basics - santillana · the head: • hair • a face, with eyes, ears, nose, mouth… the trunk:...

Natural ScienceBASICS

3 PRIMARY

Natural Science Basics 3 is a collective work, conceived, designed and created by the Primary Education department at Santillana Educación, S. L., under the supervision of Teresa Grence Ruiz.

WRITERS Elena Alfonso Aurora MoralHawys Morgan

ILLUSTRATION Jordi BaezaLluís CadafalchAlberto PieruzJosé Zazo

EDITORS Ros Walford

BILINGUAL PROJECT COORDINATION Margarita España Villasante

Do not write in this book. Do all your activities in your notebook.

Contents

Let's begin! .............................................................. 7

Unit 1. My body and health ................................. 11

Unit 2. Healthy food ............................................. 19

Unit 3. Animals ..................................................... 29

Unit 4. We study animals ..................................... 39

Unit 5. Matter and materials ................................ 47

Unit 6. Energy and machines ............................... 56

My picture dictionary ............................................ 67

Units Topics Key words Let's talk!

Let's begin! • Our body• Animals• Matter, energy and machines

animal bodyenergy machine

matternutrition processes properties

relationship renewable reproduction sensitivity

What is…? / What are…?They are...It is…

1. My body and health • The human body• The stages of life• Healthy habits• Leisure and rest

abdomenadolescenceadulthoodcharacteristics

childhood hygiene limbnewborn

old ageposturethoraxtrunk

I like to…I usually…It is healthy / unhealthy because…

2. Healthy food • Nutrients• A healthy diet• Healthy eating habits• Health problems

allergycarbohydrate fat gluten

hygiene intolerance malnutritionminerals

nutrients obesityproteinvitamins

What can they eat?They can eat… / They can't eat…?

3. Animals • The life process of animals• Vertebrates and invertebrates• Mammals • Birds and reptiles• Amphibians and fish• Invertebrates

amphibianbirdcarnivorefish

herbivore mammalomnivoreoviparous

reproductionreptilesensitivity viviparous

What type of…?Do they…?

4. We study animals • Animal observation• Terrestrial animals• Aquatic animals• Identify animals

aquatic binoculars field guidefield notebook

fly identification key jumpmagnifying glass

slither swimterrestrialwalk

How do these animals…?They…

5. Matter and materials • Matter and its properties• States of matter• Changes in matter• Materials

colour hardness kilogram litre

man-mademass matternatural

shine smell substancevolume

Which one has…?This one has… / That one has…

6. Energy and machines • Types of energy• Energy and the environment• We save energy• Energy and machines• Machines• Machines and inventions

energyenvironment gearinvention

lever motormachinesplane

pollutionpulleyrenewable waste

Do you…?Yes, I do. / No, I don't.

My picture dictionary

My body and health

1

Key words

characteristics hygienechildhood

abdomen adulthoodadolescence

limb old agenewborn

posture trunkthorax

11eleven

The human body

12 twelve

Our bodyThe human body has three parts:

The head:

• hair

• a face, with eyes, ears, nose, mouth…

The trunk:

• thorax (chest area)

• abdomen (stomach area)

The limbs:

• upper limb with arm, shoulder, hand…

• lower limb with leg, hip, foot…

ankle

forehead

hair

nose

shoulder

foot

wrist

hand

knee

thigh

hip

forearm

elbow

chin

eyecheekmouth

neck

ear

abdomen

face

thorax

hair

arms

legs

HEAD

UPPER LIMBS

LOWER LIMBS

TRUNK

1

What colour are my eyes? Your eyes are…

13thirteen

People are differentThese are some of the things that make people different:

1 What are the main parts of the body? Write in your notebook.

abdomen face

hair lower limbs

thorax upper limbs

2 LET'S TALK! What characteristics do you have? Now look at your partner's face and ask each other questions.

ACTIVITIES

Sexual characteristics

Women and men have different bodies.

Body shape

People can be broad or slim.

Height

People can be tall or short. Their height changes as they get older.

Personal traits

Each person has different characteristics, like eye colour, skin colour, the shape of their nose and the sound of their voice…

head trunk limbs

… … … …

… … … …

The stages of life

fourteen14

Your body grows and changes throughout your life. There are four main stages:

1. Childhood

Childhood is the first stage of life. Babies and children grow and change.

Newborn babies need to be looked after. They cannot walk or talk. They drink milk and grow teeth.

2. Adolescence

Between 12 and 16 years old, the body and mind change. This stage is called puberty.

Boys grow hair on their face and their voice changes.

Girls grow breasts and their body changes shape.

Teenagers become more independent.

12 16

1

fifteen

My sister is … years old.

She is…

15

1 LET'S TALK! Talk to your partner about your family. How old is each member? In which stage of life are they?

ACTIVITY

65

3. Adulthood

When you are an adult, your body is fully developed.

Adults stop growing and changes happen slowly.

People are ready to take on responsibilities. They can work and have children.

4. Old age

Elderly people become more frail and weak. Their hair turns grey.

They have more experiences, memories and knowledge. We can learn from them.

a baby.

a child.

a teenager.

an adult.

an elderly person.

sixteen

Healthy habits

16

Good postureSome habits or postures are bad for your back and can cause injuries. You need to keep your back straight.

It is important to look after your body and mind. You should exercise regularly, have a good posture and good hygiene, but also have fun and sleep well.

Good hygieneHygiene means keeping your body clean. It helps to prevent illnesses. Good hygiene includes:

• Having a shower every day.

• Washing your hands before every meal and after you go to the toilet.

• Brushing your teeth after every meal.

• Washing fresh fruit and vegetables.

ACTIVITIES

Physical exercise Exercise is essential for good health because:

• It makes your bones and muscles stronger.

• It helps you to maintain your correct weight.

• It makes your muscles more flexible.

• It helps you to relax and sleep well.

1 LET'S TALK! Why is it important to have healthy habits? Tell your partner.

Do you exercise every day? Yes, I do.

No, I don’t.

1Leisure and rest

seventeen 17

Free timeThings you do for fun in your free time are leisure activities. You can do them on your own or with other people.

Sleep

In our free time, we can enjoy different activities. We also need to rest.

ACTIVITIES

1 What leisure activities do you do? Write a list in your notebook.

2 LET'S TALK! Look at your list of leisure activities. Tell your partner which activities are healthy or unhealthy, and explain why.

With friends: playing together.

On your own: painting or reading.

Sleep helps you to recover after a long day. Children need to sleep ten hours a night.

With family: going for a walk or to the cinema.

Computer games

Playing computer games is fun, but you need to play with other people and do physical exercise too.

I like to…

I usually…

It is healthy because…

It is unhealthy because…

CHECK YOUR PROGRESS

eighteen

A

B

DC

18

1 Copy and complete the diagram.

3 Copy and complete using these words.

2 Match the letter and the stage of life in your notebook.

To be healthy you need to have healthy … . These include doing … exercise, having a good … and good …, doing … activities in your free time and sleeping well.

A good posture means keeping your back … . Good hygiene means having a … body.

To be healthy, children need to … about ten hours every night.

Human body

trunkhead limbs

upper …hair

… arm

…

…

lower ……

abdomen leg

…

…

posture – clean – physical – sleep – leisure – straight – habits – hygiene

childhood

adolescence

adulthood

old age

My picture dictionary

My body and health

abdomen

child

posture

adult

elderly

teenager

baby

limbs

thorax

68 sixty-eight

1Unit

basics - santillana · the head: • hair • a face, with eyes, ears, nose, mouth… the trunk:...

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