bedah ortopedi

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BEDAH ORTOPEDI 1. Open fracture a. Gustillo-anderson classification Type I: Wound less than 1 cm Minimal soft tissue damage Wound bed is clean Typically low energy type injury Fracture type is typically one of the following:simple transverse, short oblique, and minimally comminuted. Type II: Wound greater than 1 cm Moderate soft tissue damage Minimal or no wound bed contamination Typically low energy type injury Fracture type is typically one of the following: simple transverse, short oblique, or minimally comminuted Type III: Wound greater than 1 cm Extensive soft tissue damage Typically a high energy type injury Highly unstable fractures often with multiple bone fragments Injury patterns resulting in fractures classified as to this category include: Open segmental fracture regardless of wound size, gun-shot wounds with bone involvement, open fractures with any type of neurovascular involvement, severely contaminated open fractures and traumatic amputations, and lastly open fractures with delayed treatment over 8 hours Type III is further subcategorized as: Type IIIA Adequate soft tissue coverage No local or distant flap coverage required Fracture may be open segmental or severely comminuted and still be subclassified as Type IIIA

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Page 1: BEDAH ORTOPEDI

BEDAH ORTOPEDI1. Open fracture

a. Gustillo-anderson classification

Type I:Wound less than 1 cmMinimal soft tissue damageWound bed is cleanTypically low energy type injuryFracture type is typically one of the following:simple

transverse, short oblique, and minimally comminuted.Type II:

Wound greater than 1 cmModerate soft tissue damageMinimal or no wound bed contaminationTypically low energy type injuryFracture type is typically one of the following:  simple

transverse, short oblique, or minimally comminutedType III:

Wound greater than 1 cmExtensive soft tissue damageTypically a high energy type injuryHighly unstable fractures often with multiple bone fragmentsInjury patterns resulting in fractures classified as to this

category include: Open segmental fracture regardless of wound size, gun-shot wounds with bone involvement, open fractures with any type of neurovascular involvement, severely contaminated open fractures and traumatic amputations, and lastly open fractures with delayed treatment over 8 hours

Type III is further subcategorized as:Type IIIA

Adequate soft tissue coverageNo local or distant flap coverage requiredFracture may be open segmental or severely comminuted and

still be subclassified as Type IIIAType IIIB

Extensive soft tissue lossLocal or distal flap coverage requiredWound bed contamination requiring serial irrigation and

debridement to clean the open fracture siteType IIIC

Major arterial injuryExtensive repair usually requiring the skills of a vascular

surgeon for limb salvage

Page 2: BEDAH ORTOPEDI

b. Penatalaksanaan sesuai grade

Pembersihan luka Luka kotor, bekuan darah dan material benda asing harsu dibuang dan dicuci dengan air steril, dan lebih ideal dengan garam fisiologis.

Debridemen/pembuangan jaringan avital a.       Membuang benda asing b.      Membuang jaringan avital

Reposisi dan stabilisasi tulang Reposisi dilakukan secara anatomis dan optimal untuk menghilangkan terjadinya dead space dan penekanan tulang pada kulit, sehingga penutupan luka tidak menjadi trgang.

Fiksasi/stabilisasi Dilakukan setelah reposisi untuk mempertahankan kedudukan patahan tulang.

Penutupan luka -          Penutupan luka untuk patah tulang terbuka tipe 1 dapat dilakukan dengan penutupan secara primer -          Penutupan luka untuk patah tulang teruka tipe 2 dan 3 sebaiknya dibiarkan terbuka dan memerlukan debridemen ulang bila ada tanda-tanda infeksi.

Pemberian antibiotika -          Pemberian antibiotiotika pada patah tulang bukanlah tindakan profilaksis, tapi merupakan tindakan terapeutik -          Cephalosorin merupakan broad spectrum yang diberikan secara parenteral, penambahan dengan aminoglikosida diindikasikan bila luka hebat (patah tulang tipe 3)

Pencegahan tetanus