baseline knowledge attitudes practices survey of...

Baseline Knowledge Attitudes PracticesSurvey of Animal Health Workers on

Avian and Human Influenza

Prepared byNielsen Vietnam

forAvian Influenza Behavior Change Communication (AI BCC)

Academy for Educational DevelopmentFunded by

United States Agency for International Development

August 19, 2009

Contents

ContextMethodology and Sample Design

Research Objectives

Sampling Techniques

Respondent Definition

How Did We Collect Data

Questionnaire Flow

Detailed Findings

ContextMethodology and Sample Design

Research Objectives

Sampling Techniques



Questionnaire Flow

Detailed Findings

Context

Under the Provincial Program on Avian and Human Influenza (AHI) funded by USAID,AED’s AI BCC project is implementing training, communication and research activitiesto improve understanding and practices of small commercial poultry farmers andanimal health workers regarding AHI in 2009. The provincial package covers Ha Namand Hung Yen in the north, Quang Tri in the center and Can Tho and Kien Giang in thesouth. AED is coordinating interventions with other USAID-partners i.e., FAO, WHO,Abt Associates.

Majority of AED interventions at the commune level are in three provinces – Ha Nam,,Quang Tri and Kien Giang.

Through a competitive bidding process, Nielsen Vietnam was awarded a contract byAED to conduct a Knowledge- Attitudes-Practices (KAP) Survey of Animal HealthWorkers and Small Commercial (sector 3) Poultry Farmers to serve as baseline tomonitor and assess training and other activities.

This is the report on the Baseline Animal Health Worker survey

Business Needs AssessmentMethodology and Sample Design

Research Objectives

Sampling Techniques



Questionnaire Flow

Detailed Findings

Research Objectives : To gather information on

Knowledge, understanding and beliefs of animal health workers on AI, itssymptoms, modes of transmission, preventive measures in poultry andactions to take when an AI outbreak occurs in farms and communities

Knowledge, understanding and beliefs of animal health workers ontransmission of AI to humans specifically symptoms of human H5N1influenza and key preventive measures

Practices of animal health workers regarding prevention, control andreporting of AI occurrence in their areas of coverage, if outbreaks haveoccurred; if outbreaks have not occurred, what practices they are doingand plan to do

Knowledge of animal health workers on what actions to take if householdmembers show symptoms of human H5N1 influenza

Sources of information on the above matters and perceived credibility ofthose sources.

Research Design

Sampling TechniquesPurposive SamplingGeographic coverage: Ha Nam,Quang Tri, Kien GiangFieldwork:

Ha Nam started on June 01and ended on June 10Quang Tri started on May24 and ended on June 02Kien Giang started on May24 and ended on June 05

Sample SizeTotal sample size N=511Ha Nam (N= 150 for AHW)Quang Tri (N= 165 for AHW)Kien Giang (N= 196 for AHW)

Respondent CriteriaAnimal Health Worker(AHW)

Licensed or nonlicensedAware of AvianInfluenza

Overall, there are three levels of sampling for a sample design: Level 1"Random Sampling”; Level 2 "Quota Sampling - Fixed Route“ and Level 3"Quota Sampling - Open Route”.

In this study, we used Level 3 Purposive Random Sampling. Belowdescribes step by step how animal health workers were recruited

Step 2At Districtlevel, GLwasprovidedwith the keycontactpeople ofCommunes

Step 3At Commune, interviewersare provided contactinformation of the animalhealth workers from headof villages.

How Were Animal Health Workers Recruited?

Step 1At Provincial level,Group Leaders(GL) contacted thekey contact peopleof the VeterinaryDepartment of HaNam, Quang Triand Kien Giang.Here, anintroductory letterwas issued for GLto be used inDistricts

Ha Nam Province

Location: the south-west of the RedRiver deltaArea: 850 square kmPopulation: 837,662Economy: mainly agriculture,forestry and aquaculture (making ofone third of total provincial GPP)Other useful facts in 2008:

Number of licensed veterinarians:57Number of licensed animal healthworkers: 827

Nhan My; Nhan Thinh; DucLy; Dao Ly; Dong Ly;Nguyen Ly; Cong Ly

Ly Nhan#(n=30)

3

Thanh Son; Lien Son; KhaiPhong; Ba SaoThuy Loi; Ngoc Son; DongHoa; Thi Son; Kim Binh

