D/C Bayno, Krister S. BSMT-III NAV-7 OIC GORING

Sailing Directions, ATT, ADLL and ADRS 6Sailing Directions-it is a publication that consists of 37 Enroute volumes, 4 Planning Guides volumes and 1 volume combining both types. Sailing Directions is about the features of ocean basins and country-specific information like pilotage requirements, regulations, search and rescue information, ship reporting systems and time zones. Enroutes describe features of coastlines, ports and harbors. They are frequently updated. In 2005, NGA (National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency) did not continue to produce these publications in printed form, and the next editions were distributed in digital form only. Sailing Directions are corrected via a binary patch process called as Publication Data Update (PDU) between editions. Sailing Directions are complementary to ADMIRALTY Standard Nautical Charts and provide in 75 volumes which are designed for the merchant mariner on all classes of ocean-going vessels with very important information on all aspects of navigation. Sailing Directions are publish in regular basis. These are issued via the ADMIRALTY Notices to the Mariners weekly bulletin.

ADMIRALTY TIDE TABLES(ATT)- ADMIRALTY Tide Tables detail the times and height of high and low waters for over 230 standard and 6000 secondary ports in the UK and Ireland, Europe, the Indian ocean, South China Sea and Pacific Ocean for each day of the year. The tables are available from ADMIRALTY Distributors worldwide which outline the effect of meteorological conditions on tides, methods of prediction and provide additional information on exceptional tidal factors in each area.

ADMIRALTY Digital List of Lights(ADLL)- This publication gives the characteristics of lights together with the equivalent foreign language light descriptions. This series of books provides extensive information on all lighthouses, lightships, lit floating marks and other lights of navigational significance. Geographical and luminous ranges of lights can be calculated by tables. Detail for all lights listed include the international number, location and name, geographical coordinates, characteristics and intensity, elevation in metres, range in sea miles and description of structure. They publish new editions of the ADMIRALTY List of Lights on a cycle of revision and they list important changes to lights in the weekly ADMIRALTY Notices to Mariners.

ADMIRALTY DIGITAL RADIO SIGNALS(ADRS 6)- it is a series that provides comprehensive information on all aspects of Maritime Radio Communications. The data is organized in six volumes and is presented in a user-friendly format with full colour photographs and diagrams and some are divided into several parts for ease of handling. The volume also feature radio

stations broadcasting weather services and forecasts and a detailed explanation of the complexities of Global Satellite Position Fixing Systems.

Benefits and Disadvantages of Digitalizing the ADMIRALTY Publications used in voyage planning

In Digitalizing the ADMIRALTY Publications used in voyage planning comes with the effects of the advantages and disadvantages when using. It may help the seafarer or may cause another problem which may hindrance a seafarer in making a voyage planning.

One of the main benefits of digitalizing is the workload of the workers will lessen the great effort. It will help the seafarer to be quick in getting information that is relevant for the navigation because the information will be accurate and calculation is not so difficult to do. Through this the seafarer will be given more time to observe the situation which will be used for the voyage planning.

Disadvantages of digitalizing the ADMIRALTY Publication may be the over-reliance of the technology. The skills of the seafarers will not be used and if the technology will fail then we need the manual way in getting information because we know machines will fail especially if there is a power failure. Also maybe one of the disadvantages is the maintenance of the technology.