Beef UnitBeef Unit

11-1211-12thth Grade Grade

Learning TargetsLearning Targets

1.1. I can identify various breeds of beef I can identify various breeds of beef cattle.cattle.

2.2. I can identify proper terminology for I can identify proper terminology for beef cattle.beef cattle.

Beef Cattle FactsBeef Cattle Facts

80% of Cow herds have less than 50 80% of Cow herds have less than 50 head of cattle.head of cattle.

8 Beef Cattle Regions in the U.S.8 Beef Cattle Regions in the U.S. Japan is the largest importer of U.S. Japan is the largest importer of U.S.

Beef.Beef. More than 50 Beef Breeds to choose More than 50 Beef Breeds to choose

from.from. 10% of all calves die at birth or soon 10% of all calves die at birth or soon

afterafter

Beef Cattle HistoryBeef Cattle History

Christopher Christopher Columbus Columbus brought cattle in brought cattle in 1493.1493.

Beef Cattle HistoryBeef Cattle History

Spanish brought Spanish brought Longhorn to Longhorn to Mexico in 1521.Mexico in 1521.

Beef Cattle HistoryBeef Cattle History

English brought English brought large numbers of large numbers of cattle in 1553 cattle in 1553 when Jamestown when Jamestown Colony was Colony was founded.founded.

Bos Indicus Cattle ExampleBos Indicus Cattle Example

Long Floppy EarsLong Floppy Ears Hump on the Hump on the

shoulders.shoulders. Loose HideLoose Hide Heat tolerantHeat tolerant Resistance to Resistance to

diseases and diseases and InsectsInsects

Bos Indicus Cattle Bos Indicus Cattle

Bos Indicus Cattle Bos Indicus Cattle

Bos Indicus Cattle Bos Indicus Cattle

Bos Indicus Cattle Bos Indicus Cattle

Bos Taurus Cattle ExampleBos Taurus Cattle Example

Tight hideTight hide Short earsShort ears

Bos Taurus CattleBos Taurus Cattle

Bos Taurus CattleBos Taurus Cattle

Bos Taurus CattleBos Taurus Cattle

Bos Taurus CattleBos Taurus Cattle

AngusAngus

Imported in 1873Imported in 1873 ScotlandScotland

Moderate frameModerate frame

Color: BlackColor: Black

PolledPolled

SimmentalSimmental

Imported 1969Imported 1969 SwitzerlandSwitzerland

Color: Red and Color: Red and White-BlackWhite-Black

Polled or HornedPolled or Horned

ShorthornShorthorn

Imported 1783Imported 1783 EnglandEngland

Color: Red/WhiteColor: Red/White

Polled or HornedPolled or Horned

Dual PurposeDual Purpose

BeefmasterBeefmaster

Originated: 1931Originated: 1931 Hereford 25%Hereford 25% Shorthorn 25%Shorthorn 25% Brahman 50%Brahman 50% Color: Color:

Red/Yellowish-Red/Yellowish-whitewhite

Very Hardy and Very Hardy and milk wellmilk well

CharolaisCharolais

Origin: FranceOrigin: France Imported: 1930Imported: 1930 Color: Color:

White/CreamyWhite/Creamy Rugged Rugged Polled and HornedPolled and Horned

ChianinaChianina

Imported: 1971Imported: 1971 Origin: ItalyOrigin: Italy Color: WhiteColor: White HornedHorned Cow: 1500-2000lbCow: 1500-2000lb Bull: 1800-4000lbBull: 1800-4000lb Used for Used for

crossbreedingcrossbreeding

LimousineLimousine

Origin: FranceOrigin: France Color: Red, BlackColor: Red, Black Imported: 1969Imported: 1969 Polled or HornedPolled or Horned Good Milking Good Milking

ABilityABility

Belted GallowayBelted Galloway

Imported: Imported: ScotlandScotland

Imported: 1950Imported: 1950 White belt around White belt around

stomachstomach Good mothersGood mothers Grow Rapidly Grow Rapidly

Texas LonghornTexas Longhorn

Origin: TexasOrigin: Texas 11stst Breed in Breed in

United StatesUnited States Very Adaptable Very Adaptable Very cheap to Very cheap to

raiseraise Price goes by Price goes by

Horn Length.Horn Length.

