basic accounting and financial reports ver 1.0
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Basic Accounting &
Financial Reports
MATA KULIAH EKONOMI PERUSAHA AN
PEMBANGKITAN TENAGA LISTRIK
P R O GR A M S T U D I T E K N I K E L E K T R O
K E L O M P O K P E M I N A TA N M A N A J E M E N K E T E N A G A L I S T R I K A N D A N E N E R G I
FAKULTAS TEKN I K
U N I V E R S I T AS I N D O N E S I A
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OUR AGENDA
Introduction to Accounting
Basic Component of Accounting
Financial Reporting
Balance Sheet Structure
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OUR AGENDA
Introduction to Accounting
Basic Component of Accounting
Financial Reporting
Balance Sheet Structure
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What is the meaning of Accounting???
The process of identifying, measuring and communicating
information to permit judgment and decision by users of
accounts.
According to Am rican Accounting Association
The art of recording, classifying, summarizing, and reporting offinancial transactions that are occurring within a company
According to Suwarjono (2002
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Accounting provides a way to collect economic informatioand report it to the interested parties
Investors to help determine whether to !"# hold# or sell his $ her in % p%rti&!l%r &omp%n"
Emplo"eesto %ssess the &omp%n"'s %ilit" to provide rem!ner%tionene(ts %nd emplo"ment opport!nities)
*reditorsto de&ide whether the %mo!nt o+ the lo%n will e p&omp%n" on the d!e d%te)
S!pplierse&%!se o+ sellin, ,oods on &redit# the" need the in+odetermine whether the &omp%n" is %le to p%" +or the &re
Governmentto determine the %mo!nt o+ t%-es th%t will e levied&omp%n")
So&iet"to identi+" trends %nd developments prosperit" o+ the &o
%ll its %&tivities
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OUR AGENDA
Introduction to Accounting
Basic Component of Accounting
Financial Reporting
Balance Sheet Structure
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Accounting cycle is a series of accounting activities carried outsystematically starting from the accounting records until the closinthe oo!!eeping
Step 1 Analysis of
BusinessTransaction
Step 2Make
ournal!ntries
Step "#ost to$eneral%edger
Step &#repare
TrialBalance
Step 'Make
Ad(usting!ntries
Step ) Ad(usted
TrialBalance
Step *#repareFinancial
Statement
Step +Close
Accounts
Step ,#ost-
ClosingTrial
Balance
An%l".in, the prep%re oo//e
do&!ments1
1
Re&ord %&&o!nt 2
Ad2!sted Tri%l B%&&o!nt titles the ,ener%l leentries +or %n posted to the %&&
6
M%/e %d2!stin, 25
Prep%re 4in%n&iReport# st%temeret%ined e%rninsheet1)
7
Postin, to the ,e3
A post6&losin, twhi&h is prep%r%&&o!nts in the&losed) The temin&ome st%temreven!e# e-penss!mm%r" %&&o!%l%n&e sheet %&
9
Prep%re % tri%l o+ %ll o+ the %&&oh%ve %l%n&es)
4
I+ the (n%n&i%l stA&&o!nts is &lo
8
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Basic Accounting Equation shows the alance etween the amouof the company"s assets and total liailities and total e#uity
Assets=Liabilities!"uit#*!rrent Assets7- *%sh- A&&o!nt
Re&eiv%le- E5!ipment- Sto&/s# et&
Non6&!rrentAssets7- B!ildin,- Li&ense# et&
*!rrent Li%ilities7- A&&o!nts P%"%le
- B%n/ 8et 08!ed%te 9 : "e%r1
- T%-es# et&
Lon, Term Li%ilities7- B%n/ 8et 08!e
d%te ; : "e%r1- Bond 8et# et&
- Owner<sSh%reholder
- *%pit%l Sto&/)- Ret%ined
E%rnin,# et&
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E$ample from %& 'ndonesia %ower
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OUR AGENDA
Introduction to Accounting
Basic Component of Accounting
Financial Reporting
Balance Sheet Structure
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(inancial reports generated y a company must provide enefits to parties concerned with the financial statements) Accordingly* thereseveral #uality standards that must e met)
Delivering informationto a consumer is a
very, very powerfultool. It’s giving themmore control in their
life.
