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Introduction to SociologyIntroduction to Sociology

BBA-L 01- 07/08/08

Welcome Class

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Today’s ObjectivesToday’s Objectives

To facilitate the student to understand the meaning, To facilitate the student to understand the meaning, definition, and importance of sociology to provide basic definition, and importance of sociology to provide basic knowledge to clear the concept of sociology and its relevance knowledge to clear the concept of sociology and its relevance to the business studies.to the business studies.

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DefinitionsDefinitions1.1. Sociology is Social Physics.Sociology is Social Physics. Auguste ComteAuguste Comte

2.2. It is the Science of Society.It is the Science of Society. W.G. SumnerW.G. Sumner

3.3. Sociology is the Science of Men interdependence.Sociology is the Science of Men interdependence.NicolsNicols

4.4. Sociology is the Science of Social institutions.Sociology is the Science of Social institutions.Emile DurkheimEmile Durkheim

5.5. Sociology is the study of Social Life.Sociology is the study of Social Life.W.F.Ogburn, W.F.Ogburn, NimkofNimkof

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Definition of SocietyDefinition of Society

1)1) Society is the union itself, the organization, the sum of formal relations, in Society is the union itself, the organization, the sum of formal relations, in which association of individuals are found together.which association of individuals are found together.

Popenoe DPopenoe D2)2) A society is a collection of individuals united by certain relations or modes A society is a collection of individuals united by certain relations or modes

of behavior which mark them off from others who do not enter into these of behavior which mark them off from others who do not enter into these relations and who differ from them in behavior.relations and who differ from them in behavior.

Giddings, F.HGiddings, F.H3)3) An abstract term that connotes the complex of interrelations that exit An abstract term that connotes the complex of interrelations that exit

between and among the members of the group.between and among the members of the group.Odum H.WOdum H.W

4)4) Society is an abstract system, pattern or organization. It is not a group of Society is an abstract system, pattern or organization. It is not a group of persons but the structure of their behaviors and relationships, and there is persons but the structure of their behaviors and relationships, and there is psychic element in these relationships. psychic element in these relationships.

Cooley C.HCooley C.H5)5) Society is complex of forms or processes each of which is living and Society is complex of forms or processes each of which is living and

growing by interaction with the other, the whole being so unified that what growing by interaction with the other, the whole being so unified that what takes place in one part affects all the rest the rest. takes place in one part affects all the rest the rest.

Talcott ParsonsTalcott Parsons

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Scope and subject matter of SociologyScope and subject matter of Sociology

1)1) INDIVIDUAL & SOCIETYINDIVIDUAL & SOCIETY

2) 2) SOCIAL INSTITUTATIONSOCIAL INSTITUTATION

3) 3) GROUP AND GROUP LIFEGROUP AND GROUP LIFE

4) 4) CULTURECULTURE

5) 5) SOCIAL PROBLEMSSOCIAL PROBLEMS

6) 6) CRIMECRIME

7) 7) SOCIAL STRATIFICATIONSOCIAL STRATIFICATION

8)8) SOCIAL CHANGESOCIAL CHANGE

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Scope and subject matter of SociologyScope and subject matter of Sociology

Specialistics or Formalistic School of Thought Specialistics or Formalistic School of Thought

According to the formalistic school the subject matter of According to the formalistic school the subject matter of sociology consists of the forms of sociology sociology consists of the forms of sociology relationships. These sociologists wish to keep the relationships. These sociologists wish to keep the scope of sociology distinct from other social sciences. scope of sociology distinct from other social sciences. They regard sociology as pure and independent. They regard sociology as pure and independent.

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Synthetic SchoolSynthetic School

As against the formal school the synthetic school seeks to As against the formal school the synthetic school seeks to make sociology a synthesis of the social sciences or a general make sociology a synthesis of the social sciences or a general science. Modern sociologists among them Durkheim, science. Modern sociologists among them Durkheim, Hobhouse and Sorokin subscribe is to this point of view. Hobhouse and Sorokin subscribe is to this point of view. According to this opinion, sociology is the science of science According to this opinion, sociology is the science of science and all the sciences are included in its scope.and all the sciences are included in its scope.

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Development of SociologyDevelopment of Sociology

I.I. Sociology is the youngest of the recognized Social Sciences.Sociology is the youngest of the recognized Social Sciences.II.II. Father of Sociology Auguste Comte in France coined the word Father of Sociology Auguste Comte in France coined the word

“’Sociology’’ in his book “Positive Philosophy” published in 1838.“’Sociology’’ in his book “Positive Philosophy” published in 1838.III.III. Herbert spencer in England developed theory of Social Evolution in his Herbert spencer in England developed theory of Social Evolution in his

book “Principle of Sociology” in 1876.book “Principle of Sociology” in 1876.IV.IV. Lester F.Ward, an American, published his Dynamic Sociology in Lester F.Ward, an American, published his Dynamic Sociology in

1883, calling Social progress through intelligent social action which 1883, calling Social progress through intelligent social action which sociologist should guide.sociologist should guide.

V.V. A French man; E`mile Durkheim, gave the most notable early A French man; E`mile Durkheim, gave the most notable early demonstration of Scientific Methodology in Sociology. In his book demonstration of Scientific Methodology in Sociology. In his book “Rules of Sociological Methods” published in 1897.“Rules of Sociological Methods” published in 1897.

VI.VI. Courses in Sociology appeared in many universities in the 1890s. The Courses in Sociology appeared in many universities in the 1890s. The American Journal of Sociology began publication in 1895.American Journal of Sociology began publication in 1895.

VII.VII. American Sociological Society now the American Sociological American Sociological Society now the American Sociological Association was recognized in 1905. Association was recognized in 1905.

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Importance of SociologyImportance of Sociology

Importance for IndividualsImportance for IndividualsIt is realized to an individual that “It is realized to an individual that “alonealone” he is nothing.” he is nothing.

Importance for SocietyImportance for SocietySociology aware the people with the Social realities and values.Sociology aware the people with the Social realities and values.

Importance at Global LevelImportance at Global LevelSociology tries to inculcate the people that peaceful co-existence and Sociology tries to inculcate the people that peaceful co-existence and status co is relevant and important for all nations.status co is relevant and important for all nations.

Importance Business ProfessionalsImportance Business ProfessionalsBy providing in depth knowledge of Society the Sociology enables the By providing in depth knowledge of Society the Sociology enables the Business Professionals to interact properly with individuals and Business Professionals to interact properly with individuals and organizations using the knowledge of the Social dynamics of the organizations using the knowledge of the Social dynamics of the Society to expand the business opportunity.Society to expand the business opportunity.

Importance for PakistanImportance for PakistanSociology is important for Pakistan to create Social harmony and build Sociology is important for Pakistan to create Social harmony and build national character.national character.

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Relationship of Sociology with Other Relationship of Sociology with Other SciencesSciences

1.1. Sociology and EconomicsSociology and Economics

2.2. Sociology and Political ScienceSociology and Political Science

3.3. Sociology and PsychologySociology and Psychology

4.4. Sociology and AnthropologySociology and Anthropology

5.5. Sociology and HistorySociology and History

6.6. Sociology and Business StudiesSociology and Business Studies

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Functions of SociologyFunctions of SociologyI.I. Technical FunctionTechnical Function

II.II. Introductory FunctionIntroductory Function

III.III. Informative FunctionInformative Function

IV.IV. Tolerative FunctionTolerative Function

V.V. Cultural FunctionCultural Function

VI.VI. Democratic FunctionDemocratic Function

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ThankYou,Good Bye

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