Polled HerefordPolled Hereford

Origin: EnglandOrigin: England Imported:1817Imported:1817 Henry Clay:Ky.Henry Clay:Ky. Cow: 1200lbsCow: 1200lbs Bull:1500-Bull:1500-

2000lbs2000lbs Good mother, Good mother,

milk, foragermilk, forager

Horned HerefordHorned Hereford

Original: HornedOriginal: Horned Began: 18Began: 18thth

CenturyCentury Origin; Origin;

Herefordshire Herefordshire EnglandEngland

Black HerefordBlack Hereford

Origin: U.S.AOrigin: U.S.A AngusAngus HerefordHereford Feed EfficiencyFeed Efficiency Milking abilityMilking ability DocileDocile

BrahmanBrahman

Imported: 1900Imported: 1900 United StatesUnited States

Color: White to Color: White to GrayGray

HornedHorned

Good mothersGood mothers

BrafordBraford

Origin:FloridaOrigin:Florida Began: 1947Began: 1947 3/8 Brahman3/8 Brahman 5/8 Hereford5/8 Hereford Early PubertyEarly Puberty Fertile Cow/BullFertile Cow/Bull Calving EaseCalving Ease

BrahmousinBrahmousin

Origin: United Origin: United StatesStates

5/8 Limousin5/8 Limousin

3/8 Brahman3/8 Brahman

Polled HornedPolled Horned

Cow 1500lbCow 1500lb

Bull 2200lbBull 2200lb

BrangusBrangus

Origin: United Origin: United StatesStates

Developed: 1949Developed: 1949 3/8 Brahman3/8 Brahman 5/8 Angus5/8 Angus Heat ResistantHeat Resistant Color: Red/BlackColor: Red/Black

Simbrah Simbrah

Origin: AmericaOrigin: America Color: VariesColor: Varies Polled or HornedPolled or Horned Cow: 1500lbsCow: 1500lbs Bulls: 2200lbsBulls: 2200lbs Fast growersFast growers Long life spanLong life span

Gelbray Gelbray

Origin: AmericaOrigin: America Color: VariesColor: Varies Cow: 1500lbsCow: 1500lbs Bull: 2200lbsBull: 2200lbs Polled or HornedPolled or Horned Good Good

reproduction, reproduction, rapid growthrapid growth

WatsuiWatsui

Origin:AfricaOrigin:Africa Cow:900-1200lbCow:900-1200lb Bulls:1000-Bulls:1000-

1600lb1600lb Imported:1960Imported:1960 Slow in growthSlow in growth

Mostly for Private Mostly for Private use.use.

Belgian BlueBelgian Blue

Origin: BelgiumOrigin: Belgium New to U.S.A.New to U.S.A. Heavy musclingHeavy muscling 2 Groups2 Groups 1. Milk Prod.1. Milk Prod. 2. Beef Prod.2. Beef Prod. Cow: 1500lbsCow: 1500lbs Bull: 2500lbsBull: 2500lbs

GelbviehGelbvieh

Origin: GermanyOrigin: Germany Imported: 1971Imported: 1971 Color: RedColor: Red Horned or PolledHorned or Polled Good FertilityGood Fertility Cow:1500lbsCow:1500lbs Bulls: 2000lbsBulls: 2000lbs

Red AngusRed Angus

Origin: EuropeOrigin: Europe Imported: 1954Imported: 1954 Cow:1000-1300Cow:1000-1300lblb

Bull:1500-2000Bull:1500-2000lblb

Good: Mothers, Good: Mothers, Crossbreeding, Crossbreeding, Calving EaseCalving Ease

HighlandHighland

Origin: ScotlandOrigin: Scotland Color: Yellow, Color: Yellow,

Red, Silver-Red, Silver-WhiteWhite

Cow:800-1100lbCow:800-1100lb Bull:900-1200lbBull:900-1200lb Very ruggedVery rugged Imported: 1930Imported: 1930