$an b%nerst
Reabilit#
$an be$o'pare
Rele(an
)eutral
*n +i'e
$o'p
(n%n&i%l st%tements %re presented in % w%" th%t is e%s"
to !nderst%nd# with the %ss!mption th%t the !ser h%s h%d%de5!%te /nowled,e o+ e&onomi& %nd !siness %&tivit"
(n%n&i%l in+orm%tion provided &%n meet the needs o+!sers %nd &%n %ssist !sers in ev%l!%tin, the events o+
the p%st %nd the +!t!re
The res!ltin, (n%n&i%l in+orm%tion m!st e veri(%le" %n independent veri(er with proper
me%s!rements
(n%n&i%l st%tements &%n &omp%re (n%n&i%lst%tements etween periods# so %s to identi+" trendsin (n%n&i%l position %nd per+orm%n&e
(n%n&i%l in+orm%tion sho!ld e %ddressed to the,ener%l p!rpose !sers
the (n%n&i%l st%tements sho!ld e presented %s e%rl" %spossile# so th%t it &%n e !sed %s % %sis +or &orpor%te
de&ision6m%/in, in %&&ord%n&e with the in+orm%tion itneeds time
(n%n&i%l in+orm%tion sho!ld present %ll the (n%n&i%l +%&ts th%t%re import%nt# %s well %s presentin, the +%&ts in % w%" th%t willnot misle%d re%ders
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&he financial statements are the end result of the activity of accounand summari+e transaction data in a form that is useful for decision,ma!ing [1/2]
,nco'e -tate'ent
A report showin, the&omp%n" or !sinessentit"'s %ilit" to,ener%te pro(ts in %,iven period)
1
,nco'e .....
!.pense ...../
0rot Loss
.....
-tate'ent o*ners !"uit#
A report showin,&h%n,es in owner'se5!it" d!rin, % spe&i(&time period)
2
!"uit#
Retaine!arning inearl# perio .....
0rot Loss.... /
.....
0ri(e 0a#'ent o
i(ien ..... /!"uit# in en
Balance -eet
4in%n&i%l st%tementswhi&h des&rie the(n%n&i%l &ondition o+ %&omp%n" %t % spe&i(&d%te
3
Assets
$urrentAssets ..... Lia
Fi.e Assets .....
8e
!"
Assets +otal ..... A<s
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&he financial statements are the end result of the activity ofaccounting and summari+e transaction data in a form that is usefuldecision,ma!ing [2/2]
-tate'ento $asFlos
A report th%t des&riesthe &%sh in=ows 0&%shre&eipts1 %nd o!t=ows0&%sh e-pendit!res1 in %,iven period
4!.a'ple ro' 0+ ,nonesia
0oer
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OUR AGENDA
Introduction to Accounting
Basic Component of Accounting
Financial Reporting
Balance Sheet Structure
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'ncome -tatement* .alance -heet* and -tatement of /ash (lowsdon0t stand alone* ut interrelated in a system
Pro(t $ Loss
*%sh
Initi%lB%l%n&
eSheet
4in%lB%l%n&
eSheet
*om&on%) I) 4&) P
S
d) S4
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-imply* the alance sheet is a direct illustration of the assets usedcompany and funds related to such assets
Assets
Liabilities !"uit#
!(er#tingic Are
*ne" &omp%n"
+eA'ount
*e" &omp%n"
>:??? >:???
Assets
>:???
Fi.e AssetsFA:
$urrentAssets $A:
>@??
>??
Balance -eet ;+raitional For'
Balance -eet ; FBo.es For'
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.alance -heet -tructure [1/2]
Assets
Liabilities !"uit#
>:??? >:???
Fi.e AssetsFA:
L+L
*F
$L
>@??
>??
>CD?
>D?
$urrent
Assets $A:
>??2
2
$urrent Assets All -orAssets:
a< -toc 0R%w m%teri%ls# pro&essed# (nished ,ootools1
b< Accounts Recei(ablec< $as 0%n/ deposits in
se&!rities# et&1< *ters 0%ll other short
s!&h %s e%rl" p%"ment n!mer o+ &orpor%te %&
tr%de tr%ns%&tions shor
Fi.e AssetsFA:
>@??1
1Fi.e Assets All Long +a< ,ntangibles 0,oodwill#
others1b< )et Fi.e Assets 0l%n
+%&tor" %nd tr%nsport e&omp!ter# o&e e5!ipmothers1
c< ,n(est'ent 0sto&/s1
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.alance -heet -tructure [2/2]
Assets
Liabilities !"uit#
>:??? >:???
Fi.e AssetsFA:
L+L
*F
$L
>@??
>??
>CD?
>D?4
All loans in Long +er' >ortgages? ebenturesbons
3
*ner Funing a< -are ,ssue
b< $apital Reser(es 0s!ro!tside the norm%l tr%dsh%reholders1
c< Re(enue Reser(es 0s+rom tr%des1
*nerFuning *F:
>D?
3
$urrent
Assets $A:
>??
Long +er'LiabilitiesL+L:
>CD?$urentLiabilities$L:
>??
4
5
5All Liabilities in -ort +e
a< Account 0a#ables thdet to s!ppliers +rom %&tivities1
b< -ort +er' Loans 0in+rom B%n/ %nd %ll sho
c< *ters 0det p%"ment
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