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Hola!Lesson 14 on Basic Spanish!

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Revision : Forms of Estar

English Spanish

I am Yo estoy

We are Nosotros estamos

You (informal) are T ests

You (informal, pl) are Vosotros estis

He is / She is /You (formal) are l / Ella / Usted est

You are / They are Ustedes/ Ellos / Ellas estn

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Revision

English Spanish

How are you (inf.)? Cmo ests?

How are you (formal)? Cmo est usted?I am fine Estoy bien

Can I smoke? Puedo fumar?

Yes S

Where is the toilet? Dnde est el bao?

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Lesson objectives

1 Definite and indefinite articles

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Whats in store today?

We will learn the difference between definiteand indefinite articles and theirusage in Spanish!

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Definite and indefinite articles

The difference between definite articles andindefinite

articles can be observed in the following twosentences:

1. Give me the red pen2. Give me apen

Imagine a box full of pens, with a blue, green,

black andone red pen, so when we say 'give me the red pen'we are

referring to aparticularpen, while the sentence'give me

a pen' could refer to any pen

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Definite and indefinite articles

Thus, the difference between definite articles and

indefinite articles is that definite articles (like the)are associated with specific or particular itemswhile indefinite articles (like a and an) may

refer to any item

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The definite article 'the'

In English, 'the' is used as the definite articleregardless of

gender or count (singular/plural)

Example:The womanThe women

The man

The men

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The definite article 'the'

In Spanish, the definite article 'the' has four forms

Examples:el gato = the male cat

los gatos = the male/mixed cats (group)

la gata = the female catlas gatas = the female cats (group)

Thus, in Spanish, the forms of 'the' vary based ongenderand count

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The definite article 'the'

Gender Singular Plural

Masculine/ Mixed el los

Feminine la las

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Grammar tip

The masculine plural definite article (los) is alsoused to

indicate a group of mixed gender

Thus, 'los gatos' could refer to a group of 3 malecats, or it

could refer to a group of 2 female cats and onemale cat

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So remember!

Gender Singular Plural

Masculine/ Mixed el los

Feminine la las

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Try yourself

The books(Hint : books = libros : masculine)

1El

libros

2Los

libros

3Las

libros

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Solution

The books(Hint : books = libros : masculine)

1El

libros

2Los

libros

3Las

libros

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Try yourself

The magazine(Hint : magazine = revista : feminine)

1El

revista

2La

revista

3Las

revista

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Solution

The magazine(Hint : magazine = revista : feminine)

1El

revista

2La

revista

3Las

revista

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Grammar tip

We saw earlier that nouns in Spanish take upeithermasculine or feminine gender

We noted that masculine forms usually end in -o

(eg: libro= books) and feminine in -a (eg: revista =

magazine) andfor plural forms we add an -s at the end

Remember these rules as these will help youidentify the

gender of the noun and thus the form of articles touse

with it

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Indefinite articles

In English, we use 'a', 'an' and 'some' for indefinitearticles

Examples:A book

An egg

Some booksSome eggs

The word some is used as a functional plural ofa/an

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Indefinite articles

In Spanish, the indefinite article has 4 forms,depending on whether the noun is masculine,

feminine,singular or plural

un gato = a male catunos gatos = some male/mixed cats

una gata = a female cat

unas gatas = some female cats

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Indefinite articles

Gender Singular (a/an) Plural(some)

Masculine/ Mixed un unosFeminine una unas

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Grammar tip

Un/ Una can refer to 'one' or 'a'/'an'

Example:

One book = Un libroA book = Un libro

One magazine = Una revistaA magazine = Una revista

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Try yourself

Some books

1Un

libros

2Unoslibros

3Unaslibro

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Solution

Some books

1Un

libros

2Unoslibros

3Unaslibro

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Try yourself

A pen(Hint : pen = pluma)

1Una

pluma

2Un

pluma

3Unos

pluma

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Solution

A pen(Hint : pen = pluma)

1Una

pluma

2Un

pluma

3Unos

pluma

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Try yourself

Some eggs(Hint : eggs = huevos : masculine)

1Unas

huevos

2Un

huevos

3Unos

huevos

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Solution

Some eggs(Hint : eggs = huevos : masculine)

1Unas

huevos

2Un

huevos

3Unos

huevos

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Try yourself

An egg

1Una

hueva

2El

huevo

3Un

huevo

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Solution

An egg

1Una

hueva

2El

huevo

3Un

huevo

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Let's revise : The definite article 'the'

Gender Singular Plural

Masculine/ Mixed el losFeminine la las

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Let's revise : Indefinite articles

Gender Singular (a/an) Plural(some)

Masculine/ Mixed un unosFeminine una unas

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Culture Leaf

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Culture leaf : National day!

Spain's National Day is held on 12

October, the day celebrated in

other countries as Columbus Day

or Da de la Raza, and

commemorates the anniversary of

Christopher Columbus's arrival in

the Americas

A military parade is held in

Madrid celebrating the occasion

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Columbus_Day

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Whats next?

In the next lesson, we will learn some

common expressions of time!

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Credits

ContentTeam CultureAlley, Okairy Zuiga, Tomasa Merino

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Day

Imageshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Christopher_Columbus3.j

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See you at the Alley!

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