RedoxFlow

Battery16, Yangil-ro 18beon-gil, Buk-gu, Gwangju, Korea

(Head Office, Factory)

ENERGY&AIRSYSTEM Co., Ltd.

T +82-70-7728-7797

F +82-62-973-2709

E hienergy@hienergy.kr

w w w. h i g r o u p . c o . k r

ENERGY&AIRSYSTEM

Vanadium Redox Flow Battery

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ENERGY&AIRSYSTEMImporters & Indenters

Battery Energy Storage SystemVanadium Redox Flow Battery

COMMITTED TO SERVE YOU BETTER

Business Portfolio

- LFP Cathode Material - Lithium Battery Reuse, Recycling

Redox Flow Battery E FIouJ

Energy Business

Material Construction

Facility Insulation

Air Conditioning

Building Enclosure

Rubber Foarh Insulation

High- Density Tape Semi-non-flammable PF Insulation

Construction

ESS ( Design, Production, Construction PV EPC Development Operation of Fuel Cell Power Plants

Electrical Design-Supervision Solar Plant A/S Overseas Solar Power Design-Supervision

Introduction of Business

Business 2018 Revenue * Flow Battery (Flour) Production * Flow Battery ESS Design, Construction * PV EPC, Fuel Cell Plant Development $19,644,300 * Lithium Battery ESS (4BBfL) * Design, Production

Construction * Secondary Battery * Cathode Material $5,101,600 * Lithium Battery Reuse

Recycling * Electrical Design * Supervision * Energy Consulting $59,200 * Overseas Solar Power * Design-Supervision

Business 2018 Revenue * Production of rubber Foam insulation * High-Density Tape * Mechanical Equipment $38,696,000 * Fire Fighting Equipment

* Semi-non-combustible PF Insulation Manufacturing * PV Module Reuse New Company

* Air Conditioner Freezer-Gwangju * Geothermal Heating & Cooling System $1,608,800 * Air Conditioner, Freezer-Seoul * Geothermal Heating & Cooling System $25,402,200

Energy Business:

Construction Business:

Companyintroduction

E N E R G Y & A I R S Y S T E M

Capital $1,133,000

Date of

establishment01 July 1995

Sales $23,251,000 (2018)

a major

product

ESS, Flow Battery,

Battery Pack(KEPCO)

PV EPC, Fuel cell power plant

General status

Corporate Name ENERGY&AIRSYSTEM Co,. Ltd

Verification status at home and abroad

Large utility ESS world scale

Market share by MWh

7trillion won

RFB ESSMarket Size

SITE

Business progress status Market size

Flow battery Demonstration center

Element Tech. R&D- Selection of major components- Cell Stack Development

kW class FB operation- Large Cell Stack Development- Trimming Cell PCS Control

Tens to hundreds of kW- High-Power Cell Stack Development- Cost reduction by injection of mold

Tens of MW class- Large Scale VRFB System with Renewable Energy- Future Electric Vehicle with FB R&D)

2011~2013

2014~2015

2016~2019.8

2016 S University of Japan

（2016 .08)5KW stack

2017

2019

Global RFB Status

GwangjuEnergy & Air systemVRFB 25kW/100kWh(2019 ~ )

Vanadium kw class for green IDC Technology Development of Redox Flow Battery

Task of the Keit（2012-2017)

Installing LIB + 20kW VRFB

Honam University（’17. 7）

Large-Scale demonstrationDrive renewable energy link

1MW/4MWh

Japan 60MWh China 3MWh Europe 2MWh

For emergency power and peak loads Development of Hybrid ESS Management System

Task of the Keit （2015-2017）

Energy Multipurpose Facility(BEMS) Installing PV+WF+FB(25kW /100kWh)

