basic structural design
DESCRIPTION
Two MARKS qUESTIONSTRANSCRIPT
09CE46 BASIC STRUCTURAL DESIGN
(Masonry, Timber& Steel)
Design of brick Masonry structures
1) List out any two factors which affect the permissible stress of masonry?
2) What is slenderness ratio for a masonry wall? State the maximum values?
3) What are the conditions to be satisfied in the masonry structures for their
stability?
4) What is overturning moment?
5) Explain the factors to be considered while designing brick masonry with respect
to stability and lateral support on the structure?
6) Distinguish between load bearing and non load bearing walls with example?
7) Define “Bearing wall”?
8) What are the assumptions made in the design of reinforced masonry structure?
9) Differentiate between masonry walls and monolithic walls?
10) Mention the important factors to be considered in the design of masonry
structure?
11) Define slenderness ratio of a masonry column and give its limiting value?
12) Give one example each for partially restrained support and fixed support of
masonry structures?
13) List the classification of masonry structures?
14) Compare load bearing wall and non-loading bearing wall?
15) How masonry structures gain stability?
16) What important loads are to be considered while designing masonry
components of a structure?
17) Define stability moment?
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18) Why are the piers provided along the length of wall?
19) Explain the terms effective height and effective length of a masonry wall.
20) What is the purpose of providing lateral support in a masonry structure?
21) What do you mean by shape modification factor?
22) What are the different grades of mortar that is recommended in IS 1905-1987?
23) What is a pilaster in a brick masonry wall?
24) How area reduction factor can be determined?
25) Draw the cross, wall, and bed joint in masonry structure.
26) What is meant by local bond stress?
27) How masonry structures gain stability?
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Design of Timber structures
1) List the factors governing the permissible bearing stress perpendicular to the
timber grains?
2) Draw various forms of solid timber columns?
3) What do you mean by ‘gravity of timber’?
4) Write down the Hankinson’s formula used for permissible bearing stress in the
timber?
5) List the factors affecting the strength of timber?
6) Name the type of timber joints in construction?
7) Write different groups of timber?
8) A timber section has a length 1.8m with cross sectional dimensions
150mm*150mm.Determine whether it is long column (or) short column?
9) Why bridges are rarely constructed entirely of wood?
10) Name various types of timber plate joints?
11) What are the factors affecting the strength of timber?
12) What is meant by “seasoning of timber”?
13) What is the importance of wood grain for the structural properties of timber?
14) What are the types of nails that are commonly used in joints of timber
structures?
15) How will you presence the timber?
16) What do you mean by grains of timber?
17) Write down the factor which affects the strength and durability of timber?
18) What is the different grading of timber?
19) Briefly explain ‘seasoning’ of timber?
20) What do you mean by decay of timber?
21) Define ‘desiccating seasoning’?
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22) Resistances that can be made by designing timber beam are?
23) Write the form factor value for built-up beams?
24) In what condition beam to be safe in bearing stress?
25) What is the least lateral dimension for circular column?
26) Neatly Draw the fishplate joint in timber
27) A Timber column is made of deodar wood and is 20cm in diameter. The
effective length of the column is 1.25metres. Find the safe axial load. The safe
compressive stress for deodar wood for a short column may be taken as
70kg/cm2
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Plastic theory
1) What are the two basic criteria any structural design must satisfy?
2) In what way plastic design methods are different from elastic design methods?
3) Distinguish between the elastic modulus and plastic modulus of a section.
4) State the assumptions made in plastic design to simplify computations.
5) State the condition to be satisfied in order to use plastic methods of analysis as
per IS 800.
6) Define shape factor
7) Draw the idealized stress-strain curve for mild steel
8) Will the shape factor of rectangular and circular cross sections be higher than
that of I-sections? Justify your answer
9) What are the advantages and disadvantages offered by plastic hinge?
10) What is a plastic hinge? In what way it is different from ordinary hinge?
11) What are the points at which a plastic hinge is likely to form?
12) Evaluate the shape factor for a) Rectangular section b) Triangular section
c)circular section d) hollow circular section e) diamond section
13) In plastic design, what is meant by margin of safety?
14) What is the hinge length of the plasticity zone for a simple beam subjected
to uniformly distributed load?
15) What are the basic conditions to be satisfied in an elastic analysis and a
plastic analysis?
16) Illustrate the difference between the yield moment and plastic moment of
resistance by taking an example of a simply supported rectangular beam and
subjected to central concentrated load.
17) State the principle of virtual work
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18) State the following theorems of plastic collapse: a) static theorem b)
kinematic theorem c) uniqueness theorem
19) What are the two methods of plastic analysis by which the collapse load can
be determined?
20) What is load factor usually adopted in plastic design?
21) What are the two groups of mechanisms considered in the plastic design to
continuous beam?
22) What is meant by redistribution of moment?
23) For simply supported beam subjected to uniformly disturbed load determine
the collapse load?
24) A beam of rectangular cross section b x d is subjected to a bending moment
0.9Mp.find out the depth of the elastic core
25) What is meant by complete, partial and over complete collapse?
26) Define collapse load.
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Connections
1) What is bolt value?
2) Define modulus of elasticity
3) Define Poisson’s ratio
4) Draw a neat sketch of ISMB 400 and mention its properties
5) Define the terms gauge distances ,pitch, edge and end distance of bolt holes
6) Define staggered pitch
7) Define clip angle
8) What are the types of bolts used to connect structural members?
9) Why black bolts are used only for static loads not for dynamic loads?
10) What are the possible modes of failure of bolted connection?
