basics of design & graphics

TRINITY INSTITUTE OF PROFESSIONAL STUDIES

Sector – 9, Dwarka Institutional Area, New Delhi-75Affiliated Institution of G.G.S.IP.U, Delhi

BJMCBasics of Design & Graphics

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VisualsSubmitted by- Shweta R. Bakshi

TRINITY INSTITUTE OF PROFESSIONAL STUDIESSector – 9, Dwarka Institutional Area, New Delhi-75

Visual Communication

• Visual communication is the communication of ideas through the visual display of information. Primarily

associated with two dimensional images, it includes: art, signs, photography, typography, drawing fundamentals,

• color and electronic resources. Recent research in the field has focused on web design and graphically

• oriented usability. It is part of what a graphic designer does to communicate visually with the audience.


Visual Communication

• Communication by presenting information in a visual form. There exist a variety of ways to present information visually, like gestures, body languages, video, and TV. Here, focus is on the presentation of text, pictures, diagrams, photos, et cetera, integrated on a computer display. The term visual presentation is used to refer to the actual presentation of information.

• Design is communication of concepts and ideas.• Good design simultaneously challenges and fulfills expectations.• The visual arts are a class of art forms, including painting, sculpture, film,

photography, and others, that focuson the creation of works which are primarily visual in nature.


Common types of visual art

• Collage : Collage (From the French, coller, to stick) is regarded as a work of visual arts made from an assemblage of different forms, thus creating a new whole. This technique made its first appearance in the early 20th century as a groundbreaking novelty, however with the passing of time it’s become ubiquitous. For example, an artistic collage work may include newspaper clippings, ribbons, bits of colored or hand-made papers, photographs, etc., glued to a solid support or canvas.

• Comics : Comics (or, less commonly, sequential art) is a form of visual art consisting of images which are commonly combined with text, often in the form of speech balloons or image captions. Originally used to illustrate caricatures and to entertain through the use of amusing and trivial stories, it has by now evolved into a literary medium with many subgenres. The most common forms of printed comics are comic strips (most commonly four panels long) in newspapers and magazines, and longer comic stories in comic books, graphic novels and comic albums. In the first two forms the comics are secondary material usually confined to the entertainment sections, while the latter consist either entirely or primarily of comics.


Conceptual Art

• Conceptual art, sometimes called idea art, is art in which the concept(s) or idea(s) involved in the work take precedence over traditional aesthetic and material concerns. In some cases, Conceptual art may not entail any art object per se, but instead manifest solely as documentary evidence for an “art idea”. In other, less extreme cases, Conceptual art may involve the construction of images and objects in a manner that frees the artist from their traditional role as a maker of aesthetic decisions. To give an example, many of the works of the artist Sol Lewitt may be constructed by anyone simply by following a set of written instructions.[1] This method was fundamental to Lewitt’s definition of Conceptual art, the first to appear in print: In conceptual art the idea or concept is the most important aspect of the work. When an artist uses a conceptual form of art, it means that all of the planning and decisions are made beforehand and the execution is a perfunctory affair. The idea becomes a machine that makes the art.


Common types of visual art

• Crafts : A craft is a skill, especially involving practical arts. It may refer to a trade or particular art. Crafts as artistic practices are defined either by their relationship to functional or utilitarian products, such as sculptural forms in the vessel tradition, or by their use of such natural media as wood, clay, glass, textiles, and metal. Folk art follows craft traditions, in contrast to fine art or high art. Craft or craft work is also a general term given to activity by people in a cover or an occult group.

• Decorative art : The decorative arts are traditionally defined as ornamental and functional works in ceramic, wood, glass, metal, or textile. The field includes ceramics, furniture, furnishings, interior design, and architecture. The decorative arts are often categorized in opposition to the “fine arts”, namely, painting, drawing, photography, and large-scale sculpture. Some distinguish between decorative and fine art based on functionality, intended purpose, importance, status as a unique creation, orsingle-artist production.


Decollage• Décollage, in art, is the opposite of collage; instead of an image being built up of

all or parts of existing images, it is created by cutting, tearing away or otherwise removing, pieces of an original image. Examples include inimage or etrécissements and excavations. The French word “décollage” translates into English literally as “take-off” or “to become unstuck.” The term is now commonly used in the French language in regard to aviation (as when an airplane lifts off the ground). A similar technique is the lacerated poster, a poster in which one has been placed over another or others, and the top poster or posters have been ripped, revealing to a greater or lesser degree the poster or posters underneath. Although artist Mark Kostabi claims that “Mimmo Rotella invented the technique of using torn posters to make art in the early 1950s”[1], examples of the genre done without any surrealist or artistic intent predate this, as do Raymond Hains’. The lacerated poster was an artistic intervention that soughtto critique the newly emerged advertising technique of large-scale colour advertisements. In effect, the decollage destroys the advertisement, but leaves its remnants on view for the public to contemplate.The lacerated poster became an artform as early as 1949.