PiedmontesePiedmontese

Origin: ItalyOrigin: Italy Imported: 1979Imported: 1979 Double MuscledDouble Muscled Rich milkRich milk Color: WhiteColor: White Cow: 1200-1800Cow: 1200-1800lblb

Bull:1800-2800Bull:1800-2800lblb

Maine Anjou Maine Anjou

Origin: FranceOrigin: France Imported: 1969Imported: 1969 Cow:Cow:1500-1900lb1500-1900lb

Bull:Bull:2200-3100lb2200-3100lb

Good: Milk, Good: Milk, Mature fastMature fast

Color: Red, Color: Red, Black, Mix ColorBlack, Mix Color

RomagnolaRomagnola

Origin: ItalyOrigin: Italy Color: WhiteColor: White HornedHorned Cow: 1650lbsCow: 1650lbs Bulls:2750lbsBulls:2750lbs Good feed Good feed

conversionconversion Imported: 1970Imported: 1970

Santa Gertrudis Santa Gertrudis

Origin: AmericaOrigin: America Color: Red/BlackColor: Red/Black 3/8 Brahman3/8 Brahman 5/8 Shorthorn5/8 Shorthorn Good mother, Good mother,

fast growers, fast growers, Polled or hornedPolled or horned

BeefaloBeefalo

Origin: AmericaOrigin: America Color: VariesColor: Varies 3/8 Bison3/8 Bison 5/8 Beef Cow5/8 Beef Cow Good milking, Good milking,

mothers, rapid mothers, rapid growthgrowth

GyrGyr

Origin: IndiaOrigin: India Color: VariesColor: Varies Cow: 1200lbsCow: 1200lbs Bull: 2000lbsBull: 2000lbs Used for: Dairy Used for: Dairy

and Beefand Beef Ancestor of Ancestor of

BrahmanBrahman

ZebuZebu

Origin: IndiaOrigin: India Imported: 1849Imported: 1849 Cow: 1200lbsCow: 1200lbs Bull: 1800lbsBull: 1800lbs Used for: Beef Used for: Beef

and Dairyand Dairy

WagyuWagyu

Origin: JapanOrigin: Japan Produce: Kobe Produce: Kobe

BeefBeef Imported:1976Imported:1976 Horned or PolledHorned or Polled Color: Black or Color: Black or

RedRed Best Beef???Best Beef???

CorrienteCorriente

Origin: SpanishOrigin: Spanish Imported: 1493Imported: 1493 Small sizeSmall size Grow slowGrow slow HornedHorned Used for RodeosUsed for Rodeos Used: Milk, Beef, Used: Milk, Beef,

SportSport

BraunviehBraunvieh

Origin: SwitzerlandOrigin: Switzerland Imported: 1869-Imported: 1869-

18801880 Color: BrownColor: Brown Bull: 2100-2500lbBull: 2100-2500lb Cow: 1200-1500lbCow: 1200-1500lb Used for: Milk, Used for: Milk,

MeatMeat Horned Horned

DexterDexter

Origin: IrelandOrigin: Ireland Imported: 1905-Imported: 1905-

19151915 Bull: 1000LbBull: 1000Lb Cow: 750LbCow: 750Lb Used: Milk, MeatUsed: Milk, Meat Color: Black and Color: Black and

RedRed

Fighting BullFighting Bull

Origin: SpainOrigin: Spain Imported: ?Imported: ? Color: Black or Color: Black or

Dark BrownDark Brown Bull: 1300-Bull: 1300-

1600lb1600lb Used for: Used for:

Fighting Fighting

TuliTuli

Origin: ZimbabweOrigin: Zimbabwe Imported: NoneImported: None PolledPolled Color: Red, Yellow, Color: Red, Yellow,

WhiteWhite Medium SizeMedium Size Good Milking ability,Good Milking ability, Good MothersGood Mothers

