bballb leadership

7/30/2019 BBALLB Leadership

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LEADERSHIP

Sangeeta SharmaUPES


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Learning Objectives

1. Concept of Leadership

2. Leadership Styles3. Qualities of a good Leader.


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Producers and Managers are important, but leadersare vital to lasting organisational success. -Stephen Covey

Management can get the results from the people in

the organisation in two ways:a) by exercise of authority vested in it

b) by winning support of the people.

Out of these two, the second method is better as it

has a lasting effect over the peoples motivation.The successful organisation has one major attributethat sets it apart from unsuccessful org., that isdynamic and effective leadership.


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Leadership: Definition

Leadership is the process of influencing andsupporting others to work enthusiasticallytowards achieving objectives.

Nature of Leadership:1. Leadership depends upon personal traits.

2. Leadership is situational.

3. Leaders are also followers.4. Leadership is a pervasive function.

5. Leadership aims at goal achievement


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i. Development of individuals: The willingness,enthusiasm and confidence that leaders buildin their followers for accomplishment of

individual & org., goals result in their overallgrowth & development.

ii. Building the team spirit: A leader works ascaptain of the team. Leaders develop team

spirit amongst the followers to workcollectively and coordinate their activities withorg., activities and goals.


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I. Motivation: Leaders motivate employees to

take up jobs they are otherwise not willing to

perform. They combine peoples ability with

willingness and drive them to action.

II. Facilitates change: Effective leaders

convince members about the need and the

benefits of org., change.


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Difference between leadership

and management Leadership deals with vision-keeping the mission in

sight-and with effectiveness and results.Management deals with establishing structure andsystems to get those results.

Leadership focuses on the top line. Managementfocuses on the bottom line

Leadership inspires and motivates people to worktogether with a common vision and purpose.

Management involves controlling and monitoringresults against plans, identifying deviations, and thenplanning and organising to solve the problems.


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LEADERSHIP STYLES

Leadership styles (Habits of actions) are the

patterns of behavior which a leader adopts in

influencing the behavior of his

followers(subordinates).

Various researchers have proposed different

Leadership styles. These are based on

Behavioural and Situational approach ofleadership.


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Based on Behavioural Approach

1) Behavioural Approach:-

2) Power Orientation3) Leadership as a Continuum

4) Likerts Management system

5) Managerial Grid6) Tri- dimensional grid.


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Based on Situational Approach

Situational Approach:-

1) Fiedlers contingency model

2) Hursey and Blanchards situational model

3) Path-goal modelPower Orientation:- Based on the degree of

authority which a leader uses in influencing thebehavior of his subordinates.

a) Autocratic Leadershipb) Participative Leadership

c) Free-rein Leadership.


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Behavioural-Power-1.Autocratic

Autocratic Leadership: Also known as authoritarian, directive ormonothetic style.

1) A manager centralises decision-making power in himself.

2) He/She structures the complete situation for h/her employees and theydo what they are told.

3) The Leadership may be negative as followers are uninformed, insecureand afraid.

There are three categories of Autocratic Leaders:

Strict Autocrat: The method used is through negative motivation-critising subordinates, imposing penalty.

Benevolent Autocrat: Centralises decision-making power in him butmotivation style is Positive.(effective in getting efficiency)

Incompetent Autocrat: Superiors adopt this style just to hide theirincompetence, bcoz in other styles they may be exposed before theresubordinates. However this cannot be used for a long period of time.


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1.Autocratic Techniques

Advantages

It provides strong motivation& reward to a managerexercising this style.

It permits very quick decisions

as most of the decisions aretaken by a single person.

Less competent subordinatesalso have the scope to work inthe org. as they do negligibleplanning, organizing anddecision making.

Disadvantages

Employees lack motivation.Frustration, low morale andconflict develop in org.reducing the org. efficiency.

There is more dependenceand less individuality in theorg.


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2

Participative:

This style involves the leader and one or more employeesin the decision-making process. However, the leadermaintains the final decision making authority.

Advantages:Highly motivating technique to employee as they feelelevated when their ideas and suggestions are givenweight in decision making.

Improved Communication(constant Interaction)

Increase in job satisfaction and cooperation withmanagement.

Reduction in employees absenteeism. employeesproductivity is high as he is party to decision making.


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3. Free-Rein or Laissez-faire

leaders Free- rein or laissez- faire means giving full freedom to

subordinates.

In this style, manager once determines policies, programs,and limitation for action and the entire process is left to

subordinates. Group members perform everything and themanagers usually maintain contacts with the outside worldto bring information which the group needs.

Advantages:

Helps subordinates to develop independent personality. Employees potential is exploited to the fullest extent.

Subordinates train their group members and motivate themto work.


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A good leader uses all three styles.

1) Use an Authoritarian style on a new employee who

is just learning the job.

2) Use Participative style with a team of workers who

know their job.

3) Use Delegate style with a worker who knows moreabout the job than the leader.


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Meaning: In 1973, Tannenbaum and Schmidtdeveloped a pattern of choosing leadership

behaviour. In this pattern, the total area offreedom shared by manager and non-manager isrefined by interaction b/w them & the forces inthe environment.

consult pageno:-742.


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3. Linkerts Management

System Meaning:- Rensis Likert developed four styles of

leadership.

1. Exploitative Autocratic system1.

2. Benevolent Autocratic system2.

3. Participative system3

4. Democratic system4.

Likert has taken seven variables of different managementsystems motivation, communication, interaction-

influence, decision-making, goal setting, leadershipcontrol process.

Consult page no:- 744.


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4. Management Grid

Meaning: This approach to leadership wasdeveloped in 1960s by Robert Blake & Janemouton. According to them, Leadership style,

employee-oriented or production-orienteddepends on where the leader positions himselfon the managerial grid.

Managerial grid is a two dimensional matrix with

points ranging from 1-9 on either axis. Horizontalaxis represents leaders concern for production &vertical axis represents his concern for people.


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Managerial grid

Blake & Mouton have described five leadership styles:-

Impoverished management: leaders interference in taskaccomplishment is minimum.

Country club management: This represents low concern forproduction & high concern for people. Leaders attitude isemployee-oriented.

Task management: Leaders are concerned more with productionand less with people.There is a structured work environment whereminimum attention is paid to human needs & their satisfaction.

Team management: This is the most effective style of leadershipwhere leaders show maximum concern for people and task.

Organisation man management: In this leaders satisfy bothproduction and human needs through moderate concern forproduction and people.


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5.

Reddin conceptualised this grid, also known as 3-D management, borrowing some of the ideasfrom MG.

THREE AXIS ARE:-

a) TASK-ORIENTATION(TO) characterised by P,O,C.

b) RELATIONSHIP-O.(RO) characterised by mutualtrust, respect for subordinates ideas, theirsuggestions & feelings.

c) EFFECTIVENESS. When the style of a leader isappropriate to a given situation.


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5.Tridimensional grid

Basic style Less effective style More effective style

Integrated Compromiser Executive

Dedicated Autocrat Benevolent autocrat

Related Missionary Developer

Seperated Deserter Burecrat


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Presentation Topic

Find the best and latest data you can, that

describe the level of job satisfaction in -

a) India

b) United States

bballb leadership

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