bed bugs – resurgence of an old pest: biology &...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Bed Bugs – Resurgence of an Old Pest: Biology & Ecologycemariposa.ucanr.edu/files/158777.pdf• 1960-2000: Low incidence of bed bugs world wide • 1990’s: Pyrethroids insecticides](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062509/610987d767f9ae29a57a7fc4/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Bed Bugs – Resurgence of an Old Pest: Biology & Ecology
Dr. Bill Donahue
![Page 2: Bed Bugs – Resurgence of an Old Pest: Biology & Ecologycemariposa.ucanr.edu/files/158777.pdf• 1960-2000: Low incidence of bed bugs world wide • 1990’s: Pyrethroids insecticides](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062509/610987d767f9ae29a57a7fc4/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
History of the Bed Bug
Bats
Swallows
Cimicidae - Where did they come from?
Where To From There?
![Page 3: Bed Bugs – Resurgence of an Old Pest: Biology & Ecologycemariposa.ucanr.edu/files/158777.pdf• 1960-2000: Low incidence of bed bugs world wide • 1990’s: Pyrethroids insecticides](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062509/610987d767f9ae29a57a7fc4/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
There Goes the Neighborhood!
I’ve got a bad feeling about buying this cave
Common bed bug (Cimex lectularius) Tropical bed bug (Cimex hemipterus)
![Page 4: Bed Bugs – Resurgence of an Old Pest: Biology & Ecologycemariposa.ucanr.edu/files/158777.pdf• 1960-2000: Low incidence of bed bugs world wide • 1990’s: Pyrethroids insecticides](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062509/610987d767f9ae29a57a7fc4/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Common Names of Bed Bugs
Over 50 common names have been recorded including
• Red coats• Crimson rambler• Wall louse• Wallpaper flounders• Mahogany flat
![Page 5: Bed Bugs – Resurgence of an Old Pest: Biology & Ecologycemariposa.ucanr.edu/files/158777.pdf• 1960-2000: Low incidence of bed bugs world wide • 1990’s: Pyrethroids insecticides](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062509/610987d767f9ae29a57a7fc4/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Human Pest
A Global Problem
![Page 6: Bed Bugs – Resurgence of an Old Pest: Biology & Ecologycemariposa.ucanr.edu/files/158777.pdf• 1960-2000: Low incidence of bed bugs world wide • 1990’s: Pyrethroids insecticides](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062509/610987d767f9ae29a57a7fc4/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Bed Bugs Universally Detested
• Feed mostly at night, but can feed at any time of day• Sweet musty odor from scent glands• Blood spots on bedding – frass• 1939 – Greater London 4 million people troubled by
bed bugs• Just 12 years ago, most entomologists had never
seen bed bugs
![Page 7: Bed Bugs – Resurgence of an Old Pest: Biology & Ecologycemariposa.ucanr.edu/files/158777.pdf• 1960-2000: Low incidence of bed bugs world wide • 1990’s: Pyrethroids insecticides](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062509/610987d767f9ae29a57a7fc4/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Common Bed Bug- Cimex lectularius
Their Life CycleTheir Life Cycle
•Eggs hatch in 6-10 Days•5 nymphal instars•4-5 weeks for complete life cycle – egg to egg
![Page 8: Bed Bugs – Resurgence of an Old Pest: Biology & Ecologycemariposa.ucanr.edu/files/158777.pdf• 1960-2000: Low incidence of bed bugs world wide • 1990’s: Pyrethroids insecticides](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062509/610987d767f9ae29a57a7fc4/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Hatch Rates and Embryo Development
Hatch Rates:Harlan: 99.1%Earl: 97.2%Cincinnati: 97.9%
Average Length of Embryo Development:Harlan: 6.9 – 7.0 daysEarl: 6.7-7.2 daysCincinnati: 6.9 – 7.2 days
1st instar nymph – adult: ~5 weeks
© Sierra Research Laboratories, 2010
© Sierra Research Laboratories, 2010
![Page 9: Bed Bugs – Resurgence of an Old Pest: Biology & Ecologycemariposa.ucanr.edu/files/158777.pdf• 1960-2000: Low incidence of bed bugs world wide • 1990’s: Pyrethroids insecticides](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062509/610987d767f9ae29a57a7fc4/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Nymphs are tiny!Magnified 45X
