basic html/css primer for high school advisers
DESCRIPTION
During Emerging Media workshop we talked about the basic html/css terminology and importance before moving into CMS.TRANSCRIPT
HTMLFoundation of Web development
<<
You don’t have to be a Web ninja
to understand Web development basics.
Code is a series of logical questions and answers
So, let’s answer some questions …
Layers of a Web site
Hypertext Markup LanguageHypertext Markup Language describes:
- Structure
- Content
- Typographic hierarchy
- Rudimentary style (bold, italics, etc.)
What is HTML?
HTML Document
It might feel chaotic and unstructured …But the entire content of the page exists here.
Cascading Style Sheets- Separates style from content
- Easier to change formatting and update an entire Web site
- Eliminates page load
- Flexible design
- Better user accessibility for search bots and screen readers
- Allows you to design for multiple browsers and multiple Operating System (Linux, PC or Mac) environments
What is CSS?
CSS Document
-HTML is used for content and structure
-HTML houses scripting languages and behaviors
-CSS separates style from content
-CSS helps screen readers and users with disabilities read real content
HTML vs. CSS Review
Speaking of accessibility …
A brief intro to accessibility
When building a Web site consider accessibility
issues for users, search engines and mobile
applications
A user sees:
Search bot/screen reader:
Video on Screen Readers and Accessibility
Mobile device:
There are several things you can do to create good experiences for all users:
Write good, descriptive headlines
Write detailed paragraphs
Write precise page titles
Write descriptive image tags
Write descriptive linksDon’t say ‘click here!’
Separate content from style
Ready to start writing HTML and CSS?
Who needs fancy schmancy software? We don’t!
Create a folder called ‘Web’ on your desktop
In that folder, create a new folder called ‘style’
Open a text editor: Text Wrangler, Text Edit or even Word is fine.
Save a new document as ‘index.html’
You just created a homepage.
And added content.
HTML has open and close brackets, which are called tags:
<b>Content goes here</b> Result: Content goes here
<i>Content goes here</i> Result: Content goes here
For a complete list, go to W3Schools.org
<font color=”blue”>Content</font> Result: Content
Declare a ‘DOCTYPE’DOCTYPE tells browsers which set of rules or semantics to use, what types of tags are allowed and how strictly to follow it. XHTML 1.0 Transitional is now one of the most common ‘DOCTYPEs’ to declare.
For a complete list, go to W3.org
Create an HTML tag- Defines the document as <html>
- Make sure to add open and close tag
- End of the document </html>
Create an HEAD tag- Defines header information
- Contains meta data and links to external files (such as CSS)
Create an TITLE tagDefines Title of Web page
Create an LINK tagA favicon is the small image that shows up in the browser
Examples:
Create META informationAdd descriptive text for search engines and screen readers to read
Create CSS LinkAdding a stylesheet link will allow you to link CSS to HTML
Create a CSS file- Create a new file called styles.css
Link HTML to CSSMake sure that the name of the folder matches up
Add a BODY tag to the HTML pageDefines content area of the Web page
Let’s start adding content!Between <body></body> tags, you can start to add other tags, such as paragraphs <p></p> and headlines <h1></h1>
You’ve got a page …
But it looks kind of boring, right?
CSS Basics
p {color:#666666;}
Result: Content becomes grey
p {color:#666666;font-weight:900;}
Result: Content becomes grey and heavy bold
Target HTML tags with ‘selectors’ in CSS. Attribute style information between the brackets.
Change ‘style’ of an HTML element:
Remember this?
Who’s a Web ninja? Questions?