bc1. introduction to the prophets
DESCRIPTION
The first of five sessions on the prophets in the Old Testament at Bible & Culture 2010. This session highlights the prophets' central purpose and begins to introduce their historical context. In particular, it centres on the covenants of the Old Testament, which form an essential background for understanding the prophets' messages.TRANSCRIPT
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The Prophets
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Historical
Wisdom
Prophetic
Historical
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Canonical prophets
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Old Testament
Pentateuch
History books
Wisdom Lit.
Prophets
Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus,Numbers, Deuteronomy
Joshua, Judges, Ruth, 1–2 Samuel1–2 Kings, 1–2 Chronicles, Ezra,Nehemiah, Esther
Job, Psalms, Proverbs, Ecclesiastes, Song of Solomon
Isaiah, Jeremiah, Lamentations, Ezekiel, Daniel, Minor Prophets
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New Testament
Revelation
History
Timeless present
Anticipation
Matthew Mark, Luke, John
Acts
Romans – Jude
Revelations
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Old Testament
New Testament
Christian Jewish
Tanak
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ProphetsHistory
LawPentateuch
History
InstructionTorah
History
ProphetsProphets
Wisdom
Old Testament Tanak
Wisdom
Prophets
Prophets
WritingsKetuvim
Nevi’im
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Nev
i’im
Tanak
Ketuvim
Law/Instruction Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus,Numbers, Deuteronomy
Joshua, Judges, Samuel, Kings
Psalms, Job, Proverbs, Ruth, Song of Solomon, Ecclesiastes, Lamentations, Esther, Daniel, Ezra–Nehemiah, Chronicles
Isaiah, Jeremiah, Ezekiel, Book of the TwelveLatter Prophets
Writings
Former Prophets
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?How do you feel about the prophets in the Old Testament?
What do you find difficult about them?
Why is it important to study them?
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They have a queer way of talking, like people who, instead of proceeding in an orderly manner, ramble off from one thing to the next so that you cannot make heads or tails of them or see what they are getting at.Martin Luther
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GOD
usthem
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12
barriers to
understanding
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Language Geography
HistoryCulture
Religion
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so why study the prophets?
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?What is the ultimate meaning of life for any human being? What is the highest value of human life?
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to know God
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Why do we have the Bible?
So that we can know God
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‘I will be your God and you will be my people’
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But now that you have come to know God, or rather to be known by God, how can you turn back again to the weak and worthless elementary principles of the world, whose slaves you want to be once more?
Galatians 4:9
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covenant
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contract
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A covenant formally binds two parties together in a relationship, on the basis of mutual personal commitment, with consequences for keeping or breaking the covenant.
ESV Study Bible
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Adam
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But like Adam they transgressed the covenant; there they dealt faithlessly with me.
Hosea 6:7
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?Read Genesis 1:28–30; 2:16–17
Who is the covenant between?
What commitments are made?
What are the requirements?
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Adam⇒ humanity / all creation
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Noah
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?Read Genesis 9:1–17
Who is the covenant between?
What commitments are made?
What are the requirements?
What is the sign of the covenant?
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Noah⇒ humanity / all creation
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Abraham
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I will make you into a great nation. I will bless you and make you famous, and you will be a blessing to others. I will bless those who bless you and curse those who treat you with contempt. All the families on earth will be blessed through you.
Genesis 12:1–3, NLT
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?Read Genesis 17:1–27
Who is the covenant between?
What commitments are made?
What are the requirements?
What is the sign of the covenant?
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Abraham⇒ Israel
⇒ blessing to all nations
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CANAAN
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Moses
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Now if you will obey me and keep my covenant, you will be my own special treasure from among all the peoples on the earth; for the earth belongs to me. . . .
Exodus 19:1
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Moses⇒ Israel
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Jericho
CANAANMOAB
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Zebullun
Judah
Gad
Nap
htal
i
Issachar
BenjaminDan
Ephraim
Manasseh(half)
Manasseh(half)
MOAB
AMMON
EDOMMIDIANAMALEK
ARAMAsher
Reuben
PHIL
IST
INES
Simeon
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David
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Don’t you realise that the Lord, the God of Israel, made a lasting covenant with David, giving him and his descendants the throne of Israel forever?
2 Chronicles 13:5
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?Read 2 Samuel 7:4–17
Who is the covenant between?
What commitments are made?
What are the requirements?
What is the sign of the covenant?
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David⇒ Israel
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historical context
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origins of prophetism
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?Who is the earliest prophet in the OT?
Who is the greatest prophet in the OT?
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Moses
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greatest prophet
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There has never been another prophet in Israel like Moses, whom the Lord knew face to face.
Deuteronomy 34:10
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What other nation is so great as to have such righteous decrees and laws as this body of laws I am setting before you today?
Deuteronomy 4:8
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covenant blessings
life
prosperity
health respect
abundance
security
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covenant curses
disease
defeat
drought
dearth
dangerdisgrace
death
destruction
deportation
destitution
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enemy within
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?Read Deuteronomy 18:9–22
What are the people of God to avoid?
Why? What is the purpose of these pagan practices?
What is the only valid option for God’s people? Why?
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When the Lord your God eliminates the nations from the place where you are headed and you dispossess them, you will settle down in their land. After they have been destroyed from your presence, be careful not to be ensnared like they are; do not pursue their gods and say, ‘How do these nations serve their gods? I will do the same.’ . . .
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You must not worship the Lord your God the way they do! For everything that is abhorrent to him, everything he hates, they have done when worshipping their gods. They even burn up their sons and daughters before their gods!
Deuteronomy 12:29–31 (NET)
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•Failure to deal with pagan nations
•Failure to live by God’s standards
•Failure to have God at the centre of life and worship
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Turning from God
Oppression
Cryingto God
Rescuer(Judge)
Peace
58
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In those days Israel had no king; everyone did as he saw fit.
Judges 17:6; 18:1; 19:1; 21:25
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prophets = nabi
called (by God) to call out (for God)
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Prophets are called by God
. . . to speak from God
. . . about God
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authority
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uniformity
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Whether he is discussing the past, present or future, the prophet is seeking to make God the most genuine reality that men can know and experience.
A.B. MickelsonInterpreting the Bible, p. 287
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not foretelling
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forthtelling
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Prophecy is essentially a ministry of disclosure, a stripping bare. Israel’s great prophets do not merely lift the veil of the future in order to destroy false expectations; at the same time, they expose the conduct of their contemporaries. . . . Prophets tear the masks away and show the true face of the people behind them.
Hans Walter Wolff, Confrontations
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God’s glory
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God’s ultimate concern
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The Word of the LORD
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Calling people back to the covenant
Covenant enforcement mediators(Fee and Stuart)
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Warning of judgment
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Promising restoration
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Restoration
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Basic pattern
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Identification of Israel’s sin
Announcement of judgment
Declaration of God’s love for Israel
Announcement of blessing
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Monday, 19 July 2010