battery (bat) · (bat) bat – 2016/pw i table of content ... batteries are composed of materials...

EXPERIMENT MODULE

CHEMICAL ENGINEERING EDUCATION LABORATORY

BATTERY

(BAT)

CHEMICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

FACULTY OF INDUSTRIAL TECHNOLOGY

INSTITUT TEKNOLOGI BANDUNG

2018

INSTRUCTIONAL LABORATORY CHEMICAL ENGINEERING DEPT.

FTI - ITB

BATTERY MODULE (BAT)

BAT – 2018/PW 2

Contributor:

Dr. Isdiriayani Nurdin, Hary Devianto, Ph.D, Dr. Ardiyan Harimawan, Jeffrey Pradipta Wijana,

Robby Sukma Dharmawan, Dr. Pramujo Widiatmoko


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BAT – 2016/PW i

TABLE OF CONTENT

TABLE OF CONTENT .................................................................................................................... i

LIST OF FIGURE ........................................................................................................................... iii

LIST OF TABLE ............................................................................................................................. iv

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................... 1

CHAPTER II PURPOSE AND TARGET OF EXPERIMENT ....................................................... 2

2.1. Purpose .............................................................................................................................. 2

2.2. Target ................................................................................................................................. 2

CHAPTER III EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN ................................................................................... 3

3.1. Devices and Measurements ............................................................................................... 3

3.2. Materials ............................................................................................................................ 3

3.3. Experiment Condition ....................................................................................................... 3

CHAPTER IV WORK PROCEDURE ............................................................................................. 4

4.1. Experiment Steps ............................................................................................................... 4

BIBLIOGRAPHY ............................................................................................................................ 8

APPENDIX A RAW DATA TABLE .............................................................................................. 9

A.1. Determination of Resistor Resistor Value ......................................................................... 9

A.2. Determination of Voltage and Current of Battery ............................................................. 9

A.3. Battery Capacity Determination ........................................................................................ 9

A.4. Determination of Secondary Battery Efficiency ............................................................. 10

APPENDIX B CALCULATION PROCEDURE .......................................................................... 11

B.1. Determination of Resistor Resistance Value ................................................................... 11

B.2. Determination of Voltage and Current of Battery ........................................................... 11

B.3. Battery Capacity Determination ...................................................................................... 11

B.4. Determination of Secondary Battery Efficiency ............................................................. 11


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BAT – 2018/PW ii

APPENDIX C ................................................................................................................................. 12

C.1. Resistor Resistance Value ............................................................................................... 12

APPENDIX D ................................................................................................................................ 13


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BAT – 2018/PW iii

LIST OF FIGURE

Figure 4.1 The process of determining the value of resistor resistance ........................................... 4

Figure 4.2 Battery voltage and current determination procedures ................................................... 5

Figure 4.3 Battery capacity determination procedure ...................................................................... 6

Figure 4.4 Battery efficiency determination procedures .................................................................. 7


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BAT – 2018/PW iv

LIST OF TABLE

Table A.1 Resistor resistance ........................................................................................................... 9

Table A.2 Value of battery voltage and current ............................................................................... 9

Table A.3 Value of battery capacity ................................................................................................. 9

Table A.4 Secondary battery efficiency ......................................................................................... 10

Table C.1 Resistor resistance value based on color ....................................................................... 12


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BAT 1

CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

An electric battery is a device consisting of one or more electrochemical cells that work by

converting stored chemical energy into electrical energy. Each battery consists of a negative

electrode (anode) as the site of the oxidation reaction, the positive electrode (cathode) as the site

of the reduction reaction, the electrolyte as the ion medium for moving from the anode to the

cathode during the discharging process (and back to the anode during recharging) allowing

current to flow from the battery to provide electrical energy.

Battery can be categorized into two, the first is the primary battery ("disposable" battery) used

once and discarded, while the second is a secondary battery (rechargeable battery) after which it

is emptied then can be recharged several times.

Batteries are composed of materials such as metals, carbon, polymers and even air. The most

common are lead acid batteries used in vehicles and lithium ion batteries used for portable

electronics. Batteries are available in various shapes and sizes, from mini cells used for electric

hearing aids and watches, to battery sized bedrooms that provide standby power for

telecommunication processes and computer data centers.

Recent battery research and development is significant. Batteries are expected to provide

solutions for energy storage in the transition from fossil fuels to alternative energy, both for

transportation and electricity production as well as to enable various portable devices of all types.


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BAT – 2018/PW 2

CHAPTER II

PURPOSE AND TARGET OF EXPERIMENT

2.1. Purpose

This practicum aims to understand the phenomena of the process of discharging and recharging

the battery electrochemically and its use in simple electrical circuits.

2.2. Target

At the end of the practicum, praktikan is expected to identify:

1. Potential diagram - current from a particular electrical load.

2. Differences in series electric circuits, parallel, or combination of series and parallel.

3. Discharging and recharging process from secondary battery.


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BAT – 2018/PW 3

CHAPTER III

EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN

3.1. Devices and Measurements

The tools used in the experiment are as follows:

1. Secondary AA battery and accumulator 12 V

2. Power supply

3. Resistors 10, 20, and 50

4. Amperemeter

5. Voltmeter

6. Ohmmeter

7. Copper wire + crocodile clips

3.2. Materials

The materials used in the experiment are:

1. AA Battery

2. AAA Battery

3. Battery R

4. Battery D

5. Battery 9 V

6. Resistors

3.3. Experiment Condition

Experimental conditions consist of fixed experiment variables and varied variables.