Design• Design : Design, usually considered in the context of the applied arts,

engineering, architecture, and other such creative endeavours, is used as both a noun and a verb. “Design” as a verb refers to the process of originating and developing a plan for a new object (machine, building, product, etc.). As a noun, “design” is used both for the final plan or proposal (a drawing, model, or other description), or the result of implementing that plan or proposal (the object produced). Designing normally requires considering aesthetic, functional, and many other aspects of an object, which usually requires considerable research, thought, modeling, iterative adjustment, and re-design. Design as a process can take many forms depending on the object being designed and the individual or individuals participating. In philosophy, the abstract noun “design” refers to pattern, or to purpose/purposefulness (or teleology). Design is thus contrasted with purposelessness, randomness, or lack of complexity.


Design• Drawing : Drawing is a means of making an image, using any of a wide variety of tools

and techniques. It generally involves making marks on a surface by applying pressure from a tool, or moving a tool across a surface. Common tools are graphite pencils, pen and ink, inked brushes, wax color pencils, crayons, charcoals, pastels, and markers. Digital tools which simulate the effects of these are also used. The main techniques used in drawing are: line drawing, hatching, crosshatching, random hatching, scribbling, stippling, and blending. An artist who excels in drawing is referred to as a draftsman or draughtsman.

• Film : Film is a term that encompasses motion pictures as individual projects, as well as—in metonymy—the field in general. The origin of the name comes from the fact that photographic film (also called filmstock) has historically been the primary medium for recording and displaying motion pictures.Many other terms exist — motion pictures (or just pictures or “picture”), the silver screen, photoplays, the cinema, picture shows, flicks — and commonly movies. Films are produced by recording actual people and objects with cameras, or by creating them using animation techniques and/or


Design• special effects. They comprise a series of individual frames, but when these images are

shown rapidly in succession, the illusion of motion is given to the viewer. Flickering between frames is not seen due to an effect known as persistence of vision — whereby the eye retains a visual image for a fraction of a second after the source has been removed. Also of relevance is what causes the perception of motion; a psychological effect identified as beta movement. Film is considered by many to be an important art form; films entertain, educate, enlighten and inspire audiences. The visual elements of cinema need no translation, giving the motion picture a universal power of communication. Any film can become a worldwide attraction, especially with the addition of dubbing or subtitles that translate the dialogue. Films are also artifacts created by specific cultures, which reflect those cultures, and, in turn, affect them.

• Graffiti : Graffiti is the application of media by humans on publicly viewable surfaces. One definition is that it is “a drawing or writing scratched on a wall or other surface; a scribbling on an ancient wall, as those at Pompeii and Rome.” ( “Graffito”. Oxford English Dictionary 2. (2006). Oxford University Press.). When done without the property owner’s consent it is vandalism. Some countries require theowner’s consent before public organisations can prosecute such vandalism.


Design• Illustration : An Illustration is a visualisation such as drawing, painting, photograph or

other work of art that stresses subject more than form. The aim of an illustration is to elucidate or decorate a story, poem or piece of textual information (such as a newspaper article), traditionally by providing a visual representation of something described in the text.

• Installation art : Installation art is art that uses sculptural materials and other media to modify the way we experience a particular space. Installation art is not necessarily confined to gallery spaces and can refer to any material intervention in everyday public or private spaces. Installation art incorporates almost any media to create a visceral and/or conceptual experience in a particular environment. Materials used in contemporary installation art range from everyday and natural materials to new media such as video, sound, performance, computers and the internet. Some installations are site-specific in that they are designed to only exist in the space for which they were created.


Design• Mail art : Mail art is art which uses the postal system as a medium. The term “mail

art” can refer to an individual message, the medium through which it is sent, and an art movement. Mail artists typically exchange ephemera in the form of illustrated letters; zines; rubberstamped, decorated, or illustrated envelopes; artist trading cards; postcards; artistamps; faux postage; mail-interviews; naked mail; and three-dimensional objects.

• Mixed media : Mixed media, in visual art, refers to an artwork in the making of which more than one medium has been employed. When creating a painted or drawn work using mixed media it is important to choose the layers carefully and allow enough drying time between the layers to insure the final work will have integrity. If many different media are used it is equally important to choose a sturdy foundation upon which the different layers are imposed. An old rule good to remember is “Fat over lean.” In other words, don’t start with oil paints. Plan to make them the final layer.


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basics of design & graphics

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