basics of hiv jamia milia

8/7/2019 Basics of HIV Jamia Milia

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BASICS OF HIV

Refresher Course of NSS Programme coordinators27-07-2010

Wakar Amin

Faculty-In-charge

Global Fund to fight AIDS,TB and Malaria (GFATM)

Project,.Department of Social work

BPSM Women University Sonipat Haryana -INDIA


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What is HIV?

Hhuman

Iimmunodeficiency

Vvirus


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What is AIDS?AAcquired(not born with)

IImmune

(bodys defence system)

DDeficiency(not working properly)

SSyndrome(a group of signs and symptoms)

Transmitted from person to

person.

It affects the bodys immune

system, the part of the body which

usually works to fight off germssuch as bacteria and viruses.

Malfunctioning of the bodys

immune system

Someone with AIDS may

experience a wide range of

different diseases and

opportunistic infections.


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The difference between HIV and AIDS

HIV causes AIDS

HIV is a virus and AIDS is a disease

AIDSdeficiency in the bodys defence mechanism

or immune system

AIDS is acquired, not hereditary

HIV develops into AIDS depending on the bodys

defence mechanism


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What is the immune system? Immune system defends the body.

White blood cells (WBCs) are the most important partof this immune system.

WBCs fight and destroy bacteria, fungi and viruses

that may enter the body


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How does HIV weaken the immune system?

HIV enters the body.

WBCs are attacked by HIV.

The virus multiplies inside WBCs and infects otherWBCs.

Infected WBCs are eventually destroyed.

Leads to a reduction in the number of WBCs.

Ultimately leads to greatly reduced immunity.


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Adults and children estimated to be livingAdults and children estimated to be living

with HIV as of endwith HIV as of end 20082008

Total: 40.3 (36.7 47.1) million

Western & CentralEurope

720 000720 000[[570 000570 000 890 000890 000]]

North Africa & Middle East510 000510 000

[[230 000230 000 11..44 million]million]

Sub-Saharan Africa

25.8 million25.8 million[23.8[23.8 28.9 million]28.9 million]

Eastern Europe& Central Asia

1.6 million1.6 million[990 000[990 000 2.3 million]2.3 million]

South & South-East Asia


Oceania

74 00074 000[45 000[45 000 120 000]120 000]

North America

1.2 million1.2 million[650 000[650 000 1.8 million]1.8 million]

Caribbean300 000300 000

[[200 000200 000 510 000510 000]]

Latin America


East Asia

870 000870 000[[440 000440 000 11..44 million]million]


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Estimated number of adults and childrenEstimated number of adults and children

newly infected with HIV during 2008newly infected with HIV during 2008

Total: 4.9 Total: 4.9 T((4.3 6.6)

million


22 00022 000[[15 00015 000 39 00039 000]]

North Africa & Middle East67 00067 000

[35 000[35 000 200 000]200 000]

Sub-Saharan Africa


Eastern Europe& Central Asia

270 000270 000[140 000[140 000 610 000]610 000]

East Asia

140 000140 000[42 000[42 000 390 000]390 000]South& South-East Asia

990 000990 000[480 000[480 000 2.4 million]2.4 million]

Oceania

82008200[[24002400 25 00025 000]]

North America

43 00043 000[15 000[15 000 120 000]120 000]

Caribbean

30 00030 000[[17 00017 000 71 00071 000]]

Latin America

200 000200 000[[130 000130 000 360 000360 000]]


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Estimated adult and child deathsEstimated adult and child deaths

from AIDS during 2007from AIDS during 2007


12 00012 000[


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UNAIDS / WHO HIV Epidemic

Definitions Generalised

> 1% in the general population.

Concentrated

< 1% in the general population, over 5%

in high risk groups.

Low-level


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NATURE OF HIV INFECTIONIN THE COMMUNITY

Asymptomatic

Symptomatic

Unknown asymptomatic

Knownasymtomatic

Known disclosed

Known undisclosed

Unknown


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Efficiency of transmission of

HIV Sexual route: 0.01 1%

Blood and blood products:

> 90%

Sharing of needles: 3 5%

Percutaneous exposure:0.4%

Mucocutaneous exposure:0.05%

Mother to child: 25 30%

71

16

4.2

4.5

4.3

Sexual Blood & Blood Products

Injecting Drug Users Perinatal Transmission

OTHERS ( not specified)


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Activities that do not allow HIV

Transmission: Casual contacts (sharing food, shaking hands,

hugging or kissing, coughing, sneezing, using

public phone, visiting a hospital). Feces, urine, saliva, sweat, tears.

Donating blood.

Sharing toilets.

Insect bites.

Swimming pools.


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General Population GeneralPopulation

Risk Group

Population

Bridge

Population

Dynamics of HIV Transmission


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High Risks Behaviors forHIV Transmission

Sexual behaviours: Lack of consistent condom use.

Having multiple sexual partners. Frequent visits to commercial sex workers.

Drug taking behaviours: Sharing of injecting equipment among IDUs.

Inadequate cleaning of injecting equipmentbefore sharing.


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Cellular Targets of HIV Infection

Main targets: CD4+ T lymphocytes.

Monocytes and macrophages.

Virus transfers RNA into human cells: Integrates into the genetic material.

Replicates. Production of antibodies.


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Intervention Strategies to

control HIV/AIDS in the country

Targeted interventions in the high risk groups CSW, IVD groups, MSM

Interventions in the bridge population STD Clinic attendants, Truck drivers, Factory workers etc

Interventions in the general population Blood safety,School Health programs

Cross cutting interventions STD Care,Condom promotion, IEC activities


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Targetedinterventions

STDtreatment

Condom

programming

Multi-sectoralCollaboration

Public private

partnerships

Holistic IEC andsocial

mobilisation

Safe Blood

Voluntary

counselling and

testing

AIDS Vaccine

Initiative

Sensitising youth

and /adolescents

Workplace

interventions

Prevention ofParentto Child

Transmission

Management ofHIV-

TB Co-Infection

Treatment of

Opportunistic

Infections

PilotingARTwith

effectfromApril

2004

Post Exposure

Prophylaxis

PREVENTION

High risk

populations

Lowrisk

populationsLowcostcare &

support

CARE SURVEILLANCE

Evidencebased

planning

Annual SentinelSurveillance

AIDS Case

Detection

Mapping ofhigh

riskgroups

BehaviouralSurveillance

MajorComponents ofNACP


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Current Status - Summary

There is no room for complacency STD Care

More focus on high prevalent zones in vulnerablestates

Improved monitoring of the programs and make

corrections based on evidence

Focus on IV drug abuse epidemic


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What is Comprehensive

HIV/AIDS Care ? Clinical and nursing care.

Psychosocial support and counselling.

Economic and employment support. Housing.

Legal assistance.

Care and support for orphans and widows.

Training on care and support for care givers.

Planning and Implementing HIV/AIDS Care Programmes: A step-by-step

approach. WHO SEARO 1998/ 2002


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Comprehensive Care

Counselling.

Medical care. Nursing care.

Psychosocial support.


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Voluntary

Counselling

Testing

The

entry

point

NGOsChurches

Youth Groups

Volunteers

PLHA

District

Hospitals

HIV Clinics

Social/legal

Support

Hospice

Specialists

&

Specialised

Care facilities

Palliative

Emotional &Spiritual Support

Self Care

Primary Health

Care

Secondary

Health

Care

Community Care

Tertiary Health

Care Home care

Peer Support

Health posts

Dispensaries

Traditional

Orphan care

Prevention Care ContinuumService Continuum


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basics of hiv jamia milia

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