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Basic Sentence Punctuation

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Page 1: Basic Sentence Punctuation Types of Sentences Simple: one independent clause Compound: two or more independent clauses Complex: one independent clause

Basic Sentence Punctuation

Page 2: Basic Sentence Punctuation Types of Sentences Simple: one independent clause Compound: two or more independent clauses Complex: one independent clause

Types of Sentences

Simple: one independent clauseCompound: two or more independent clausesComplex: one independent clause and one or more dependent clausesCompound-complex: two or more independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses

Page 3: Basic Sentence Punctuation Types of Sentences Simple: one independent clause Compound: two or more independent clauses Complex: one independent clause

Types of Clauses

A clause contains a subject and a predicate (verb+other elements)Independent clause: a complete thoughtJack and Jill went up the hill.Jack fell down and broke his crown.

Dependent clause: an unfinished thoughtSubordinate conjunction: When Jack fell down Relative pronoun: that Jack went up

Page 4: Basic Sentence Punctuation Types of Sentences Simple: one independent clause Compound: two or more independent clauses Complex: one independent clause

Simple Sentence:one independent clause

Declarative sentence:Jack and Jill went up the hill.Jack fell down and broke his crown.

Interrogative sentence:Who went up the hill?

Exclamatory sentence:Jill came tumbling after!

Page 5: Basic Sentence Punctuation Types of Sentences Simple: one independent clause Compound: two or more independent clauses Complex: one independent clause

Compound sentences – two or more independent clauses

Connected with a co-ordinate conjunction – and, or, nor, but, yet, so, for:Jack fell down and Jill came tumbling after.

No co-ordinate conjunction:Jack fell down Jill came tumbling after.

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Page 6: Basic Sentence Punctuation Types of Sentences Simple: one independent clause Compound: two or more independent clauses Complex: one independent clause

Compound SentencePunctuation Errors

Run-on (ro) sentence: independent clauses connected with a coordinate conjunction but no comma: Jack fell down and Jill came tumbling after.

Fused (fused) sentence: independent clauses bumping into each other: Jack fell down Jill came tumbling after.

Comma splice (cs): use of a comma where a semi-colon is needed Jack fell down, Jill came tumbling after.

Page 7: Basic Sentence Punctuation Types of Sentences Simple: one independent clause Compound: two or more independent clauses Complex: one independent clause

Complex sentence – one independent clause and one or

more dependent clausesIndependent followed by dependent:Jack broke his crown when he fell down.

Dependent followed by independent:When Jack fell down he broke his crown.

Dependent inserted into independent:Jack who fell down the hill broke his crown.

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Page 8: Basic Sentence Punctuation Types of Sentences Simple: one independent clause Compound: two or more independent clauses Complex: one independent clause

Compound-complex sentence –two or more independent clauses and

one or more dependent clausesWhen Jack fell down he broke his crown and Jill came tumbling after.

,,

Page 9: Basic Sentence Punctuation Types of Sentences Simple: one independent clause Compound: two or more independent clauses Complex: one independent clause

Simple Rules

Independent, and independent.

Independent; independent.

Dependent, independent.

Independent dependent.

Cartoon by Bob Staake

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