basic camera control

8/2/2019 Basic Camera Control

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http://video.nytimes.com/video/playlist/ny-region/lens-

photojournalism/1194811622243/index.html

Jeff Jacobson

http://www.jeffjacobsonphotography.com

http://video.nytimes.com/video/playlist/ny-

region/lensphotojournalism/1194811622243/ind

ex.html


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Consciously viewing/seeing

Not Passively consuming

Dont just point, shoot, and hope for the best!


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Here comesthe

LIGHT


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Photo = light

Graph = draw or write

Photography = light writingor light drawing


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Camera Obscura


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Lenses and Optics - 17th century: Isaac Newton and

Christian Huygens perfected the understanding of

optics and the process of making high quality glass

lenses.


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Soon there were small, portable camera obscuras,


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William Henry Fox-Talbot invented light sensitive

photographic paper in 1839.


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Abelardo Morrell, Camera Obscura: View of Central Park Looking North-Fall, 2008


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Abelardo Morrell, Camera Obscura: View of Manhattan, 2008


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Color negative film,

also called print

film, The process

used to develop

these is called C-41, and so these

are sometimes

called "C-41 films".


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Slide film, or reversal film,

gives a positive image.

Use the E-6 process todevelop.


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Traditional black-and-white films are usually negative films, but

they're black-and-white. These, again, use a very different

process to all the other types of film. There's a special subset of

black-and-white films: those that can be developed in the sameC-41 process used for color negatives. Ilford XP2 and Kodak

BW400CN are two of them. These have all the properties of

color negatives, except for the color part.


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ISO = International Standard Organization number. ISO is a

numerical rating that describes the sensitivity to light of film or of a

digital cameras sensor. The ISO rating doubles as the sensitivity to

light doubles. increase in ISO will be noisier shots. A digital

camera usually have several ISO options.

100 3200


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Faster films (high ISO) will allow you to capture a subject in lowlight but more grain in your pictures)

Slower films (low ISO) have less grain, but require more light.

This isn't a problem for landscapes in daytime through to

sunset, but it does become a problem indoors, or shootingthings that move quickly.

Choose film speed according to the condition you want to take.

For beginner choose ISO 100 or 200 for outdoor and ISO 400

for indoor.


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You can use a chart sometimes packaged with film. Decide what kind of light is

on the scene, and set the shutter speed and aperture accordingly. The chart is based

on SUNNY 16 rule = on sunny day set aperture to f/16 and use the shutter speed

closet to ISO number. (example above)


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Situations where you might need to push ISO to higher settings

include:

* Indoor Sports Events where your subject is moving fast yet you

may have limited light available.

* Concerts also low in light and often no-flash zones

* Art Galleries, Churches etc- many galleries have rules against

using a flash and of course being indoors are not well lit.

* Birthday Parties blowing out the candles in a dark room can give

you a nice moody shot which would be ruined by a bright flash.Increasing the ISO can help capture the scene.


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The Shutter or exposure time

(think - eyelid) You adjust the length oftime the shutter remains open to control

the amount of light that reach the light-

sensitive surface.

Each full stop shutter setting is half or double the time of

The next one.


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The Leaf or between-the-lens-shutter


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The Focal-Plane Shutter


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The Term Stop in photography refers to a change in

illumination, whether the shutter speed or the aperture

Is change to achieve it.

Actual timein seconds

1

1.5

2

3

4

6

8

11

15

20

1

1.3

1.6

2

2.5

3

4

5

6

8

10

13

15

20

25

1

2

4

8

15

1 sec

1/2 sec

1/4 sec

1/8 sec

1/15 sec

1/2 stop1/3 stopFull stop

Shutter speeds your camera may display


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The agreed standards for shutter speeds are:

* 1/1000 s* 1/500 s

* 1/250 s

* 1/125 s

* 1/60 s

* 1/30 s

* 1/15 s

* 1/8 s

* 1/4 s

* 1/2 s

* 1 s

Each standard increment either

doubles the amount of light

(longer time) or halves the

amount of light (shorter time).

For example, if you move from 1sec to 1/2 second, you have

effectively halved the amount of

light entering the shutter.

http://wps.prenhall.com/hss_london_photo_9/68/17418/4459

072.cw/index.html


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TIP: Think about what is GOING to happen, rather than

trying to catch up to what has already happened.