11) Write interaction formula to check the critical bolt
12) How strength of weld can be calculated?
13) What are the disadvantages of welded connections?
14) What are the different types of bolts?
15) Define effective length and minimum length of weld connections
16) List the advantages of welded connection
17) What are the advantages of bolted connection?
18) List any four common defects in the welds
19) List out any two merits of welded connection
20) Write the expression for investigating the safety of an eccentric bolted
connection, when the applied moment is normal to the plane of connection
21) What are the deformations against which the resistances are offered by the
bolts connecting the bracket plate and the flange of the column, when the
applied moment is in the plane of the connection?
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22) State the advantages of welded connection over bolted connection
23) Determine the bolt value for 20mm diameter common bolts connecting
12mm thick plates if it is in a) single shear b) double shear
24) What do 4 and 6 imply for bolts of grade 4.6?
25) Write the expression for calculating the nominal capacity of black bolts.
26) Differentiate between rigid and semi rigid connections
27) What are the types of Welding?
28) Give the types of welded joints
29) Write the relation between the size and throat of a fillet weld having 90
degree fusion angle.
30) What is Rivet value?
31) Define shape factor
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Tension members
1) List some of the tension members used in buildings and bridges.
2) What are the factors that influence the strength of tension members?
3) List the type of cross section that can be used as tension members and their use
in typical structures.
4) What is meant by slenderness ratio?
5) Write down the expression for the axial elongation of the member subjected to a
tensile force?
6) How is the yield point of a high-strength steel tension member determined?
7) List out the different modes of failure in tension member.
8) What is the design stress of a tension member based on a) gross-section
yielding b) net section rupture
9) Write short notes on block shear failure in plates and angles?
10) Under what circumstances will the block shear failure be predominant?
11) Why drilled holes preferred over punched holes?
12) By what methods can the effect of punched holes be considered in the design
calculation?
13) Write down the expression to calculate the net area of cross section of a
plate of width B, thickness t, and having staggered holes of pitch p and gauge g.
14) What is effect of high bearing stress due to bolts bearing against the holes?
15) What is meant by shear lag?
16) How can the effects of shear lag be considered in the design calculation?
17) How the net area is calculated when angles are connected through both the
legs with staggered bolts?
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18) Write down the expression given in IS 800-2007 for the net section design of
angle tension members
19) List the various steps involved in the design of a tension member
20) What is lug angle? Why it is not used in practice?
21) What is permissible stress in axial tension?
22) In what situation lug angle is used?
23) What is moment resistance?
24) Define Equivalent axial tensile load
25) Draw the different shapes of tension members
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Compression members
1) What is meant by strut?
2) Draw the diagram of buckling of column.
3) What are the assumptions made in Euler’s analysis?
4) What is meant by Effective sectional area?
5) What are the buckled modes for different end conditions?
6) Define position restraint
7) What are the different forms of compression members?
8) What are the effect of initial bow of member and eccentricity of load?
9) Define Effective length
10) What are the different effective lengths for different boundary conditions?
11) What is meant by actual length?
12) How the effective length of column is determined?
13) Define slenderness ratio
14) A single angle discontinuous strut ISA 70x70x8mm of a roof truss is
connected by two rivets at end .Determine the safe load if the permissible axial
compression is 92 N/mm2 .Take yield stress as 250 MPa
15) An ISHB300 is to be used as a short column carrying axial load .is its
compressive strength likely to be affected by local buckling assuming Fe410
with fy=250 MPa
16) What are the factors which influence the load carrying capacity of a
compression in steel design
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17) State the possible modes of failure of an axially loaded column.
18) How will you calculate the safe load carrying capacity of a compression
member?
19) List out the different sections of rolled steel joint.
Beams
1) Why are rolled I-sections widely used as beam?
2) What are the checks to be performed for beam member design?
3) What are the points to be considered in the design of beam?
4) Compare: laterally supported beam and laterally unsupported beam
5) Distinguish between laterally restrained and unrestrained beams
6) What is web crippling?
7) What is web buckling?
8) Explain beam with unrestrained compression flange
9) What is lateral torsional buckling of beams?
10) Name various ways of providing torsional restraint of steel beams
11) Explain the behavior of beam in flexure
12) What is meant by elastic critical moment?
13) Write the expression for elastic critical moment
14) How rotation about the longitudinal axis and rotation of the flange in plane
of beams are prevented?
15) Draw the failure of beams due to buckling and crippling for I-section
16) What are the factors affecting lateral stability?
17) What is meant by shear lag effect?
18) Under what conditions can lateral buckling occur?
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19) Under what conditions can a beam member be assumed as laterally
restrained?
20) What is the difference between column buckling and beam buckling?
21) Differentiate between local and lateral buckling of beams
22) How can the lateral buckling behavior be improved in a beam member?
23) Under what conditions a beam should be checked for shear?
24) What is meant by effective length of beam member?
25) A beam subjected to transverse loads experience two types of shear .what
are they?
26) Web crippling in steel beam occurs due to failure of web under concentrated
load why?
27) What are the parameters to be checked for beam design?
28) How is spacing of the purlins fixed?
29) Define the gross cross-section of the web in the case of rolled beams and
channels.
30) Define 1.) Eaves 2.) Spacing of purlins
31) What are the permissible values for bearing and shearing stresses of steel
member used as beam sections?
32) Draw any four types of Roof trusses
33) How are live loads on roof considered for design?
34) What is the criterion for economic spacing of trusses for roofs?
35) Differentiate between main member and secondary member of a truss
36) Define a column splice
37) Define a girder
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