Kim Bang#(n=40)

4

Studied CommunesDistrictNo

Kien Khe; Thanh Ha;Thanh Tuyen; Thanh Binh;Lien Thuan; Thanh luu;Thanh Thuy; Liem Can;Liem Kiet; Thanh Tan

Duy Minh*; Yen Bac; DuyHai;Hoang Dong

Dong Du*; Binh Nghia;Dinh Xa; Trang An; DinhNghia; Trinh Xa

ThanhLiem#(n=40)

5

Duy Tien#(n=30)

2

Binh Luc#*(n=30)

1

•# where fieldwork was conducted•* where there was AI outbreak

B×nh Lôc

Lý Nh©n

Duy Tiª n

Kim B¶ng

Thanh Liª m

TX. Phñ Lý

Quang Tri Province

Location: North CentralVietnamArea: 4,760 square kmPopulation: 625,800Other useful facts in 2008:

Number of licensedveterinarians: 50Number of licensedanimal health workers:543

Vinh Thuy; Vinh Hoa; VinhLong; Vinh Son

VinhLinh#(n=30)

3

Cam Thanh; Cam Tuyen;Cam Hieu

Cam Lo#(n=30)

4

Studied communesDistrictNo

Hai Thanh; Hai Truong

Dong Luong

Trieu Trung*; Trieu Do;Trieu Trach; Trieu Son

Gio My*; Trung Son*; GioThanh*; Gio Phong; TrungHai

Hai Lang#(n=15)

6

Dong Ha#(n=30)

5

TrieuPhong*#(n=30)

2

GioLinh*#(n=45)

1


Kien Giang Province

Location: Mekong delta ofSouthern VietnamArea: 6299 square kmPopulation: 1,634,043Other useful facts in 2008:

Number of licensedveterinarians: 17Number of licensedanimal health workers:370

Son Kien; Nam Thai Son; Binh Giang; Binh Son;Hon Dat Town; Lin Huynh; My Hiep son; My Lam;My Phuoc; My Thai; My Thuan; Son Binh; ThoSon; Soc Son Town

Hon Dat#(n=23)

Ham Yen*; Dong Thai; Dong Yen; Hung Yen; AnBien; Thu 3 Town; Tay Yen; Tay Yen A; NamThai; Nam Thai A

An Bien#(n=30)

3

Ngoc Truc; Giong Gieng Town; Long Thanh;Ngoc Thanh; Da Ban Thach

Giong Gieng#(n=30)

4

Studied communesDistrictNo

Duong Hoa; Kien Binh; Vinh Dieu; Vinh Phu;Kien Luong Town; Binh An; Binh Tri; Phu My;Hoa Dien; Phu Loi; Tan Khanh Hoa

Minh Luong; Mong Tho; Mong Tho B; Mong ThoA; Minh Hoa; Thanh L?c; Gi?c Tu?ng; Vinh HoàHi?p; Vinh Hoà Phu; Bình An

Tan Hiep A*; Tan Thanh; Tan An;Tan Hoi; TanHiep B; Thanh Dong 3; Thanh Tri

Vinh Tuy*; Thoi Quan; Dinh Hoa; Dinh An

Kien Luong#(n=18)

6

Chau Thanh#(n=35)

5

Tan Hiep#*(n=30)

2

Go Quao#*(n=30)

1


Kiª n H¶i

TX. Hµ Tiª n

Hßn § Êt

TX.R¹ch Gi¸

An Minh

An Biª n

Gß Quao

Giång GiÒngCh©u Thµnh

T©n HiÖp

Phó Quèc

VÜnh ThuËn

Kiª n L- ¬ng

Media Habits (Q77-Q82ab)

Demographics (Q83-Q88)32 OPEN ENDED QUESTIONS, 56 CLOSED ENDED QUESTIONS

Knowledge of Avian Influenza To Humans (Q63-Q75)

Sources of Avian Influenza Awareness (Q76ab)

Knowledge Of Avian Influenza Among Poultry (Q18-Q22)

Prevention And Control Of Avian Influenza Among Poultry (Q23-Q62)

Past Training On Avian Influenza (Q8-Q17)

Awareness Of Avian Influenza (Q6-Q7)

Screening questions (Q2-Q5)

Questionnaire Flow

Business Needs AssessmentMethodology and Sample Design

Research Objectives

Sampling Techniques



Questionnaire Flow

Detailed Findings

1.Avian Influenza Awareness

Male

Female

25 and below

26-35

36-45

46 and above

AB

CD

EF

Profile Of Animal Health Workers All Animal Health Workers (n=511)

7 out of 10 AWH are males, 65% of them belong to class EF. Most of them are fromages 36 and above and have varied education levels. More than 80% have receivedAI training.