![Page 10: Bed Bugs – Resurgence of an Old Pest: Biology & Ecologycemariposa.ucanr.edu/files/158777.pdf• 1960-2000: Low incidence of bed bugs world wide • 1990’s: Pyrethroids insecticides](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062509/610987d767f9ae29a57a7fc4/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Feeding Behavior
![Page 11: Bed Bugs – Resurgence of an Old Pest: Biology & Ecologycemariposa.ucanr.edu/files/158777.pdf• 1960-2000: Low incidence of bed bugs world wide • 1990’s: Pyrethroids insecticides](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062509/610987d767f9ae29a57a7fc4/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Product Testing and the Media
![Page 12: Bed Bugs – Resurgence of an Old Pest: Biology & Ecologycemariposa.ucanr.edu/files/158777.pdf• 1960-2000: Low incidence of bed bugs world wide • 1990’s: Pyrethroids insecticides](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062509/610987d767f9ae29a57a7fc4/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
http://abclocal.go.com/kgo/video?id=8442396
Media Portrayal
![Page 13: Bed Bugs – Resurgence of an Old Pest: Biology & Ecologycemariposa.ucanr.edu/files/158777.pdf• 1960-2000: Low incidence of bed bugs world wide • 1990’s: Pyrethroids insecticides](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062509/610987d767f9ae29a57a7fc4/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Human ImpactHeavy infestations can cause great distress
in peoples day to day lives.
![Page 14: Bed Bugs – Resurgence of an Old Pest: Biology & Ecologycemariposa.ucanr.edu/files/158777.pdf• 1960-2000: Low incidence of bed bugs world wide • 1990’s: Pyrethroids insecticides](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062509/610987d767f9ae29a57a7fc4/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
The Way It Was
DDT was hailed as “the miracle insecticide” and “almost perfect control product for this pest”
Resistance was observed after only 5 years of use.
![Page 15: Bed Bugs – Resurgence of an Old Pest: Biology & Ecologycemariposa.ucanr.edu/files/158777.pdf• 1960-2000: Low incidence of bed bugs world wide • 1990’s: Pyrethroids insecticides](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062509/610987d767f9ae29a57a7fc4/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Insecticide Resistance
• 1930’s – 40’s: DDT insecticide of choice• 1952-1956 DDT resistance wide spread• 1950’s: Malathion insecticide of choice• 1960-2000: Low incidence of bed bugs world wide
• 1990’s: Pyrethroids insecticides of choice
![Page 16: Bed Bugs – Resurgence of an Old Pest: Biology & Ecologycemariposa.ucanr.edu/files/158777.pdf• 1960-2000: Low incidence of bed bugs world wide • 1990’s: Pyrethroids insecticides](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062509/610987d767f9ae29a57a7fc4/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Permethrin Dose Response Test• Concentrations: 0.5%, 0.05% and 0.005% permethrin (EC
formulation)• 1 mL test substance applied inside a wax outline of a 9 cm
circle on a glass panel• 10 bed bugs per replicate, covered with a 100 x 15 mm Petri
dish lid• KD/Mortality: 15, 30, 45, 60 min, 2, 4, and 24, 48, 72, and 96
hr
![Page 17: Bed Bugs – Resurgence of an Old Pest: Biology & Ecologycemariposa.ucanr.edu/files/158777.pdf• 1960-2000: Low incidence of bed bugs world wide • 1990’s: Pyrethroids insecticides](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062509/610987d767f9ae29a57a7fc4/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Harlan (15 min)Conc. % KD
0.005% 31.0%0.05% 73.0%0.50% 96.7%
Cincy (1 hr)Conc. % KD
0.005% 13.3%0.05% 48.3%0.50% 26.7%Wolverine (4 hr)Conc. % KD
0.005% 3.6%0.05% 13.3%0.50% 56.7%
Earl (1 hr)Conc. % KD
0.005% 33.3%0.05% 80.0%0.50% 82.1%
![Page 18: Bed Bugs – Resurgence of an Old Pest: Biology & Ecologycemariposa.ucanr.edu/files/158777.pdf• 1960-2000: Low incidence of bed bugs world wide • 1990’s: Pyrethroids insecticides](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062509/610987d767f9ae29a57a7fc4/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Where do we find them?
