basic understanding about tcp/ip addressing system
DESCRIPTION
Basic understanding in TCP/IPTRANSCRIPT
TCP/IP ADDRESSING SYSTEM
TRANMISSION CONTROL PROTOCOL/
INTERNET PROTOCOL
Contents
● IMPORTANCE ● HISTORY● TCP/IP ARCHITECTURE● NETWORK ACCESS LAYER● INTERNET LAYER● TRANSPORT LAYER● APPLICATION LAYER
Importance
● Network Administration
● Social Networking
● Internet
History
● US Defence Department
● Vint Cerf
● Robert E.Kahn
Invention of TCP/IPV.Cerf R.kahn
TCP/IP ArchitectureLayers of tcp/ip Data Packages in tcp/ip
Significant Tasks in tcp/ip● Packet Switching
● Logical Addressing
● Routing
● Error/Flow Control
● Name Resolution
● Apps Support
Network Access Layer
● Data frames sent to identify source,destination MAC’s.
● Ethernet
● CSMA/CD
● ARP/RARP
Frame Header
IP Layer● IP Address → 32 bit i.e. 4 octets
● Ex: 127.0.0.0 i.e. used to find tcp/ip working?
● Ping 127.0.0.0
● IP Address using network id + host id
Classification of IP addresses● Class A Address first octet starts from 1-
127(10.0.0.0)first octet for n/w id remaining for host id.
● Class B Address first octet starts from 128-191 (190.78.0.0)first two octets for n/w id remaining for host id.
● Class C Address first octet starts from 192-223 (190.78.200.0)first 3 octets for n/w id remaining for host id.
Classification of IP addresses
● Class D Address : First octet starts from 224-239
● Class E Address : First octet starts from 240-247
Subnet and Subnet Mask
● For Class A network there is 16 millions of hosts are available n/w id itself doesn’t root to correct destination.
● In order to avoid such problems network divides into small type of networks called subnets.
● Each subnet has its own subnet id which has given by network to root the data package for the particular host.
Subnet and Subnet Mask
● Subnet id can borrow the some of the bits from the host id to identify the particular subnet in the network.
● How to identify how many bits are borrowed from host id to subnet id determined by the SUBNET MASK.
● Subnet mask is also 32 bit binary address . It uses all 1’s for the n/w id and all 0’s for host id.
Subnet and Subnet Mask● Subnet mask defines the combined length of n/w id
and subnet id.● Example: If 19 bits are used for n/w id for Class B
address having subnet masks 0f 255.255.224.0 ● Default subnet masks for class A 255.0.0.0● Default subnet masks for class B 255.255.0.0● Default subnet masks for class C 255.255.255.0● Example : IP Address 212.114.32.113(subnet id :96,
host id 17 i.e. 0.0.0.96 and 0.0.0.17)
IP Header
Questions related to Subnet mask● How large a subnet id in class B n/w with mask
255.255.0.0?● A n/w admin calculates that he will needs 21 mask
bits for his network, what subnet mask he should use?
● A class c n/w address needed for employees of 10 locations each location has not more than 12 people what subnet mask needed for every work station?
● X wants to use the three subnet bits for sub netting on class A n/w what should be the sub net mask?
CIDR Classless internet domain routing● We are running out of internet class addresses● ISP leases some range of Class C network
addresses and needs only one entry to define them all.
● Its needed a decimal number followed by slash as 204.21.128.0/17
● Question: what IP Address assigned in the CIDR range 204.21.128.0/17?
Transport Layer
● Interface for network applications● Resequencing● Multiplexing (many to one), Demultiplexing(one to
many)● Flow control● Port numbers (ip address + port number)
192.168.25.120.21● Grace fully close
Segment Header
Application Layer
● File or print services
● Name Resolution Services
● Remote Access Services
● Web services
References
● All official documents of tcp/ip presents in RFC’s
● http://www.rfc-editor.org
● You can comment for rfc’s with the email [email protected]
THANK YOU!!