basics ofDigital photography

03/02/15

Fahad Golra, discussing the fundamental concepts of photography

03/02/15

basics ofdigital photography

Welcome !!!

Note: This course is inspired from the photography lectures by John Greengo

03/02/15

workshop

introduction

program Photography Gear:The Camera Fundamentals

Photography Gear:The Lens Exposure

Focus

Light

Editing

Composition

Practical Session

Practical Session

Exposition

03/02/15

recap

recap

aperture

Large aperture

More Light

Shallow DOF (background blur)

Small aperture

Less Light

Deep DOF (background sharp)

03/02/15

recap

recap

shutter speed

Faster speed

Less light

Freeze action

Slower speed

More light

Motion Blur

Image Source: http://azphotojournal.com/?p=1895

03/02/15

recap

recap

ISO

Low ISO

Capture Less Light

Less Noise

High ISO

Capture More Light

More Noise

Image Source: https://photographylife.com/what-is-iso-in-photography

03/02/15

image formation

recap

quiz

What makes the red eye effectin night-time photo shoots?

Photography Gear: The Lens

03/02/15

human

gear: the lens

vision

Retina

CentralRetina

Fovea

Retina 150°Central Retina 50°

Fovea 1°

5mm38mm

2500mm

03/02/15

Angle of view

gear: the lens

normal lens38mm 43mm

28mm

50mm35mm

43mm

28mm

03/02/15

Angle of view

gear: the lens

normal lens

46°

43mm

28mm

50mm

35mm

03/02/15

Angle of view

gear: the lens

normal lens

46°

43mm

28mm

50mm

35mm

03/02/15

Angle of view

gear: the lens

normal lens

46°

43mm

28mm

50mm

35mmImage Source: http://www.powpowpictures.com/2011/05/nikon-50mm-f1-8-recommended-lens-for-any-slr-user/

03/02/15

Angle of view

gear: the lens

normal lens

62°

43mm

28mm

35mm

24mmImage Source: http://www.citysnaps.net/blog/2012/06/25/why-a-35mm-lens/

03/02/15

Angle of view

gear: the lens

normal lens

46°• Angle of view is close to human eye

• A standard perspective

• Suits for street photography

62°

50mm

35mm

03/02/15

Angle of view

gear: the lens

Wide lens24mm

24mm - Wide Angle

16mm

16mm - Ultra Wide Angle

03/02/15

Angle of view

gear: the lens

wide lens

84°

43mm

28mm

24mm

16mm

03/02/15

Angle of view

gear: the lens

wide lens

84°

43mm

28mm

24mm

16mm

03/02/15

Angle of view

gear: the lens

ultra wide lens

108°

43mm

28mm

16mm

10.5mm

03/02/15

Angle of view

gear: the lens

Wide lens

84°• A subject is shown with its environment

• Subjects in the front appear larger (distortion)

• Good for confined spaces

• Hard to get shallow DOF

• Special care needed if used with people108°

24mm

16mm

03/02/15

Angle of view

gear: the lens

Telephoto lens100mm

100mm - Short Telephoto200mm - Medium Telephoto40mm - Super Telephoto

200mm

03/02/15

Angle of view

gear: the lens

Telephoto lens

20°

43mm

28mm

100mm

66mm

03/02/15

Angle of view

gear: the lens

Telephoto lens

12.3°

43mm

28mm

200mm

134mm

03/02/15

Angle of view

gear: the lens

Telephoto lens

6°

43mm

28mm

500mm

312mm Photo: Owais ur Rehman Shah

03/02/15

Angle of view

gear: the lens

Telephoto lens

84° • Has a very good reach

• Good for shallow DOF (blur backgrounds)

• Background area in the image is minimized

• Compresses foreground and background subjects108°

24mm

16mm

03/02/15

what is

gear: the lens

zoom?

zoom values are normally specified as nX e.g. 2X, 5X, 20X

Ratio between the widest and the narrowest focal length

03/02/15

what is

gear: the lens

zoom? 10mm

10mm50mm

50mm100mm

100mm

200mm

200mm

03/02/15

what is

gear: the lens

zoom?10mm

50mm

100mm

200mm

5X

10X

20X2X

03/02/15

what is

gear: the lens

zoom?

Zoom is not a measure of how distant you can shoot !!!

03/02/15

running

gear: the lens

quiz

Why don’t interchangeable lens camerasdon’t specify a

zoom?

