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Chapter 7

Graphics, Hypermedia, and Multimedia

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Topics

Focus on Computer Graphics

Dynamic Media: Beyond the Printed Page

Interactive Multimedia: Eye, Ear, Hand, & Mind

Data Compression – How and Why

“If you look out in the future you can see how best to make right choices.” Doug Engelbart

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Focus on Computer Graphics

Computer graphics include: Painting Software Digital Image Processing Drawing Software 3-D Modeling Software CAD/CAM Presentation Graphics

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Painting Software

Paint pixels on the screen with a pointing device such as a mouse, joystick, trackball, touch pad or pen.

The pointer movements are translated into lines and patterns on the screen.

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Graphics Talk

Pixels are tiny dots of white, black, or color that make up images on the screen.

Palette of tools that mimic real-world painting tools and other tools unique to computers.

Bitmapped graphics (or raster graphics) are pictures that show how the pixels are mapped on the screen.

Color depth is the number of bits devoted to each pixel.

Resolution is the density of the pixels.

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Digital Image Processing: Photographic Editing by Computer

Software that allows the user to manipulate photographs and other high-resolution images with tools such as Adobe Photoshop.

Far more powerful than traditional photo-retouching techniques. Can distort and combine photos as demonstrated

in the tabloids Create fabricated images that show no evidence

of tampering

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Building a Photo Collage

Take an imageCombine it with other objects Make a statement

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Drawing: Object-Oriented Graphics

Drawing software stores a picture as a collection of lines and shapes (called object-oriented or vector graphics).

Memory demands on storage not as high as bit-mapped images.

Many drawing tools - line, shape and text tools are similar to painting tools in bitmapped programs.

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Pixels vs. Objects

Bit-mapped painting (pixels) gives you these advantages:

More control over textures, shading and fine detail

Appropriate for screen displays, simulating natural paint media and embellishing photographs

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Pixels vs. Objects

Object-oriented drawing gives you these advantages:

Better for creating printed graphs, charts, and illustrations

Lines are cleaner and shapes are smoother

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Rules of Thumb: Creating Smart Art

Choose the right tool for the job. Don’t be afraid to experiment and create your own art.

Use computer clip art images that are either in the public domain or available through licensing.

Don’t borrow without permission.

Protect your own work by using the copyright symbol ©

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3-D Modeling Software

Used to create three-dimensional objects with tools similar to those in drawing software.

Goal for some applications: to create an animated presentation on a computer screen or videotape.

Flexible: can create a 3-D model, rotate it, view it from different angles

Can “walk-through” a 3-D environment that exists only in the computer’s memory

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3-D Modeling Software

Images in wireframeview; ones on right are fully rendered to add surface textures

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CAD/CAM: Turning Pictures into Products

Computer Aided Design (CAD) software allows engineers, designers, and architects to create designs on screen for products ranging from computer chips to public buildings.

Can test product prototypes

Cheaper, faster, and more accurate than traditional design-by-hand techniques

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CAD/CAM: Turning Pictures into Products

Computer-Aided Manufacturing (CAM) is the process by which data related to the product design are fed into a program that controls the manufacturing of parts.

Computer-Integrated Manufacturing (CIM) refers to the combination of CAD/CAM and is a major step toward a fully automated factory.

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Presentation Graphics: Bringing Lectures to Life

Presentation graphics software helps to automate the creation of visual aids for lectures, training sessions, sales demonstrations, and other presentations.

Create slide shows directly on computer monitors or LCD projectors, including still images, animation and video clips.

Slides might include: photographs drawings charts tables

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Dynamic Media: Beyond the Printed Page

Modern media contains dynamic information--information that changes over time or in response to user input. Animation Desktop Video Audio Hypertext and hypermedia

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Animation: Graphics in Time

Each frame of computer-based animation is a computer-drawn picture and the computer displays those frames in rapid succession.

Tweening-instead of drawing each frame by hand, animator can create key frames and objects and use software to help fill in the gaps

“Anything you can imagine can be done. If you can draw it, if you can describe it, we can do it. It’s just a matter of cost.”

James Cameron, Filmmaker

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Rules of Thumb: Making Powerful Presentations

Know your audience

Outline your ideas

Keep it simple

Use a consistent design

Don’t clutter the screen

Keep each slide focused

Tell them what you’re going to tell them, then tell them, then tell them what you told them

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Desktop Video: Computers,  Film, and TV

A video digitizer can convert analog video signals from a television broadcast or videotape into digital data.

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Desktop Video: Computers,  Film, and TV

Video editing software such as Adobe Premiere makes it easy to eliminate extraneous footage, combine clips from multiple takes, splice together scenes, create specific effects and other activities.

Morphs are video clips in which one image metamorphoses into another.

Data compression software and hardware are used to squeeze data out of movies so they can be stored in smaller spaces.

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The Synthetic Musician: Computers and Audio

Audio digitizer- captures sound and stores it as a data file

Synthesizer - electronic instrument that synthesizes sounds using mathematical formulas

MIDI - Musical Instrument Digital Interface is a standard interface that allows electronic instruments and computers to communicate with each other

Sequencing software - turns a computer into a musical composition, recording and editing machine.

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Hypertext and Hypermedia

Hypertext refers to information linked in non-sequential ways.

Hypermedia combines text, numbers, graphics, animation, sound effects, music and other media in hyperlinked documents. Useful for on-line help files Jump between documents all over the Internet

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Interactive Multimedia: Eye, Ear, Hand, and Mind

A combination of text, graphics, animation, video, music, voice and sound effects that allows the user to take an active part in the experience.

Requirements: high-quality color monitors, fast processors, large memory, CD-ROM drives, speakers,and sound cards

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Multimedia Authoring: Making Mixed Media

Multimedia authoring software glues together media captured and created with other applications.

Multimedia authoring tools include prewritten behaviors attached to buttons, images or other on-screen objects

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Rules of Thumb: Making Interactive Multimedia Work

Be consistent in visual appearance

Use graphical metaphors to guide viewers

Keep the screen clean and uncluttered

Include multimedia elements to enliven the presentation

Focus on the message

Give the user control

Test your presentation with those unfamiliar with the subject

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Interactive Media: Visions of the Future

Positive aspects: Users become active participants People gain control over the media and use it to create

a new kind of digital democracy

Negative aspects: Users become isolated and addicted to the technology Media used to influence and control unwary citizens

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