of activity and the potential future order are spectrally encoded as a quantum hologram in afield of potential energy as implicit information in a domain apart from space and time. At a biologicallevel, the bodys psychophysiological systems generate numerous fields of energy, at various frequencies,that interpenetrate the field of potential energy. Of these, the heart generates the most powerful rhythmicelectromagnetic field, which radiates out from the body in all directions.

When the entrepreneur calms his mind and feelings, and adopts a heart-focused state of positiveemotion directed to the object, a global shift to psychophysiological coherence is induced which optimizesattentional resonance with the incoming quantum level information from the object of interest. Suchattunement brings the outgoing wave field of attentional energy from the entrepreneurspsychophysiological systems into harmonic resonance with the incoming wave field of energy from theobject. The harmonic resonance between the two wave fields of energy creates an optimal channel forcommunication of nonlocal information. We hypothesize, therefore, that the more the entrepreneur canmaintain coherent attentional interest directed to the object of interest, the more his bodyspsychophysiological systems will have access to this implicit field of quantum holographic information,and, hence, the greater the intuitive foreknowledge about the object of interest.

REFERENCES

Allinson, W. C., E. Chell, and Hayes, Jl. (2000). "Intuition and Entrepreneurial Behaviour." EuropeanJournal of work and Organizational Psychology 9(1): 31-43.

Bradley, R. T., R. McCraty, & R. Rees (2004), Proposal concept for a study of highly effective andtransformational teaching, unpublished manuscript, the Institute of HeartMath, Boulder Creek,

Bradley, R T., (2006), The Psychophysiology of Entrepreneurial Intuition: a Quantum-Holographic Theory,3rd AGSE-International Entrepreneurship Research Exchange, Australian Graduate School ofEntrepreneurship, Unitec, Auckland, New Zealand

Fiet, J. O., C. G. H. Van, et al. (2004). Systematic Search by Repeat Entrepreneurs. Connecticut,

Information age publishing.

Gillin, L M and Atkinson, M., (2006), Private communication.

Krippendorff, K. (1980). Content Analysis: An introduction to its Methodology. London, SagePublications.

La Pira, F., M. Gillin and Scicluna, P, (2006). Non-local Intuition: Developing Electro-physiologicalMeasures for Decision-Making Serial Entrepreneurs, 3rd AGSE-International Entrepreneurship ResearchExchange, Australian Graduate School of Entrepreneurship, Unitec, Auckland, New Zealand

La Pira, F. and M. Gillin (2006). Non local intuition and the performance of serial entrepreneurs.International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Small Business, Vol. 3, No. 1

McCraty, R., Atkinson, M., & Bradley, R. T. (2004a). Electrophysiological evidence of intuition: Part 1.

The surprising role of the heart.Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine, 10 (1):133-143.McCraty, R., Atkinson, M., & Bradley, R. T. (2004b). Electrophysiological evidence of intuition: Part 2. Asystem-wide process?Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine, 10 (2): 325-336.

Shapero, A 1975 The Displaced Uncomfortable EntrepreneurPsychology Today Vol. 8 83-88

Tiller , W A, Dibble, W E and Kohane, M J, (2001) Conscious Acts of Creation, Pavior, California

before cognition

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