03/02/15

Focal length

gear: the lens

background Perspective

14

24

35

50

70

85

105

200

03/02/15gear: the lens

14

24

35

50

70

85

105

200

Focal lengthbackground Perspective

03/02/15gear: the lens

14

24

35

50

70

85

105

200

Focal lengthbackground Perspective

03/02/15gear: the lens

14

24

35

50

70

85

105

200

Focal lengthbackground Perspective

03/02/15gear: the lens

14

24

35

50

70

85

105

200

Focal lengthbackground Perspective

03/02/15gear: the lens

14

24

35

50

70

85

105

200

Focal lengthbackground Perspective

03/02/15gear: the lens

14

24

35

50

70

85

105

200

Focal lengthbackground Perspective

03/02/15gear: the lens

14

24

35

50

70

85

105

200

Focal lengthbackground Perspective

03/02/15

types of

gear: the lens

lens

Offer variable focal lengths

Offer fixed focal length

Zoom lens Prime lens

Nikon 18-55 f/3.5-5.6 Nikon 35 f/1.8

03/02/15

usual

gear: the lens

focal lengths

14-200Landscape, Nature

14-85Architecture

24-200Travel, Event

50-200Portrait, Studio

85-600Sports,WildLife

03/02/15

lens

gear: the lens

maximum aperture

f/1.81:1.8f-1.8

Maximum Aperturethat a lens allows !

03/02/15

lens

gear: the lens

maximum aperture

f / 3.5 - 5.6

Two maximum apertures

Nikon 18-55 f/3.5-5.6

f / 3.5 at 18mmf / 5.6 at 55mm

03/02/15

what is

exposure part 1

depth of field?

Range of distance that appears in focus

Subject Distance

Depth of Field

BlurRegion

BlurRegion

03/02/15

how to control

exposure part 1

depth of field?

Large aperture

Shallow DOF

Small aperture

Deep DOF

We already studied that aperture affects DOF !!!

03/02/15

how to control

exposure part 1

depth of field?

Mainly two things control DOF

Aperture Larger aperture means

shallow DOF

Focal Length Larger focal length means

shallow DOF

03/02/15

how to control

exposure part 1

depth of field?

Lets re-visit the focal length examples

Aperture: f/5.6Shutter speed: 1/160ISO: 800

Following settings stay constant in all the photographs

03/02/15

Focal length

exposure part 1

changes background

14

24

35

50

70

85

105

200

03/02/15exposure part 1

14

24

35

50

70

85

105

200

Focal lengthchanges background

03/02/15exposure part 1

14

24

35

50

70

85

105

200

Focal lengthchanges background

03/02/15exposure part 1

14

24

35

50

70

85

105

200

Focal lengthchanges background

03/02/15exposure part 1

14

24

35

50

70

85

105

200

Focal lengthchanges background

03/02/15exposure part 1

14

24

35

50

70

85

105

200

Focal lengthchanges background

03/02/15exposure part 1

14

24

35

50

70

85

105

200

Focal lengthchanges background

03/02/15exposure part 1

14

24

35

50

70

85

105

200

Focal lengthchanges background

03/02/15exposure part 1

Compressionfrom focal length

Focal length changes the background perspective & DOF

What else?

Compression of the background

03/02/15exposure part 1

14

24

35

50

70

85

105

200

Compressionfrom focal length

03/02/15exposure part 1

14

24

35

50

70

85

105

200

Compressionfrom focal length

03/02/15exposure part 1

14

24

35

50

70

85

105

200

Compressionfrom focal length

03/02/15exposure part 1

14

24

35

50

70

85

105

200

Compressionfrom focal length

03/02/15exposure part 1

14

24

35

50

70

85

105

200

Compressionfrom focal length

03/02/15exposure part 1

14

24

35

50

70

85

105

200

Compressionfrom focal length

03/02/15exposure part 1

14

24

35

50

70

85

105

200

Compressionfrom focal length

03/02/15exposure part 1

summaryfocal length

Focal Length mainly affects

• Viewing angle• Background perspective• Depth of Field• Compression

03/02/15exposure part 1

summarydepth of field

Depth of field is controlled by

• Aperture• Focal Length

&• Shooting Distance

Exposure: Part 1

03/02/15

photographic

exposure part 1

processWhy choose a specific aperture?

2216118

5.64.02.82.01.4

Deep DOF

Shallow DOF

Maximize Sharpness

Less Light

More Light

03/02/15

photographic

exposure part 1

process

Why choose a specific shutter speed?

Freeze Motion

Blur Motion

Less Light

More Light

80004000200010005002501256030158421”2”4”8”

15”30”

03/02/15

photographic

exposure part 1

process

Why choose a specific shutter speed?

Freeze Motion

Blur Motion

Less Light

More Light

80004000200010005002501256030158421”2”4”8”

15”30”

03/02/15

photographic

exposure part 1

process

Sunny 16 Ruleif in full sun, the exposure is

f/16 &

Shutter Speed = ISO

03/02/15

photographic

exposure part 1

process 80004000200010005002501256030158421”2”4”8”

15”30”

2216118

5.64.02.82.01.4

3250

100200400800

1,6003,2006,400

12,80025,60051,200

03/02/15

Lost1 stop

photographic

exposure part 1

process 80004000200010005002501256030158421”2”4”8”

15”30”

2216118

5.64.02.82.01.4

3250

100200400800

1,6003,2006,400

12,80025,60051,200

Gained5 stops

Lost4 stops

03/02/15

photographic

exposure part 1

processWhat is your subject?

Static Moving

FreezeMotion

BlurMotion

MaximumDOF

ShallowDOF

MaximumSharpness

03/02/15

basics ofdigital photography

Practice !!!