TarentaiseTarentaise

Origin: FranceOrigin: France Color: Dark RedColor: Dark Red Imported: 1972Imported: 1972 Bull: 1800lbBull: 1800lb Cow:1200lbCow:1200lb Good: Mothers, Good: Mothers,

MilkingMilking

RandallRandall

Origin: VermontOrigin: Vermont Cow: 600-1100lbsCow: 600-1100lbs Bull: 1000-1800lbsBull: 1000-1800lbs HornedHorned Color: White base Color: White base

and Linebackand Lineback Traits: Docile, Few Traits: Docile, Few

calving problems, calving problems, survival instinctssurvival instincts

Florida CrackerFlorida Cracker

Origin: FloridaOrigin: Florida Descended from Descended from

Spanish stock.Spanish stock. Cow: 900lbsCow: 900lbs Bull: 900-1000lbsBull: 900-1000lbs Known for: Hardy Known for: Hardy

traits, Resistance to traits, Resistance to parasitesparasites

HornedHorned

Miniature Cattle

Very Popular Color: Varies Height: 36”-46” Used for: Draft,

Milk, Pets, Meat 26 Breeds

Composite BreedsComposite Breeds

Cattle of 2 or Cattle of 2 or more breeds more breeds that have been that have been crossed to crossed to create a better create a better animal.animal.

BarzonaBarzona

BeefmasterBeefmaster

BrafordBraford

BrangusBrangus

Santa GertrudisSanta Gertrudis

ChimaineChimaine

Bos TarusBos Tarus

Broken into 2 Broken into 2 Categories.Categories.

BritishBritish ContentialContential

Continental CattleContinental Cattle

Also called Also called Exotics.Exotics.

Grow very fast Grow very fast and gain weight.and gain weight.

Originated in Originated in EuropeEurope

CharolaisCharolais

ChianinaChianina

LimousineLimousine

GelbviehGelbvieh

Maine-AnjouMaine-Anjou

SalersSalers

SimmentalSimmental

TarentaiseTarentaise

British BreedsBritish Breeds

Known as Known as English Breeds.English Breeds.

Known as the Known as the foundation foundation breeds in the breeds in the United States.United States.

AngusAngus

Horned Hereford Horned Hereford

Polled Hereford Polled Hereford

Red AngusRed Angus

Red PollRed Poll

ShorthornShorthorn

ADGADG

Average daily Average daily gain.gain.

AYWAYW

Adjusted Adjusted yearling weight.yearling weight.

A.I.A.I.

Artificial Artificial Insemination.Insemination.

AWWAWW

Adjusted Adjusted weaning weight.weaning weight.

EPDEPD

Expected Expected Progeny Progeny Difference.Difference.

BullBull

Male animal used Male animal used for breeding cattle.for breeding cattle.

SteerSteer

Male that has been Male that has been castrated.castrated.

CowCow

Older female who Older female who has given birth.has given birth.

HeiferHeifer

Female less than 3 Female less than 3 years of age and years of age and not given birth.not given birth.

Polled Polled

Naturally Naturally Hornless cattle.Hornless cattle.

ScursScurs

Small horn tissue Small horn tissue attached to the attached to the skin rather than skin rather than the bone.the bone.

HornedHorned

Horns growing Horns growing from the skull of from the skull of the animal.the animal.

Terminal Sire Terminal Sire

Bull that all of Bull that all of his calves are his calves are sold to market.sold to market.

Paternial Sire Paternial Sire

Bull that all his Bull that all his heifer calves are heifer calves are used as used as replacement replacement cows.cows.

Open FemaleOpen Female

A non pregnant A non pregnant female.female.

MarblingMarbling

Specks of fat Specks of fat found in the found in the muscular tissue.muscular tissue.

CutabilityCutability

Amount of Amount of saleable retail saleable retail cuts that are cuts that are obtained from obtained from the carcass.the carcass.

CullingCulling

Removing less Removing less productive productive animals from the animals from the herd.herd.

DamDam

Female parent.Female parent.

SireSire

Male parent. Male parent.