Motion slows at the peak

Of an action that reverses


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Shutter speeds to stop action parallel to the image

plane

Type of Motion Speed Camera-to-subject distance

1/301/60

1/125

1/250

1/1000

1/601/125

1/250

1/500

1/1251/250

1/500

1/1000

-----

5 mph10 mph

20 mph

50 mph

----

Very fast walkerChild running

Good sprinter

Speeding car

airplane

100 feet50 feet25 feet


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Additional setting:

Bulb setting (B) Keeps the shutter open as long as the release button is held down.

Time setting (T) opens the shutter with one press of the release, and close it with another.


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Additional setting:Bulb setting (B) Keeps the shutter open as long as the release button is held down.

Time setting (T) opens the shutter with one press of the release, and close it with another.


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Left: 1/3200" Right 1/6400" - an important difference in sharpness

Fast Shutter Speed = Freeze the action


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Slow shutter speedsuggested movement -

motion (blur).

- a longer time passes

from the moment theshutter opens till the

moment it closes. More

time is available for

movement in the

subject to be recordedby the camera.


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Oliver Follmi, Pilgrimage to Bodghaya, India, 2002

Slow shutter speed (long exposure)


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Simon Bruty, Turin Winter Olympics

Panning (moving the camera to follow the subject) & use slow shutter speed (long exposure).


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Stefan Newell, Coloured Lights in Gran CanariaLong exposure (slow shutter speed) & move camera against stationary objects


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The Aperture is the size of the lens opening that control

the brightness of the light that reaches the sensor or film.

(think pupil of an eye) http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a3/Eye_dilate.gif

The size of an aperture is indicate by its f-number or f-stop.

Lens is said to be stopped down when the size of the

aperture is decrease.

Fast lenses allow you to shoot more easily in low light

or at higher shutter speeds. (large aperture)

The faster the lenses = the more expensive

(f/1.4 is faster than f/2)


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f/1.4f/1.6

f/1.8

f/2

f/2.2

f/2.5

f/2.8

f/3.2

f/3.5f/4

f/4.5

f/5

f/1.4f/1.7

f/2

f/2.3

f/2.8

f/3.4

f/4

f/4.7

f/1.4

f/2

f/2.8

f/4

1/3 stop1/2 stopAperture in full

stop

Aperture setting your camera may display

http://wps.prenhall.com/hss_london_photo_9/68/17418/4

459072.cw/index.html


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Depth of field is the area from near to far

In a scene that is acceptably sharp in a photograph.

This lens has depth-of-field scale


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Depth of field increases as the lens stoppeddown to smallest aperture (here at f/16)

Tip: check your camera manual.

It may have depth of field preview button!

Most camera will automaticallyShow the scene through the

widest aperture


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Oliver Follmi


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Large aperture, less depth of field blur the background--good for portrait


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Small aperture = more depth of field > good for detail.


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Using Shutter and Aperture together

Both shutter speed & Aperture affect the

amount of light entering the camera.Shutter Speed = Time

Aperture = Amount

Light Compensation

You can change one setting as long as youChange the other in the opposite way.

You can use a larger aperture if you need a

faster shutter speed or smaller aperture if you

Need a slower shutter speed.Remember!Shutter Speed affects the sharpness of moving objects

Aperture affects depth of field-sharpness from

near to far.


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F/16 > small aperture = Deep depth of field

1/8 sec> slow shutter speed = motion burred


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F/4 > medium aperture = less sharp background

1/125 sec> medium shutter speed = freeze some motion but the exposure is still too long

to show the motion of the birds wings sharply.


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F/2 > large aperture = Shallow depth of field = out of focus background.

1/500 sec > fast shutter speed = freeze all motion & produced motion sharp.


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-------------l---l---l---I---l---l----------------1-2 +1 +2

I = standard exposure level

Shutter Priority = you set the desired shutter speed

the camera sets the aperture

Aperture Priority = you set the desired aperture

the camera sets the shutter speed


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Exposure Compensation

-Bright situations

-Dark situations

"bracketing your exposure or use AEB (Automatic ExposureBracketing )


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0 compensation + 1.5 compensation


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James Nachwey, Alabama, 1994 - Prisoner on the chain gang


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Oliver Follmi


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Wrong trainhttp://lens.blogs.nytimes.com/2011/01/04/wrong-station-

right-image/?scp=2&sq=lens&st=cse

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