Company Demonstration Center（’19. 6）

Multifunction Flow Battery Installing PV+FB 5kW

S University of Japan （2016 -）

Installing 20kW VRFB

ETRI（’17. 5）

Tokyo,Japan

Ningbo,China

ETRI,Korea

Massive ESS World Market Size RFB Market Share

China H Research Institute (2019 .04) 5KW/10KWh

ENERGY SYSTEM(2019.06) 25KW/100KWhS University of Japan(2019.10) 5kw

ETRI (2017 .04) 20KWH University (2017.07) 20KW

H University, Korea

Time(mm)

Vo

ltag

e(V

)

Time(mm)

Vo

ltag

e(V

)

ESS Optimal System Flow Cells with Wind Power

Best suited for stable output variation

Simplify the power converter compared to other batteries

Can charge multiple devices simultaneously

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The wind generator is a generator whose power is determined by the speed of the

wind. The wind turbine rotates irregularly according to the speed of the wind, which

varies greatly in voltage/current of momentary alternating current.

Wind Turbine Characteristics

Advantage of Flow Cell in Wind Turbine

Wind power generation needs to be careful when connecting ESS because there is a

possibility of generating a large amount of power exceeding the instantaneously due to

the severe variability according to the wind strength.

In case of flow battery ESS, there is almost no variation between cells because it charges

electricity through electrolyte, and it has stable characteristics by absorbing electric

shock in wind power generation.

This stable power reception allows system operation to be configured without the need

for a multifunction power converter like other batteries.

It is possible to configure a system that can be charged at the same time in connection

with a plurality of power generators with different voltages such as solar, wind, grid and

regenerative current.

Controllers are required to stabilize alternating current voltage/current with high

variability at direct current

Demonstration of Flow Cells Connected to Wind Power

01

02

Power Generation Output of Wind Turbine

Wind generator voltage Wind-linked flow cell voltage

Flow Battery Overview

Mechanism

Characteristics

Application

Purpose

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The safest battery without fire and explosion

* Optimized for new and renewable energy and building ESS

Long-lived batteries that can be used for more than 20 years

Batteries with little reduction in energy efficiency despite long-term use

Store power energy in electrolyte for easy capacity selection and battery

suitable for high capacity production

Stable power supply for new and renewable energy

- Irregular power regulation, such as solar and wind power

- Adjusting the time difference between the time of

energy production and demand

Realizing the stabilization of the power supply

Load leveling and Power peak response

Emergency Power Function(Emergency Generator)

Power management for energy-heavy buildings (ex. Building, Hospital, Factory)

V5+

Electrode Membrane

PowerSource-Load

ElectrolyteTank

PumpPump

V4+/V

5+V

2+/V

3+

O² - O²-

O² -

O² -

O²-

O²-

O²-

O² -

V⁴+

V⁴+

CI+

CI-

CI-

CI-CI-

CI-H

+

H-

H-

H-

H- H-

H-

H-

H+

H+

H +

H+ H+

H +

H+

V2+

V2+

V3+

Large-capacity Secondary battery

Load Leveling

Wind Power Generation

PV Generation

Power Generation

Electric Power System

FrequencyControl

Control

Central Control Unit

Building

Factory

Surplus Electricity

8

Pump

Oxidation

ion exchangemembrane

Reduction

ElectrolyteTank

H+

PositiveElectrode Slide

e-

e- e-

Cell

NegativeElectrode Slide

ElectrolyteTank

Pump

ElectrodeElectrode

+ -

Pump

Reduction

ion exchangemembrane

Oxidation

ElectrolyteTank

H+

PositiveElectrode Slide

e-

e- e-

Cell

NegativeElectrode Slide

ElectrolyteTank

Pump

ElectrodeElectrode

+ -

V / V5+ 4+ V / V2+ 3+V4+

V5+

V2+

V3+

V / V5+ 4+V4+

V5+

V2+

V3+

V / V2+ 3+

Comparison of Lithium Battery and RFB(Characteristic)