Free MartinFree Martin

1 Male Calf 1 Male Calf

1 Female Calf1 Female Calf

Heifer calf will not Heifer calf will not breed. breed.

ProgenyProgeny

Offspring of Offspring of parents. parents.

PedigreePedigree

Record of the Record of the ancestors of a ancestors of a beef animal.beef animal.

Cattle Frame ScoreCattle Frame Score

Scores are given Scores are given from: 1-7from: 1-7

Helps place Helps place grades and grades and prices to cattle.prices to cattle.

ConformationConformation

The appearance The appearance of the live of the live animal.animal.

Includes: Includes: Skeletal Skeletal structure , structure , muscle, fat, muscle, fat, balance.balance.

Artificial InseminationArtificial Insemination

Used to improve Used to improve the quality of the the quality of the herd.herd.

DehorningDehorning

Removal of the Removal of the horns.horns.

Gestation PeriodGestation Period

285 Days285 Days

RuminantRuminant

1 Stomach1 Stomach 4 Compartments4 Compartments Parts:Parts: 1. Rumen1. Rumen 2. Reticulum2. Reticulum 3. Omasum3. Omasum 4. Abomasum4. Abomasum

Closed HerdClosed Herd

Herd in which no Herd in which no outside breeding outside breeding stock are stock are introduced.introduced.

DystociaDystocia

Abnormal or Abnormal or difficult labor difficult labor causing difficulty causing difficulty in delivering the in delivering the fetus.fetus.

Calving SeasonCalving Season

Season of the Season of the year when year when calves are born.calves are born.

Embryo TransferEmbryo Transfer

Removing Removing fertilized eggs fertilized eggs from 1 donor from 1 donor cow and placing cow and placing them in a host them in a host cow.cow.

Calf CropCalf Crop

Number or Number or percentage of percentage of calves produced calves produced within a herd in within a herd in a given year a given year relative to the relative to the number of cows. number of cows.

ParturitionParturition

Act of giving Act of giving birth; calving.birth; calving.

Ear TagEar Tag

Method of Method of identification by identification by attaching a tag attaching a tag to the ear.to the ear.

Half-SibsHalf-Sibs

Cattle sharing Cattle sharing the same sire the same sire but different but different dams.dams.

Half brother or Half brother or sistersister

Double MusclingDouble Muscling

Enlargement of Enlargement of the muscles with the muscles with large grooves large grooves between the between the muscle.muscle.

Cow-Calf SystemCow-Calf System

Cows raise the Cows raise the calves to calves to weaning age. weaning age. Those calves are Those calves are sold to other sold to other growers.growers.

Back Grounding SystemBack Grounding System

Calf is placed on Calf is placed on feed from feed from weaning to the weaning to the feedlot.feedlot.

Finishing SystemFinishing System

Cattle are placed Cattle are placed on feed at the on feed at the feedlot until they feedlot until they weigh 1,100-weigh 1,100-1300lbs1300lbs

RationRation

Amount of feed Amount of feed needed for a 24 needed for a 24 hour period. hour period. Enough feed for Enough feed for weight gainweight gain

Breeds Group WebquestBreeds Group Webquest

1.1. 2 people will work to present on a 2 people will work to present on a breed of beef cattle.breed of beef cattle.

2.2. Each group will create a 10 Slide Each group will create a 10 Slide Presentation.Presentation.

Cattle BreedsCattle Breeds CharolaisCharolais BeefmasterBeefmaster ChianinaChianina Belgian BlueBelgian Blue AngusAngus MarchigianaMarchigiana HerefordHereford RomagnolaRomagnola TarentaiseTarentaise SalersSalers LimousinLimousin Red AngusRed Angus BrahmanBrahman SimmentalSimmental Maine AnjouMaine Anjou Texas LonghornTexas Longhorn PiedmontesePiedmontese WagyuWagyu Red PollRed Poll GelbviehGelbvieh Santa GertrudisSanta Gertrudis Florida CrackerFlorida Cracker ShorthornShorthorn GallowayGalloway