BEFORE CLASS

• Pick up your quiz 1 and check results

QUIZ 1

1. Pathos could be best defined as a rhetorical appeal using: (20 pts)a) Data and hard factsb) Morality or credibilityc) Emotions or beliefs (correct answer)d) Both sides of an issue presented equally

2. In order to make an ethos appeal, an author could: (20 pts)a) Use topics or ideas their readers will care aboutb) Cite credible sources and authors (correct answer)c) Present convincing statistics and factsd) All of the above

3. What are wallowing in complexity and the believing and doubting game? How are they related? (10 pts)

4. Name the three elements of rhetorical context (not the rhetorical appeals!). Explain what they are and give an example of how each might affect a piece of writing. (30 pts)

5. According to the syllabus and our class discussions, what are two reasons you could be in danger of failing ENC1102? (20 pts)

• Extra credit: what are the main differences between open and closed form prose? Give an example of each. (+10 pts)

TODAY’S GOALS

• Understand the importance, rhetorically and psychologically, of introductions

• Examine successful exploratory narrative introduction strategies

• Brainstorm possible introduction strategies for your exploratory narrative

NAME THAT INTRODUCTION!

Objective: identify which famous piece of literature each introduction is from

The group with the most correct identifications will get +10 points on their quiz 1 grades

But also consider:

• What do these introductions have in common?

• How is what is presented in the introduction related to the rest of the text?

• What strategies do these introductions use to grab reader attention?

NAME THAT INTRODUCTION!

• “Mr. and Mrs. XXXX, of number four, XXXX Drive, were proud to say that they were perfectly normal, thank you very much. They were the last people you’d expect to be involved in anything strange or mysterious, because they just didn’t hold with such nonsense.”

NAME THAT INTRODUCTION!

• “It was the best of times, it was the worst of times, it was the age of wisdom, it was the age of foolishness, it was the epoch of belief, it was the epoch of incredulity, it was the season of Light, it was the season of Darkness, it was the spring of hope, it was the winter of despair.”

NAME THAT INTRODUCTION!

• “My mother drove me to the airport with the windows rolled down. It was seventy-five degrees in Phoenix, the sky a perfect, cloudless blue. I was wearing my favorite shirt—sleeveless, white eyelet lace; I was wearing it as a farewell gesture. My carry-on item was a parka.”

NAME THAT INTRODUCTION!

• “There is one mirror in my house. It is behind a sliding panel in the hallway upstairs. Our faction allows me to stand in front of it on the second day of every third month, the day my mother cuts my hair.”

NAME THAT INTRODUCTION!-LIGHTNING ROUND

Raise your hand if you can identify any of the following:

• “Call me Ishmael.”

• “When I had journeyed half of our life’s way, I found myself within a shadowed forest, for I had lost the path that does not stray.”

• “Now is the winter of our discontentMade glorious summer by this sun of York;And all the clouds that lour'd upon our houseIn the deep bosom of the ocean buried.”

• “It was a pleasure to burn.”

• “It is a truth universally acknowledged, that a single man in possession of a good fortune, must be in want of a wife.”

• “If you really want to hear about it, the first thing you'll probably want to know is where I was born, and what my lousy childhood was like, and how my parents were occupied and all before they had me, and all that David Copperfield kind of crap, but I don't feel like going into it, if you want to know the truth.”

INTRODUCTION SOURCES

• Harry Potter and the Sorcerer’s Stone

• A Tale of Two Cities

• Twilight

• Divergent

• Moby Dick

• Dante’s Inferno

• Richard III

• Fahrenheit 451

• Pride and Prejudice

• The Catcher in the Rye

JOURNAL ENTRY 6

• Focus: First Impressions & Introductions

• Think about an experience you had where someone made a memorable first impression on you. • What was so memorable about the experience? • How did it shape your future interactions with this person? • Was your initial impression of this person accurate or did it greatly change over

time?

• If possible, think about a memorable introduction you have read in an essay, book, or other form of writing (or even a movie or TV show). • What was so memorable about the introduction? • What kind of strategy did it use to grab reader attention? • How did this memorable introduction affect your experience with the rest of the

text?

SERIAL POSITION EFFECT

• Psychology term coined by Hermann Ebbinghaus

• Refers to the human tendency to remember the first and last items in a series best and the middle items the worst

• Primacy effect: first items are the most effectively stored in the long term memory because they have the greatest amount of processing devoted to them

• Recency effect: final items are still present in working memory because of being so recently reviewed

• What implications does this have for us in a composition class?

UNIVERSAL INTRODUCTION STRATEGIES

• General to specific

• Eye-catching data

• Ask reader to imagine a situation

• In media res

• Foreshadowing

• Rhetorical Appeals: • Ethos• Pathos• Logos

• How do the rhetorical appeals fit with the above introduction strategies?

EXPLORATORY NARRATIVE INTRODUCTIONS

• Engage readers• This is the easiest and most effective place to grab your readers’ attention in the whole essay• The first few sentences are the most important for this

• Introduce the arguable issue you will be examining• You should, at least somewhat, explain the opposing viewpoints that make this issue

controversial

• Explain your own view on the issue• You should include personal experiences that may have affected this view

• Introduce a problematic or significant research question that will guide the rest of the essay

Note: it is common for exploratory narrative introductions to be more than one paragraph and slightly longer than the introductions from other forms of college writing.

GROUP ACTIVITY 1: INTRO ANALYSIS

• In your unit 1 groups

• Select two example essays from the class website. These should be different from the sample exploratory narrative you read last week

• Read the introductory paragraphs (stop at the first source information) and answer the following questions for both:

1. What is the topic the student is addressing? What research question do they ask about it?

2. What kind of strategy does the student make use of in the introduction? Does it sufficiently engage readers?

3. What rhetorical appeal(s) do you think are most utilized in the introduction? 4. Are the personal experiences or past of the writer presented here? How did they

shape the writer’s viewpoint?5. What is the writer’s research question? Is it clear and easy to identify? Does it fit the

criteria for an exploratory narrative thesis questions that we discussed last class?

INTRODUCTIONS: FINAL WORD

• The most important takeaway from this lesson: • Introductions are one of the most important elements of your writing! This is

not a section to simply ‘slap on’ at the last minute• Readers are most likely to remember information from your introduction and

conclusion. • If you do not grab reader attention by the end of the introduction, there is a

chance you will never fully grab it by the end of the essay.

GROUP ACTIVITY 2: INTRO BRAINSTORM

• In your unit 1 groups

1. For each student, brainstorm at least two possible introduction strategies that could be used for the student’s exploratory narrative

2. Identify which rhetorical appeal would best fit for each of these introduction strategies

HOMEWORK

• Read A&B p. 259-262

• Journal Entry 7: Exploratory Narrative Introduction• Based on our discussions in class today, begin construction the introduction

to your exploratory narrative in your journal• Make sure to include the necessary elements we discussed in class,

including: an explanation of the issue, your research question, how your personal view on the issue, and some kind of strategy for grabbing reader attention

• Note: This journal entry may be slightly longer than others. 150+ words at least