Non-uniform deviation between cells may cause low

Li-ion Battery

1. Conceptual Diagram

2. Pros and Cons

2. Pros and Cons

3. Safety

3. Safety

[VRFB Charging Process] [VRFB Discharge Process]

Risk Lithium-ion Sodium Sulfur VRB Flow Battery

Arc-Flash/Blast ○ △ ◎

Toxicity ○ ○ ○

Fire △ △ ◎

Deflagration △ △ ◎

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High energy density & high operating voltage

Nonconformity with large capacity due to non-uniform

deviation between cells

Fire and explosion hazard

Long-term Available and Most Safe Cells

A battery suitable for large capacity

Low Energy Density & Pricing

It is safe that seperate by stack and live material also

no fire or explosion when it is mix anode with cathode

Anode material: graphite, Si, Sn,

LTO etc.

NegativeElectrode

PositiveElectrode

Aluminum positivecurrent collector

Charge

Charge

Discharge

DischargeCopper negativecurrent collector

Cathode material: transition metal oxide

(LiCoO2, LiFePO4, Li2Mn2O4, etc.)

e

e

e

Li+conductingelectrolyte

Aⓔ

ⓔ

ⓔ

ⓔ

e

e

e

Li+

Li+

Li+

Li+

Li+

Redox Flow Battery

1. Conceptual Diagram

9 ENERGY SYSTEM

10 ENERGY SYSTEM

Technical ability of our Flow Battery

1. Smart passage Design 2. High power and low cost

2. Concurrent design of charging

/discharge

3. High-capacity production capacity

3. LIB&VRFB Hybrid System1. Trimming System

Stack technical skills

System technical ability

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Minimized Design of Shunt Current

by Numerical Analysis of Passage

Design

Reducing cell resistance by

minimizing pressure loss

capacity-following system

Energy efficiency improvement

World's First Applied Technology

Special design utilizing flow-cell

characteristics to the fullest

24 hours of continuous load

availability

Hybrid System for Fully Independent

Operation

Leverage LIB and VRFB features

High Power Application through

Electrode Surface Treatment

Application of special ion exchange

membrane for high power use

Improved durability using cell frame

injection low-cost and special

injection materials

localization of Cell

Possessing the production capacity

of electrolyte using ash

(a)

+ -

battery

Stack Stack Stack Stack

Stack Stack Stack Stack

battery

11

Business Model_1

[ Wind power linkage ]

[ Photovoltaic linkage ]

New and Renewable Energy Linked Model

A Model for Multi-useFacilities Buildings

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Frequency regulation, driving reserve

Flow batteries are best suited for stabilising wind fluctuations

When connecting flow batteries, power conversion system can be simplified

compared to other batteries.

It is commercialized to sell hundreds of kilowatts

of electricity to energy-consuming buildings such

as schools, hospitals, hotels, and supermarkets for

peak-to-peak load/load-equalization purposes that

supplementing with the VRFB system.

Commercialize sales for uninterruptible power supply

to protect major structures from power failure.

Frequency regulation, driving reserve Peak load response

Solar EnergyHotel

Hospital

School

Mart

System Linkage

RFB-ESS(Storage)

Daytime powerdemand

Powergeneration

0h

Discharge

After ESS isintroduced

Before ESS isintroduced

Long period (time-discharge)

charge

Nightly powerdemand

12h 24h

1400

1200

1000

800

600

400

200

0

0 100 200

3 m/s5 m/s

7.5 m/s

10 m/s

12 m/s

maximum power curve

300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200

Pow

er(W

)

Speed(rpm)

0

100

10

20

200

0

100

10

20

200

Time(mm)

Vo

lta

ge

(V)

Time(mm)

Vo

lta

ge

(V)

Wind power

Solar Energy

Short cycle(per-second/minutes development)

12 ENERGY SYSTEM

Business Model_2

Regenerative Powerand Biogas Model

Future Electric Vehicle (EV) Model

Select a business model(1) : For elevator regenerative power

RFB-EV RFB-EV Station

Select a business model(2) : For bio gas use.