Attending AI training

Education

Raise Poultry

24%

12%

34%

4%

63%

37%

86%

14%

26%

Trained

None Trained

Primary and Elementary school

High school

Diploma/ Vocational training

College

Bachelor degree

Raising poultry

Non-raising poultry

Gender

Age

SEC

0%

65%

34%

45%

24%

23%

9%

28%

72%

100%

Have you heard of Avian Influenza?All Animal Health Workers (n=511)

Source: Q6. Have you heard of Avian Influenza? (Close-end)

Yes

27%

23%

19%

19%

13%

10%

10%

39%

45%

56%Is transmissible to humans

Is an infectious disease caused by H5N1 virus inthe air

Cause fatal disease to humans

A disease that can cause massive death

Has strong spread

Avian flu is a very dangerous infectious diseaseamong poultry

H5N1 disease is originated from poultry

Is transmissible among poultry

Easily cause a fatality to poultry

Easily transmit to humans through respiration

H5N1 causes a heavy damage to the economy

Has no cure yet/can only vaccinations forprevention for this disease

What do you know about AI?All Animal Health Workers (n=511)

Source: Q7. What you know about AI? (Open-end)

All AHWs are aware of Avian Influenza in overall and the top three knowledge of AIare related to “the transmission of AI”, “an infectious caused by H5N1 virus” and“cause fatal disease to humans”.

14%

86%

Have you ever attended AItraining before?

All Animal Health Workers (n=511)

More than 80% of AHW have attended an AI training recently and the key organizeris Sub-DAH.

Yes No

Who organized the AI training?All Animal Health Workers (n=511)

Source: Q8. if you ever attended a training about Avian Influenza before? (Close-end) Q11. Who organized the training? (Close-end)

3%

1%

1%

4%

15%

74%

Vietnam Veterinary Association

Department of animal health ofVietnam

Food and agricultureorganisation/FAO

Local vet centre

Vietnam Poultry Association

Sub-DAH

What were the training about?Those Who Attended AI Training (n=439)

10%

9%

7%

7%

6%

14%

25%

78%

Communicate local community that H5N1 is adangerous virus

Skills to deal with the areas with H5N1 outbreaks

Causes of the disease

Consequences/impacts of the disease

Communication about the Avian Flu awareness

Vaccination skills/ knowledge

Symptoms/ signs/ ways to recognize H5N1 amongpoultry

Prevention methods to H5N1

Source: Q12. What was the training about? (Open-end)Source: Q9. When was the last time attending the most recent AI training? (Close-end)

16%

26%

35%1 monthago

2-5months

ago

6-12months

ago

When did it happen?Those Who Attended AI Training (n=439)

78% say that the most recent AI training attended was about “prevention methods toH5N1” and the training was held 1-5 months ago.

71%29%

Aside from the most recent AI training, didyou attend any other AI training?


2%

2%

3%

3%

9%

79%Sub-DAH

Vietnam PoultryAssociation

Women union ofprovince/district

Local vet centre

Association oflocal farmers

Agriculturalextension

centre

Who are the organizers?Who Said Attended Another AI Training (n=129)

Only 29%of AHW attended another AI training and Sub-DAH is also the keyorganizer for this training.

Yes No

Source: Q13. Aside from the most recent AI training, did you attend any other training on AI? (Close-end)Source: Q16. Who organized this training? (Close-end)

What was the training about?Those Who Attended Another AI Training (n=129)

9%

8%

8%

7%

5%

4%

4%

15%

22%

72%

47%

24%

22%

7%1 monthago

2-5months

ago

6-12months

ago

Over 1year

When did it happen? Those Who Attended Another AI Training (n=129)

Disinfection methods

Communication about the Avian Flu awareness

Ways to raise poultry

Consequences/impacts of the disease

Ways to clean breeding facilities

Communicate local community that H5N1 is a dangerousvirus

Skills to deal with the areas with H5N1 outbreaks

Vaccination skills/knowledge

Trainings on symptoms/signs/ways to recognize H5N1among poultry

Prevention methods to H5N1

Source: Q17. What was the training about (Open-end)Source: Q14. When did it happen (Close-end)

The contents of the other AI training AHWs attended focus on prevention andsymptoms and the training was conducted over one year ago.

