bcor 11 – exploring biology lecture 1 08/29/05 introduction
DESCRIPTION
BCOR 11 – Exploring Biology Lecture 1 08/29/05 Introduction. Dr. Mike Vayda Dr. Don Stratton. TODAY’S TOPICS Course Operations Principles of Living Things Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes The Basis for Scientific Discovery Hypothesis testing through data collection. Course Fundamentals. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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BCOR 11 – Exploring Biology
Lecture 1 08/29/05
IntroductionDr. Mike VaydaDr. Don Stratton
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TODAY’S TOPICS
Course Operations
Principles of Living Things
Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes
The Basis for Scientific DiscoveryHypothesis testing through data collection
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Course Fundamentals
Scope and Purpose:Cellular Biology ModuleMolecules, Cell Physiology, Molecular Genetics
Course Homepage:www.uvm.edu/~biology/classes/011/
Text: Biology, 7th Edition by Campbell and Reece
Lecture Schedule, Assigned Readings:www.uvm.edu/~biology/classes/011/?page=lecsched.html
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Exams:Sept 23, Oct 19, Nov 14Final Exam week of Dec 10
Take best 2 out of 3
REQUIRED
No make up exams
Exam Format: multiple, multiple choicecan have 1 or more correct answers
Must come to our sectionsB or D
REVIEW SESSION before each exam
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4. The molecule pictured at right :a. Is an amino acidb. Contains a chiral carbon c. Is a nucleic acid monomerd. Is soluble in watere. Is the left handed form of a stereoisomer paird. Is a building block of proteinse. Is alaninef. Is glutamic acidg. Is glucoseh. Has a polar R-groupj. Was downloaded from Howard Dean’s Web Site
1. Water can spontaneously dissociate to form:a. Two political partiesb. H+ and OH- speciesc. Hydrophobic and hydrophilic speciesd. Na+ and Cl- speciese. Chiral (handed) carbonsf. Membrane-bound organellesg. Ionsh. Hydrogen bonds to nonpolar functional groupsj. Democratic presidential candidates
k. dipoles
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STRATEGIES FOR SUCCESS
Come to ClassTake notes, ask questions, review frequentlyRead the Book!
Office Hours: Vayda - call 6-0555 or [email protected] – call 6-9371 or [email protected]
Study with friends, classmates
Tutoring available from Living and Learning6-4075 (Dave DiElsi)
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Lecture and Lab
Concepts vs. Techniques
MoleculesWaterMacromoleculesCell StructuresEnergeticsCellular BiochemistryCell DivisionMolecular Genetics
MicroscopyImmunocytochemistryBacterial transformationProtein isolation and
characterizationDNA isolation and
characterization
Lectures NOT coupled to Labs
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GRADING
200 pts – hour exams200 pts – final exam200 pts – Laboratory 100 pts – Assignments (through Lab)700 pts TOTAL
Academic Honesty- exams- lab write ups
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QUESTIONS on Course Operations ?
