becky & shawnee. what is ocd? is an anxiety disorder that effects 1-2% of the population they...
TRANSCRIPT
Becky & Shawnee
What is OCD?What is OCD? Is an anxiety disorder that effects 1-2% of the
population They experience obsessions and
compulsions Obsessions – unwanted thoughts, images or
impulses that cause a lot of stress and anxiety Compulsions – are behaviours or acts that
are carried out to reduce the anxiety
What is OCD?
OCD can be different from person to person
Some cases of OCD can not be treated as well as others
OCD affects every part of a person's life Can occur at any age but often before
the age of 40
Causes of OCDCauses of OCD Behavioural Theory - Suggests that people
with OCD associate certain objects or situations with fear, and that they learn to avoid the things they fear or to perform rituals that help reduce the fear
Cognitive Theory - The cognitive theory focuses on how people with OCD misinterpret their thoughts and feelings
Causes of OCDCauses of OCD Genetics
Often runs in the family (half of the recorded cases show this pattern)
Research studies report that parents, siblings and children of a person with OCD have a greater chance of developing OCD than someone with no family history of the disorder.
A commonly asked question is if OCD can be learned by another person
Researchers have looked for certain genes that may be linked to OCD, but have not been able to find any
It is believed, however there may be genes that are involved in regulating serotonin, and passed on through the generations.
Causes of OCD Causes of OCD Serotonin
Research have revealed a link between OCD and insufficient levels of a brain chemical called serotonin.
Serotonin is one of the brain's chemical messengers that transmit signals between the brain cells.
Serotonin plays a role in the regulation of mood, aggression, impulse control, sleep, appetite, body temperature and pain.
All of the medications used to treat OCD raise the levels of serotonin available to transmit messages.
SymptomsSymptoms
ObsessionsObsessions Contamination Repeated Doubting Ordering Religious Aggressive Sexual
CompulsionsCompulsions Cleaning/Washing Checking Arranging/Ordering Hoarding
Exposure and Response Exposure and Response Prevention (ERP)Prevention (ERP) The most widely practised behaviour therapy
for OCD is called exposure and response prevention
There are two components:Exposure TreatmentResponse Prevention Treatment
Treatment starts with exposure to situations that cause the least anxiety
As the patient overcomes these, they move on to situations that cause more anxiety
ERPERP
Exposure TreatmentControlled exposure (direct or imagined) to
objects or situations that trigger obsessions while raising anxiety levels
Over time the exposure leads to less anxiety and over a long period of time it leads to very little anxiety at all
ERPERP
Response Prevention TreatmentThe ritual behaviours that people with OCD
engage in to reduce anxiety Patients learn to resist the compulsion to
perform rituals and are eventually able to stop engaging in these behaviours
Serotonin Reuptake Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors - Inhibitors - SRISRI Type of antidepressant Main function is to increase levels of serotonin
in the brain Take one a day Doses can change as time goes on Over time, OCD becomes less intense and
happens less often
SRI SRIs won’t always work for everyone Not uncommon for someone to try 2 or 3 SRI
drugs before finding one that works best Most people try at least 3 SRI drugs before
considering other types of medication
Other MedicationsOther Medications
Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors The monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs)
are effective antidepressants The two MAOIs available are phenelzine
(Nardil) and tranylcipramine (Parnate). Both are less effective against obsession than SRI’s, and both have more complicated side-effects
The MAOIs are used to treat OCD only when SRI medications fail
RecoveryRecovery Therapy and medication only help the
symptoms of OCD It often takes a person time to get back onto a
regular schedule OCD may disrupt ability to function at work, in
social situations and in the family Once the symptoms of OCD improve, and
after attempting to return to a normal life, addressing the practical and emotional issues can be difficult
RecoveryRecovery OCD can lower a person's self-confidence,
making the person feel insecure and vulnerable in situations that were once familiar and comfortable
Can cause people to become dependent on those around them
People are often surprised at how frightened they are at the thought of being independent and resuming their responsibilities
These reactions are a normal part of the recovery
RecoveryRecovery Recovery is a process At first, the person should ease into familiar
activities with modest expectations. Slowly take on responsibilities and build their
self-confidence.
Obsessive Compulsive Personality Disorder (OCPD) The majority of people with OCPD do not have
OCD These disorders are commonly confused People with OCPD have personality traits
reflecting extreme perfectionism, indecision, preoccupation with details and rules, and must have things their way with family, friends and colleagues
They are over-conscientious and show little expression, affection or enjoyment with others
ConclusionConclusion In conclusion, OCD is a tough disorder to live
with. We all may think that OCD can have an easy fix, and that it really isn’t that hard to live with. But, the reality is that it is not, as it affects almost every aspect of the persons life, whether it be interactions with family or friends, or simple everyday tasks that we all take for granted.
SourcesSources http://allpsych.com/disorders/dsm.html http://www.cmha.ca/bins/content_page.asp?cid=3-94-95 http://www.ocdcanada.com/ http://www.anxietybc.com/resources/ocd.php http://www.camh.net/About_Addiction_Mental_Health/
Mental_Health_Information/OCD/index.html http://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/obsessive-compulsive-disorder-ocd/
index.shtml http://anxiety.stjoes.ca/obsessive.htm http://www.ocdontario.org/ http://www.heretohelp.bc.ca/publications/factsheets/ocd