2. Knowledge of Avian Influenza amongPoultry

Which birds can get AI?All Animal Health Workers (n=511)

Source: Q18. Which birds can get AI (Close-end)

2%

5%

5%

15%

15%

85%All birds

Chickens

Ducks

Geese

Turkey

Wild bird

What cause poultry to get AI?All Animal Health Workers (n=511)

4%

4%

4%

5%

5%

6%

6%

7%

8%

8%

12%

12%

41%

21%

13%

Local people throw dead poultry negligently

Buy uncertified/unknown poultry

Buy a sick breeding poultry

Wet condition/place make the poultry weak hence thedisease easily attracks

Through the feces/respiration of birds

Contact other sick poultry

Eat foods that carry the disease

Let poultry run free in fields

Due to the unclean raising environment

Poultry do not have vaccinations

Unexpected change in weather

Poultry drink water that carries the disease

Do not clean the breeding facilities often or clean enough

Transport the poultry from the infected place to this place

Birds' migration can transmit the disease to other poultry

Source: Q19 What cause poultry/bird to get AI (Open-end)

Overall, most of AHW know all birds can get AI. Key reasons for poultry to get AIare related to “birds’ migration” and “transporting” poultry from place to place.

High fever

Mass death among poultry

Feces are white/green/light red/liquid

Feather is ruffled up/lost

Salivates at mouth/nose

Redden the skin areas without hair/at legs

Suffers from in appetence

Crest/skin/mouth/tongue becomes black andblue

Sluggish/sick chicken

What are the symptoms thatshow CHICKEN get AI?


15%

15%

20%

26%

28%

29%

30%

49%

59%

What are the symptoms thatshow DUCK get AI?


12%

14%

14%

14%

17%

18%

20%

21%

26%

51%

High fever

Feces are white/green/light red/liquid

Lose balance in movement

Salivates at mouth/nose

Convulsive/go around

Mass death among poultry

Redden the skin areas without hair/at legs

Feather is ruffled up/lost

Suffers from in appetence

Sluggish/sick chicken

Source: Q20/Q21 Sign/symptom on duck/chicken that have got AI (Open-end)

Symptoms recognized in Chicken and Ducks are similar. Very few AHWs mentioned“sudden massive death” as one of the common symptoms of AI.

20%

80%

Can ducks be infected with AI even withoutshowing any symptoms?


Source: Q22 Can ducks be infected with AI even without showing any symptoms (Close-end)

Yes No

80% of AHWs say ducks can be infected without showing any symptoms.

3. Prevention and Control ofAvian Influenzaamong Poultry

How serious the AI is?All Animal Health Workers (n=511)

Source: Q23 How serious is avian influenza (Close-end)

6%

93%

1%

Very serious (5.0) Serious (4.0)

Neutral (3.0) Not serious (2.0)

Not very serious (1.0)

25%

20%

6%

5%

5%

4%

3%

3%

2%

44%

52%

70%Fatal disease to humans/Quick death amonghumans if do not have timely cure

Is transmissible to humans

Heavy damages to the economy

Cause massive death among poultry

Speedy transmission

Affect the public health

Not cure for humans yet

It is an infectious virus

Cause death among poultry

Wide spread

Cause disease among poultry

Transmit to other animals

Source: Q24 Why do you think AI is serious (Open-end)

Why do you think AI is serious?All Animal Health Workers (n=507)

Majority AHWs consider AI is very serious. Key reasons for considering AI veryserious/serious is related to “fatality and incurability of H5N1”.