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Chapter 1 Readings Topics
Properties of Living ThingsTypes of Cells
Emergent PropertiesReductionism, Systems Biology
Feedback
Taxonomy
Evolution
Hypothesis Driven Science
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Figure 1.2
(c) Response to the environment
(a) Order
(d) Regulation
(g) Reproduction (f) Growth and development
(b) Evolutionary adaptation
(e) Energy processing
We recognize life by what organisms do:
Create order
RegulateTheirDomain
Control energy flow
ProduceOffspring
grow
respond
Adapt throughNatural Selection
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Biosphere
Ecosystem
Community
Population
Species
Individual Multicellular Organism
System
Organ
Tissue
CELL
CELL
Sub-cellular Organelles
Sub-cellular Complexes
Macromolecules
Monomeric molecules
Atoms
Subatomic Particles-protons-neutrons-electrons
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4. Build COMPLEX STRUCTURES from simple structuresmonomers polymers
Fundamental Life ProcessesFundamental Life Processes1. The CELLCELL is the basic unit of life
2. All cells come from pre-existing cells
3. Cells Delineate INSIDE from OUTSIDE OUTSIDE compartmentscontrol the microenvironment - MEMBRANES
5. Life Requires ENERGY INPUTENERGY INPUT, because of 3 & 4, because of 3 & 4going uphillgoing uphill
6. ORGANIZATION (SPATIAL INFORMATION)heredity, cell organization, self-assembly – informational surfaces
Concentrate things against gradients
Create ORDER and COMPLEXITY
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Chapter 1 Readings Topics
Properties of Living ThingsTypes of Cells
Emergent PropertiesReductionism, Systems Biology
Feedback
Taxonomy
Evolution
Hypothesis Driven Science
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Two Broad Two Broad Classes of CellsClasses of Cells
ProProkaryoteskaryotes EuEukaryoteskaryotesPro = before Eu = true
karyon = nucleus
DO NOT HAVEA NUCLEUS
NO internal membranes
HAVEA NUCLEUS
membrane-bound organelles
bacteria, cyanobacteria archaebacteria
plantsAnimals
fungi
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Relative SizesRelative Sizes
“Typical” ~ 1-2 M Bacterium
“Typical” ~ 5 to 20 M diameter Animal Cell
“Typical” ~ 5 to 50 M diameter Plant Cell
M = micrometer or micron =10-6 meter
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Milli micronano
Tissues
Cells Organelles MacromolecularComplexes
Proteins MacromoleculesMolecules/Atoms
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Animal Cell (Eukaryotic)
Internalmembrane-bound
Organelles
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Bacterial Cell(Prokaryotic)
Nointernal
membranes
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Bacterial cell (Prokaryotic
On the samesize scale:
Animal Cell (Eukaryotic)
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Species Genus Family Order Class Phylum Kingdom Domain
Mammalia
Ursusameri-canus(Americanblack bear)
Ursus
Ursidae
Carnivora
Chordata
Animalia
EukaryaFigure 1.14
• Classifying lifeTAXONOMY – grouping of organisms with similar
characteristics
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Unity in the Diversity of Life• As diverse as life is
– There is also evidence of remarkable unity
Cilia of Paramecium.The cilia of Parameciumpropel the cell throughpond water.
Cross section of cilium, as viewedwith an electron microscope
15 µm
1.0 µm
5 µm
Cilia of windpipe cells. The cells that line the human windpipe are equipped with cilia that help keep the lungs clean by moving a film of debris-trapping mucus upward.Figure 1.16
Genetic MechanismsBiochemistryCellular Components,
organization, function
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The SCIENTIFIC METHOD
1. FORMULATE a reasonable hypothesis to Explain an observation
2. TEST the hypothesis with a Controlled, Reproducible Experiment
3. ASSESS results of the experiment
4. Draw CONCLUSION of “How Things Work”
- then test that
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“[scientific truth] is not a citadel of certainty to be defended against error; it is a shady spot where one eats lunch before tramping on” L. White, 1968
Observations
Questions
Hypothesis # 1:Dead batteries
Hypothesis # 2:Burnt-out bulb
Prediction:Replacing batterieswill fix problem
Prediction:Replacing bulbwill fix problem
Test prediction
Test does not falsify hypothesis
Test prediction
Test falsifies hypothesisFigure 1.25
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prior to the 17th Century
Life was considered “super-natural”beyond the Laws of Nature
SPONTANEOUS GENERATIONliving things arise de novo = “from nothing”
Wet hay gives rise to micemosquitoes come from swamps, ponds, puddles
decaying corpses turn into maggots
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Francesco Redi’s experiment:
Control Experimental
Control Experimental
Start
1 week later
Conclusion: Maggots come from flies, not from the decaying meat
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Redi’s Follow-Up Experiment:
Cover 1 week
Conclusion: maggots are immature forms of flies
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Next Time
Chapter 2:
Atoms, Bonding, Molecules
Will begin - Chapter 3: Water