Bed bugs are typically found in places like this...
And even thisThis
![Page 19: Bed Bugs – Resurgence of an Old Pest: Biology & Ecologycemariposa.ucanr.edu/files/158777.pdf• 1960-2000: Low incidence of bed bugs world wide • 1990’s: Pyrethroids insecticides](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062509/610987d767f9ae29a57a7fc4/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Resurgence of Bed Bugs
• Increase global travel• Lacks quarantine efforts• No social or economic barriers• Decrease in residual pesticide
applications• Product shift to baits – Ants,
Cockroaches• Insecticide Resistance
![Page 20: Bed Bugs – Resurgence of an Old Pest: Biology & Ecologycemariposa.ucanr.edu/files/158777.pdf• 1960-2000: Low incidence of bed bugs world wide • 1990’s: Pyrethroids insecticides](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062509/610987d767f9ae29a57a7fc4/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Medical Importance of Bed Bugs
• Prefer humans but will readily feed on birds, rodents, and other mammals – Pets?
• Naturally infected with 27 human pathogensBUT!!! • Not proven to biologically transmit even ONE
human pathogen!• Itching and inflamed hypersensitivity –
“Sensitivity Syndrome”• Blood loss not usually a problem
![Page 21: Bed Bugs – Resurgence of an Old Pest: Biology & Ecologycemariposa.ucanr.edu/files/158777.pdf• 1960-2000: Low incidence of bed bugs world wide • 1990’s: Pyrethroids insecticides](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062509/610987d767f9ae29a57a7fc4/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Integrated Pest Management
•Proper Identification•Education and Cooperation •Thorough Inspection•Control Measures: Chemical & Non-Chemical•Follow-Up
![Page 22: Bed Bugs – Resurgence of an Old Pest: Biology & Ecologycemariposa.ucanr.edu/files/158777.pdf• 1960-2000: Low incidence of bed bugs world wide • 1990’s: Pyrethroids insecticides](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062509/610987d767f9ae29a57a7fc4/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Monitoring is the key!
Leave no object Leave no object unturnedunturned
Traps
![Page 23: Bed Bugs – Resurgence of an Old Pest: Biology & Ecologycemariposa.ucanr.edu/files/158777.pdf• 1960-2000: Low incidence of bed bugs world wide • 1990’s: Pyrethroids insecticides](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062509/610987d767f9ae29a57a7fc4/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
New Pesticides and Products
•Dusts
•Liquid Concentrates
•Foggers: Py + PBO
•Aerosols: IGR’s
•Traps
•Natural Products
![Page 24: Bed Bugs – Resurgence of an Old Pest: Biology & Ecologycemariposa.ucanr.edu/files/158777.pdf• 1960-2000: Low incidence of bed bugs world wide • 1990’s: Pyrethroids insecticides](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062509/610987d767f9ae29a57a7fc4/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Alternative Methods
•Heat Treatments•Cold Treatments•Vacuuming•Natural Enemies•Cultural Practices e.g. reduce harborage, physical barriers, discard infested items
![Page 25: Bed Bugs – Resurgence of an Old Pest: Biology & Ecologycemariposa.ucanr.edu/files/158777.pdf• 1960-2000: Low incidence of bed bugs world wide • 1990’s: Pyrethroids insecticides](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062509/610987d767f9ae29a57a7fc4/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Research
•Product Development
•New Methods
•Label Expansion
![Page 26: Bed Bugs – Resurgence of an Old Pest: Biology & Ecologycemariposa.ucanr.edu/files/158777.pdf• 1960-2000: Low incidence of bed bugs world wide • 1990’s: Pyrethroids insecticides](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062509/610987d767f9ae29a57a7fc4/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
The Lighter Side
![Page 27: Bed Bugs – Resurgence of an Old Pest: Biology & Ecologycemariposa.ucanr.edu/files/158777.pdf• 1960-2000: Low incidence of bed bugs world wide • 1990’s: Pyrethroids insecticides](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062509/610987d767f9ae29a57a7fc4/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Any Questions?
Can Stop Bed Bugs!