What can be done by farmers to prevent AI from occurring in poultry?All Animal Health Workers (n=511)

Source: Q25 What can be done by farmers to prevent AIfrom occurring in poultry (Open-end)

2%

2%

3%

4%

5%

6%

6%

9%

9%

34%

59%

67%

Report to animal health centre

Do not prepare/eat sick/dead poultry

Do not allow people to contact dead/sick poultry

Protect the cage carefully/closed cage/open cage with fence

Wear glove, mask, protection clothes when contactingpoultry

Raise certified and known poultry/assured breed

Keep flocks separately/separate sick poultry from the flock

Do not allow poultry run freely

Spray lime around the breeding cage/holes for burying deadpoultry

Disinfect the breeding facilities

Clean the breeding facilities regularly

Timely/periodic vaccination

According to AHW, actions which are farmers can take to prevent AI in poultryare Vaccination, Regular Cleaning and Disinfection.

2%

2%

3%

3%

4%

4%

5%

5%

7%

24%

51%

74%Report to the nearest vet


Report to a local authority



Timely/periodic vaccination

Do not transport, sell, buy sick poultry

Strictly monitor flocks of poultry to preventdisease in time



Spray lime around the breeding cage/holes for buryingdead poultry

Destroy immediately after the poultry is dead

What should be done by farmers if they find sick poultry in their farm?All Animal Health Workers (n=511)

Source: Q26. What should be done by farmers if they find sick poultry in their farms(Open-end)

According to AHWs, if farmers find sick poultry in their farm, the first thing farmersshould do is “report to the nearest vet” (74%) then “keep flock separately from the sickpoultry (51%).

4%

5%

6%

7%

7%

11%

14%

19%

23%

26%

37%

69%

What should be done by farmers if they find dead poultry intheir farm?


Source: Q27. What should be done by farmers if they find dead poultry in their farms (Open-end)

Do not throw the dead poultry negligently



Do not transport, sell, buy sick poultry



Spray lime around the breeding cage/holes for burying dead poultry


Report to a local authority

Destroy immediately after the poultry is dead

Bury dead poultry/put the dead poultry into a nylon pack and bury it deeply

Report to the nearest vet

AHWs say that farmers should “Report to the nearest vet” (69%) if they find deadpoultry in their farm followed by “Bury dead poultry…” (37%).

5%

5%

7%

8%

9%

10%

12%

15%

18%

18%

28%

63%

Source: Q28. What should you, as an animal health worker, do if you receivea report of sick birds from a farmer (Open-end)

Report to superior/specialized organizations

Burn the dead poultry (put into the nylon pack)

Report to local government

Follow guideline

Directly spray chemicals to disinfect the farm with other people

Keep track of each poultry to give medicine

Test the sample to check if there is H5N1 or not

Report to everyone about the place with the outbreak and localize that place

Quickly come to the place reported with the H5N1 outbreak


Separate the sick poultry from the flock/Communicate people not to let their poultry tocontact with the infected poultry

Come to identify the reason causing the sick of the poultry and if it is caused by H5N1

What should AHW do if they receive a report of sick poultry from farmer?All Animal Health Workers (n=511)

When receiving a report of sick poultry from a farmer, the first action AHWs will do is“Come to identify the reason causing the death of the poultry” (63%).

What should AHW do if they receive a report of dead poultryfrom farmer?


9%

10%

13%

13%

14%

15%

17%

19%

20%

25%

37%

39%

Separate the sick poultry from the flock/Communicate people not to let their poultry tocontact with the infected poultry

Report to local government

Follow guideline

Distribute the lime around the cage/ buried hole

Directly spray chemicals to disinfect the farm with other people

Report to everyone about the place with the outbreak and localize that place

Quickly come to the place reported with the H5N1 outbreak

Test the sample to check if there is H5N1 or not


Dig holes to bury poultry/ dig hole to bury poultry placed in a nylon pack

Come to identify the reason causing the death of the poultry and if it is caused by H5N1

Burn the dead poultry (put into the nylon pack)

Source Q29. What should you, as an animal health worker do if youreceive a report of dead birds from a farmer (Open-end)

If AHW receives a report of dead poultry from a farmer, AHWs will “Burn the dead poultry”(39%) and/or “Come to identify the reason causing death of poultry” (37%).

4%

25%

2%6%

35%

11%

17%

Total (n=511)

Very likely not happen (1.0)

Likely not happen (2.0)

Slightly not happen (3.0)

Neutral (4.0)

Slightly happen (5.0)

Likely happen (6.0)

Very likely happen (7.0)

How likely do you think that there will bean AI outbreak in your commune?