System Linkage

RFB-ESS(storage)

EV Station

Electrode

Ion Exchange Membrane

Bipolar Cell Stack

Metal Deposit

AnolyteCatholyte

PVLIB

RFB

Feeding for shelter Emergency power for generator replacement

Emergency power in case of disaster

Normal demand management

Contract power saving peak shaving Load standardization

Grid(110V/220V)

Elevator (Regenerative power)

Anolyte Catholyte

I/C I/C

13

Demonstration center

Concept

Installation capacity

Installation period

PV(20kw), Wind Power

Power25kW, capacity 100KWh

July 2019

Establishment and operation of demonstration centerE-Flow Demonstration Center

14 ENERGY SYSTEM

Flow Battery demonstration case (Domestic)

Installation capacity

Installation period

ETRI Center Proof of Linkage in Etri Center

Concept

Installation capacity

Installation period

For solar-connected peak loads

20kWh

2017 June~

H University

Demonstration of Hybrid for emergency power and

peak loads

20kWh

2017 and October~

Concept

Proof of Linkage in H University

15

Flow Battery demonstration case(overseas)

Empirical evidencein Japan

Empirical evidencein China

Installation capacity

Installation period

Estimated installed capacity

Installation period

Optimizing RFB Advantage with Trimming System

20kWh

2019 April~

Proof of Linkage in Saitama Technical University

Proof of Linkage in Ningbo City, China

Front of the exhibition hall

PV position (left) Front door PV position (right) Pcs installationLeakage test Stack side Stack Backside

Stack transfer Pipe connection

2nd demonstration in connection with Saitama Technical University

Concept

Installation capacity

Installation period

Operation of RFB-ESS for solar-connected buildings

10kWh

2016 August~

Demand management for new and renewable

connections and disaster relief

20kWh

2019 and October~

Concept

PV-WF combined power generation RFB-ESS linkage. Concepts

16 ENERGY SYSTEM

Sortation Output Capacity Square measure Weight

3hrs AC 250kw AC 750 kWh 6.1m*4.9m*6m 120t

4.5hrs AC 250kw AC 1,125kWh 9.1m*4.9m*6m 170t

6hrs AC 250kw AC 1,500kWh 12.2m*4.9m*6m 220t

Output Capacity Installation area

1MW 3MWh 15m*17m

1MW 4.5MWh 21m*17m

1MW 6MWh 27m*17m

10MW 30MWh 85m*27m

10MW 45MWh 103m*27m

10MW 60MWh 131m*27m

PRODUCT SPECIFICATIONS

HISTORY OFBUSINESS IMPLEMENTATION

2011-2013 2014-2015 2016-2019.8 2019.9~

Element Tech.R&D

Selection of major componentsCell Stack Development

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

kW class FB operation

Large Cell Stack DevelopmentTrimming Cell PCS Control

Tens of MW class

Large Scale VRFB System with Renewable EnergyFuture Electric Vehiclewith FB R&D)

High power

ESS for Building

Tens to hundreds of kW

High-Power Cell Stack DevelopmentCost reduction by injection of mold

Renewable Energy Connected ESS

Vanadium kw class for green IDC　

Technology Development of

Redox Flow Battery

Task of the Keit（2012-2017）

For emergency power and peak loads　

　　Development of Hybrid ESS

Management System

Task of the Keit（2015-2017）

Energy Multipurpose Facility(BEMS)

Installing PV+WF+FB(25kW /100kWh)

Company Demonstration Center（’19.7）

Multifunction

Flow Battery Installing

PV+FB 5kW

S University of Japan（2016 -）

Installing 20kW VRFB

ETRI

（’17. 5）

（’17. 7）

Large-Scale demonstration

Drive renewable energy link

1MW/4MWh

Installing LIB + 20kW VRFB

H University

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