1. Variables

a) Room air pressure (660 - 700 mmHg)

b) Room Temperature (23 - 28oC)

2. Varied variable

a) Configuration of series, parallel, and series-parallel circuit

b) Voltage and current for battery and accumulator


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BAT – 2018/PW 4

CHAPTER IV

WORK PROCEDURE

4.1. Experiment Steps

Experimental procedures include determination of resistor value, battery voltage and current

procedures with variations of circuit configuration, and determination of capacity and efficiency

of secondary battery.

1. Determination of resistor value of resistor

Create a resistor circuit

Connect Resistor Circuit with Ohmmeter

Data Processing and Compare data with

Literature

Start

Finish

Literature Data

Figure 4.1 The process of determining the value of resistor resistance


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BAT – 2018/PW 5

2. Determination of voltage and current of battery with variation of circuit configuration

in closed circuit.

The voltage determination is performed by using a voltmeter which is paralleled

to the load to be measured, whereas the determination of the current is performed

by using a series amperemeter with the load to be measured.

Create a closed electrical circuit

Connect Electrical circuit with voltmeter and

amperemeter

Data is collected

Start

Finish

Literature Data

Data

Change the electrical circuit configuration

Data processing and Compare to literature

Figure 4.2 Battery voltage and current determination procedures


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BAT – 2018/PW 6

3. Battery capacity determination



amperemeter

Read the value of current and voltage every time interval that has been determined for 1 hour

Start

Finish

Literature Data

Data

Data processing and Bandignkan to the

literature

Data is collected

Figure 4.3 Battery capacity determination procedure


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BAT – 2018/PW 7

4. Determination of secondary battery efficiency

efficiency calculations are performed based on the slope ratio of the discharging

curve on the slope of the charging curve.



amperemeter

Read the value of current and voltage every time interval that has been determined for 1 hour

Start

Finish

Data

Data processing and Compare to literature

Change the electrical circuit by adding a power

supply / adapter

Adjust the strong value of the current so that its value is equal to the discharge position

Data is collected

Figure 4.4 Battery efficiency determination procedures


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BAT – 2018/PW 8

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Bagotsky, V.S., 2006, Fundamental of Electrochemistry, 2nd Ed., John Wiley & Sons Inc.

Prentice, G., 1991, Electrochemical Engineering Principles, Prentice-Hall International, Inc.

Rahn, C. D., Wang, C.-Y., 2013, Battery Systems Engineering, John Wiley & Sons Inc.


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BAT – 2018/PW 9

APPENDIX A

RAW DATA TABLE

A.1. Determination of Resistor Resistor Value

Table A.1 Resistor resistance

No. Electric Circuit

Scheme

Value of Resistance

Based on Calculation (Ω)

Measured Resistance

Value (Ω) Error (%)

A.2. Determination of Voltage and Current of Battery

Table A.2 Value of battery voltage and current

No. Electric Circuit

Scheme

Value of Resistance Based

on Calculation (Ω)

Measured Voltage Value

(V) Measured Current (A)

A.3. Battery Capacity Determination

Table A.3 Value of battery capacity

No. Battery Type and Connected

Resistor Time (minute)

Measured Voltage

Value (V) Measured Current (A)


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BAT – 2018/PW 10

A.4. Determination of Secondary Battery Efficiency

Table A.4 Secondary battery efficiency

No. Battery Type and Connected

Resistor Time (minute)

Voltage value when

discharging (V)

Voltage value during

charging (V)


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BAT – 2018/PW 11

APPENDIX B

CALCULATION PROCEDURE

B.1. Determination of Resistor Resistance Value

Series:

Parallel:

B.2. Determination of Voltage and Current of Battery

Series:

Parallel:

B.3. Battery Capacity Determination

B.4. Determination of Secondary Battery Efficiency


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BAT – 2018/PW 12

APPENDIX C

SPECIFICATION AND LITERATURE DATA

C.1. Resistor Resistance Value

Table C.1 Resistor resistance value based on color

Color Color 1 Color 2 Color 3 Color 4

Black - 0 -

Brown 1 1 0

Red 2 2 00

Orange 3 3 000

Yellow 4 4 0000

Green 5 5 00000

Blue 6 6 000000

Violet 7 7 0000000

Grey 8 8

White 9 9

Gold Tolerance 5%

Silver Tolerance10%


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BAT – 2018/PW 13

APPENDIX D

JOB SAFETY ANALYSIS CONTROL SHEET

No Material Material properties Repressive act

1 Used

batteries

• Toxic

wastes, need

separate

treatment

• A leak may

occur

• Prepare a special battery

dump

• Make sure to keep a

used battery in a dry place

Accidents that may occur Repressive act

Short circuit - Immediately disconnect one of the

cable connections in the circuit.

- Check the tool that causes short-

circuiting.

Electric shock - Immediately switch off the device

connected to the AC current source.

Safety equipment

Gloves Laboratory coat Goggle

Assistant Advisor Lab TK Coordinator

battery (bat) · (bat) bat – 2016/pw i table of content ... batteries are composed of materials...

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