Q31 (Close-end)

Reasons AIUnlikely to

happen(n=481)

Reasons AIlikely tohappen(n=158)

•Raising habit to let poultry run freely: 6%•Can not control the number of birds migratedfrom other places: 5%•Poultry does not have proper vaccination: 5%

•Follow full vaccination: 50%•Always prevent strictly: 14%•Local people here have a good awareness ofAvian Flu: 9%•People keep their breeding facilities cleaned:9%•People carry out properly the communicationactivities: 6%

Q32: Open-ended

Majority of AHWs think an AI outbreak will not likely happen in their commune becausepoultry are vaccinated. The minority who say AI will likely happen cite the habit ofletting poultry run freely, migration and not having proper vaccination as reasons.

As an AHW, are you doing anything toprevent poultry not getting H5N1 in

your areas?All Animal Health Workers (n=511)

0%

100%

Yes No

3%

3%

4%

4%

4%

5%

11%

13%

13%

15%

34%

72%

What are you doing?All Animal Health Workers (n=511)

Q33

Distribute the lime around the cage/ buried hole

Communicate people to wash their hands with clean waterand soap before and after contacting poultry

Do not slaughter/eat sick/dead poultry

Communicate people to be aware of the danger of theepidemic disease

Request people to wear glove, mask, protection clotheswhen contacting poultry

Communicate people to not transport, sell sick poultry

Instruct people about the methods to prevent H5N1

Directly spray chemicals to disinfect the farm with otherpeople

Communicate people to buy breeding animal with theclear origin and quarantined

Follow guideline

Do not neglect with the cleaning of breeding facilities

Communicate people to continue vaccinations 100%

Source: Q34. What are you doing to prevent poultry in your areas fromgetting avian influenza even if there is no outbreak (Open-end)

All AHWs say they are doing something to prevent poultry in their area from gettingAI. Communicating to people to continue full vaccination is the main action (72%)followed by telling people not to neglect cleaning of breeding facilities (34%).

40%

54%

54%

58%

59%

61%

63%

66%

67%

70%

71%

Apart from that, what else are you doing?All Animal Health Workers (n=511)

Source: Q35. Apart from that, what else are you doing to prevent poultry in youcommune from getting AI H5N1 even if there is no outbreak (Close-end)

Communicate farmers/others to vaccinate poultry against AI

Communicate farmers/others to control entries into the farm (do not let middleman enterthe farmyard, keep visitors away from poultry etc

Communicate to farmers to clean and disinfect their farm regularly

Communicate farmers/others to keep all poultry brought to the farm separate from otherpoultry for at least 2 weeks

Communicate to farmers to wear mask and gloves when handling poultry

Communicate farmers/others avoid contacting with sick and dead poultry

Immediately report of sick or dead poultry to veterinary officials and local authorities

Communicate farmers/others to keep poultry in a protected environment (enclosedbuilding/ fenced area)

Communicate to farmers to only buy breeders from certified or known sources

Communicate farmers/others not buy or sell poultry that has been sick or dead

Wash hand with clean water and soap BEFORE AND AFTER contacting with poultry

Other actions by AHWs to prevent poultry in their area are related to hygiene andcommunication like washing hands with soap and water.

100%

Yes

6%

6%

7%

8%

9%

9%

11%

12%

14%

18%

22%

25%

Are you doing anything toinform farmers on what to do if

there is AI outbreak?All Animal Health Workers (n=511)

What are you doing?All Animal Health Worker (n=511)

Source: Q36. Are you doing anything to inform farmers in yourarea on what to do if there is an AI outbreak (Close-end)

Temporarily keep the poultry separately during the outbreak

Through a loud speaker of the commune

Communicate farmer to disinfect their farm

Guide/directly meet people to guide people about H5N1prevention

Before and after contacting poultry, wash hands with cleanwater/soap

Regularly spray disinfections chemicals

Limit contacting sick/dead poultry (including children)

Communicate people not to transport chicken/ducks to thearea with the H5N1 outbreak

Advise them not to eat/slaughter sick/dead poultry

Communicate people to keep their breeding facilities clean

Request farmer use PPE when contacting poultry

Request farmer to report veterinary centers immediatelywhen finding out H5N1 among their poultry

Source: Q37. As an animal health worker, what are you doing to informfarmers on what to do if there is an AI H5N1 outbreak (Open-end)

All AHWS report they are doing something to inform farmers in their area on whatto do if there is an AI outbreak. 25% of AHWs say that they request farmers toreport immediately to vet centre when they have an AI outbreak in poultry.

