battery storage systems and smart mini-grid - sharing our experiences - parimita mohanty
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Presentations from the International Workshop on Energy Storage Technologies and Applications, April 2013, ADB Headquarters, ManilaTRANSCRIPT
Battery storage systems and Smart mini-grid
- Sharing our experiences
PARIMITA MOHANTY, TERI
Workshop on ENERGY STORAGE TECHNOLOGIES AND APPLICATIONS
3-4 April 2013, ADB Headquarters
How critical the selection of energy storage
Energy storage
Power quality Power backup
Lighting Telecom Micro-
mini-grid E-vehicle
Grid stability
Critical load
Comparison Comparison
Storage batteries for solar lighting and small PV applications - TERI’s experiences
Battery Analyser
Environment chamber s
TERI’s battery testing facility
Features: • 4 batteries can be tested simultaneously • Different mode are present for charging and discharging test. • Capable of testing various types of batteries such as Lead-acid, Li-
ion/Lithium Polymer and NiMH • Maximum charging and discharging rate-20Amp
Battery Capacity Tester
Battery charging experiment in DC micro-grid application
battery Inverter Performance evaluation experiment
On field testing of the battery in Solar Lantern
Performance testing of the solar PV modules using solar array simulator and load emulator
Sealed Lead Acid (SLA)
Nickel Cadmium (NiCd)
Lithium Ion Cobalt (Li-ion)
Nickel Metal Hydride (NiMH)
Lithium Iron Phosphate (LiFePO4)
Battery chemistries
http://batteryuniversity.com/learn/article/secondary_batteries
Battery chemistry comparison
S.NO. Standard No Name of the Standards
1. IEC 61427 Secondary cells and batteries for photovoltaic energy systems (PVES) – General
requirements and methods of test
2 IEC 61951-2 Secondary cells and batteries containing alkaline or other non-acid electrolytes –
portable sealed rechargeable single cells – NiMH (Part 2)
3 IS 13369 : 1992 Stationary lead acid batteries – in monobloc containers – specs
4 JIS C 8702-1 Small sized sealed lead-acid batteries Part 1: General requirements, functional
characteristics – methods of test
5 JIS C 8702-2 Small-sized sealed lead-acid batteries (valve regulated types) Part2: Dimensions,
terminals and marking
6 JIS C 8702-3 Small-sized sealed lead-acid batteries (valve regulated types) Part 3: Safety
recommendations for use in electric applications
7 IEC 60896 – 11 Stationary lead acid batteries – Part 11 – Vented types – general requirements and
methods of tests
8 IES 61960 Secondary cells and batteries containing alkaline or other non-acid electrolytes –
Secondary lithium cells and batteries for portable applications
9 PVRS 5A PV GAP recommended specification – Lead acid batteries for solar photovoltaic
energy systems – General requirements and methods of test for modified automotive
batteries
10 PVRS 11A PV GAP recommended specification : Portable solar photovoltaic lanterns – Design
qualification and type approval, Extension to include lanterns with nickel-metal
hydride batteries
List of standards/test methods
Recommended battery testing details
Model A
• Battery Capacity : 4.61 Ah • Runtime with LED lantern : 5.74 hrs*.
Battery capacity analysis of 2 nos. of 6V/4.5Ah lead acid battery of same make and same manufacturing date (MFD)
Model B
Battery Capacity : 2.81 Ah Runtime with LED lantern : 3.98 hrs.*
Model-A discharging cycle Model-A Charging cycle
Model-B charging cycle Model-B discharging cycle
Capacity measurement of SMF @ various temperature
Capacity measurement at -20° C
• Nominal Battery capacity :4.5 Ah
• Observed Battery Capacity : 4.61 Ah
• % variation in battery capacity: +2.45
Capacity measurement at 25° C
• Nominal Battery capacity : 4.5Ah
• Observed Battery Capacity : 2.29 Ah
• % variation in battery capacity: -49.11
Capacity measurement at 45°
C
• Nominal Battery capacity : 4.5Ah
• Observed Battery Capacity : 4.74 Ah
• % variation in battery capacity: +5.34
Capacity of 6V/4.5Ah lead acid battery at 20°C, 25°C, 45°C
• Nominal Battery capacity : 2 Ah
• Observed Battery Capacity : 1.48 Ah
• % variation in battery capacity: -26 %
Capacity measurement of 7.2V/2Ah Lithium Ion battery at various temperature
Model-E discharging cycle Model-E Charging cycle
Capacity measurement at -20° C
• Nominal Battery capacity : 2 Ah
• Observed Battery Capacity : 2.07 Ah
• % variation in battery capacity: +3.5%
Model-B discharging cycle
Capacity measurement at 25°C
• Nominal Battery capacity : 2 Ah
• Observed Battery Capacity : 2.11 Ah
• % variation in battery capacity: +5.5 %
Model-B discharging cycle Model-B Charging cycle
Capacity measurement at 45°C
Capacity of 7.2V/2Ah Li-ion battery at -20°C, 25°C, 45°C
Comparative assessment of lead acid battery based and li-ion battery based LED lantern
Lead acid based lantern and li-ion based lantern are being charged by power supply
Test parameters
(lead acid battery based LED lantern)
(li-ion battery based LED lantern)
Battery (V/Ah) 6V/4.5Ah 7.2V/2Ah
Charging time (hrs.) 15.60 7.4
% variation in battery capacity
-49% @-20 deg C
2.45% @ 25 deg C
5.34%@ 45 deg C
-26% @-20 deg C
3.5 % @ 25 deg C
5.5 %@ 45 deg C
Test results of Li-ion battery lantern vs. lead acid battery based lantern
• Quality issues in both Lead acid and Lithium ion- batteries
• Battery management /electronics is more critical for Lithium based than Lead acid based batteries
Field observations
Central generating station Transmission Tower
Solar Power plant Wind Generators
Mini grid
Reliability and quality
of power
Requirement of
multiple local
control system
Require effective power
management for power routing
Smart Mini-grid- An electricity distribution network operating below 11 KV, providing electricity to a community. It is supplied by a diverse range of small, local, conventional generators, such as a diesel gensets combined with a range of renewable generators, such as micro-hydro power plants, wind turbines, biomass and solar PV.
Courtesy: TERI
4/5/2013 23
Distributed Generation based Smart Mini-Grid system at TERI, Gram, India
Charge Controller
Inverter
Generator
Switch
Introducing the SMG facility at TERI, GualPahari
Charge Controller
Inverter
Generator
Switch Intelligent Load Dispatch
Analog Digital
Interface
Charge Controller
Inverter
Generator
Role of storage batteries in Mini-grids - TERI’s experience
Standard design Standard Design
Optimal placement of batteries: Efficient, Reliable and Flexible Solar PV system
The improved design separates day/night, critical/non-critical loads and offers flexibility in connecting other energy resources and in the future, the grid.
• The overall configuration, performance and cost economics of any power application mainly depends on
– Optimum selection of energy storage
– Planning and Placement of energy storage
– Scheduling and energy storage management
To summarize
THANK YOU