BY: PRIYANKA THAKER

Beauty of Cyclosporine

History of Cyclosporine

Comes from the fungus Tolypocladium inflatum which was discovered in 1970.

Tolypocladium inflatum was isolated from Norwegian soil samples.

Found to be immunosuppressant-- cyclosporine in 1976 by J. F. Borel

Cyclosporine was approved for use in 1983 to prevent graft rejection in transplants.

Approved for the treatment of severe psoriasis in 1997.

Scientific Classification

Kingdom: Fungi Phylum: Asomycota Class: Sordariomycetes Subclass: Sordariomycetidae Order: Hypocreales Family: Ophiocordycipitaceae Genus: Tolypocladium Species: T. inflatum

Uses of cyclosporine Is an immunosuppressant which suppress or reduce the strength of the

immune system

Cyclosporine is used to prevent transplant rejection in people who have undergone kidney, heart and liver transplants.

It is approved in the US for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, severe psoriasis and as an ophthalmic emulsion for the treatment of dry eyes (Restasis).

Also used in severe atopic dermatitis ,Kimura's disease, pyoderma gangrenosum, chronic autoimmune urticaria

Plaque Psoriasis Patients Plaque psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin condition that is partially due to an

overactive immune system. It causes the body to grow skin cells at a rapid rate causing these skin cells to pile on top of each other forming red patches--- plaque.

In 1997, the Federal Drug administration approved Neoral (cyclosporine) for the treatment of patients with severe psoriasis.

Usage of cyclosporine suppresses the growth of skin cells

Only used for SEVERE plaque psoriasis if prior methotrexate use is insufficient.

Cyclosporine is highly effective in clearing psoriasis and can prevent relapse.

Not recommended for people who have a weak immune system since cyclosporine is an immunosuppresant.

Side effects Kidney problems

High BP

Skin cancer

Structure of Cyclosporine

It was shown to have 11 amino acids and was determined to play a significant role in organ transplants.

Cyclic polypeptide

How Does Cyclosporine Work? As cyclosporine enters the body, it suppresses T- cell

function. Reducing T- cell function will enable successful

transplantation since T cells purpose of function is to kill off objects viewed as foreign.

Cyclosporine reduces the T cell function without affecting B cell function and the production of antibodies. Therefore, suppressing T-cell function allows for the transplanted organ to be accepted without a problem.

Not all organ transplants will be rejected by the body. However, cyclosporine is used as precautionary measures.

Negative Effects of Cyclosporine Because cyclosporine is an immunosuppressant, it may cause

patients to be vulnerable to OTHER health problems. IT IS VERY TOXIC!!!

Usage of cyclosporine may cause high BP, kidney problems. It also encourages cancerous tumor growth.

Side effects: headache, vomiting, nausea, diarrhea, upset stomach, cramps, increased hair growth, tremor, swollen/red/painful gums, dizziness.

Serious side effects: dark urine, persistent nausea/vomiting, severe stomach/abdominal pain, yellowing of the skin/eyes, vomit that looks like coffee grounds, change in the appearance or size of skin moles/lesions, changes in skin color, loss of consciousness, mental/mood changes, vision changes, swollen glands, unusual lumps, night sweats

Forms of Cyclosporine This medicine is usually given 4 to 12 hours before organ

transplantation via needle placed in a vein

Comes in the form of oral capsule and solution (liquid)

Solution must be mixed with a liquid such as orange juice or milk. NO GRAPE FRUIT OR GRAPEFRUIT JUICE!!!

Comes in the brand name Gengraf, Neoral, Sandimmune Capsules, Sandimmune Oral solution

Works Cited

"Cyclosporine (Intravenous Route)." - Drugs and Supplements. http://www.mayoclinic.org/drugs-supplements/cyclosporine-intravenous-route/description/drg-20067296 Thomson Healthcare Inc, 1 Feb. 2014. 4 4

"Cyclosporine Oral : Uses, Side Effects, Interactions, Pictures, Warnings & Dosing - WebMD." WebMD. http://www.webmd.com/drugs/mono-5108-CYCLOSPORINE+SOLUTION+-+ORAL.aspx?drugid=5645&drugname=cyclosporine+oral , n.d. Web. 27 Apr. 2014.

"Cyclosporine: MedlinePlus Drug Information." U.S National Library of Medicine. http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginfo/meds/a601207.html , 27 Mar. 2014.

 Moore, David. "David Moore's World of Fungi: Where Mycology Starts." 4.1: The Cyclosporine Story. http://www.davidmoore.org.uk/Sec04_01.htm N.p., 7 June 2012.

 Wells, Kendra. " Cyclosporine." Cyclosporine. http://bioweb.uwlax.edu/bio203/2011/wells_kend/cyclosporine.htm N.p., 16 Apr. 2011. 4

http://d-scholarship.pitt.edu/3963/1/31735062115443.pdf http://www.med.nyu.edu/content?ChunkIID=21718