50%

57%

57%

57%

59%

60%

62%

66%

70%

72%

75%Communicate to farmers to wash hands with clean water and soapbefore and after contacting with poultry

Communicate with farmers to immediately report sick or dead poultryto vet or village head

Communicate with farmers not to transport any poultry from outbreakarea

Communicate with farmers to use mask and gloves when handling anypoultry

Communicate farmers/others avoid contacting with sick and deadpoultry

Communicate with farmers not to eat sick or dead poultryCommunicate farmers/others that if people had contact with poultry

and have fever to immediately go to their local health center or hospitalCommunicate farmers/others not buy or sell poultry that has been sick

or dead

Communicate with farmers to clean and disinfecttheir farm

Communicate farmers/others eat only thoroughlycooked poultry and poultry products (no pink meat

or runny eggs)Communicate farmers/others to control entries into the farm (do not let

middleman enter the farmyard, keep visitors away from poultry etc

Source: Q38. Apart from that, what else are you doing to inform farmers onwhat to do if there is an AI outbreak (Close-end)

Apart from that, what else are you doing if there is an outbreak?All Animal Health Workers (n=511)

Other actions by AHWs are mostly communication activities as described as below.

1%

99%

Yes No

27%

15%

16%

23%

14%Last week

Last twoweek

Last threeweek

Last month

Before lastmonth

Have you given vaccination topoultry in your area? All Animal Health Workers (n=511)

When was the last time you gavevaccinations?

Those who gave vaccinations (n=506)

Almost all AHWs claim to give vaccination to poultry in their area. Most AHW gavevaccination within last month.

Source: Q40. Have you given vaccinations topoultry in your area (Close-end) Source: Q41. When was the last time you gave vaccinations (Close-end)

How many vaccinations do DUCKrequire?


How many days apart should the firstand second vaccination be given?

Those who ans Code 2 to 3 in Q43 (n=502)

2%5%

93%

Q43. How many vaccinations do ducksrequire (Close-end)

93% AHW say ducks require 2 vaccinations. 77% AHW say 28-30 days is the days apartthe first and second vaccination. Most of AHW claim giving vaccination to ducks from15 days or older.

5%

77%

15%

4%1-14days

15-27days

28-30days

Over 30days

Source: Q44. How many days apart should the first and second vaccinations begiven (Close-end)Source: Q45. When should the first vaccination for ducks be given (Close-end)

First Vaccination To Ducks All Animal Health Workers (n=511)

•1-14 days: 4%•15-27: 15%•28-30 days: 77%•Over 30 days: 5%

One Two More than two

Is vaccination harmful toyoung duck?


Why do you think vaccination harmfulto your duck?

Those who ans Code 2 to 3 in Q43 (n=83)

Affect the wings of the ducks

Some young ducks can not stand the chemicals in the vaccination

Cause slow growth in the young ducks' feather

Cause the duck grow slowly

Vaccination for weak young duck will only weaken them

Immune system of young ducks is weak and vaccination is stronghence this can cause fatal harm to young duck

Young duck can get side effect from vaccination such as light fever,quit eating

1%

8%

11%

12%

13%

20%

53%

16%84%

Q46. Is vaccination harmful to young ducks (Close-end) Source: Q47. Why do you think that vaccination harmful to young ducks (Open-end)

Yes No

84% of AHWS say that vaccination is not harmful to young ducks. Of the 16%AHWS who say that vaccination is harmful to young ducks, 53% claim that youngducks can get side effects from vaccinations.

Do you wear anything to protect yourselfwhen handling with poultry?


What do you wear?Those who claimed to wear (n=507)

99%

1%

Yes No

Q48. do you wear anything to protect yourself whenhandling poultry (Close-end)

3%

97%

Mask

Glove andMask

Q49. What do you wear (Close-end)

How frequently do you wear Glove &Mask?

Those who claimed to wear Glove & Mask (n=493)

Q50R3. How often do you wear-Mask and gloves (Close-end)

1%

34%

65%Always

Often

Sometimes

Nearly all AHWs say they wear something when handling poultry. 97% say theywear mask and gloves when handling poultry. Of those who wear mask and gloves,65% say they wear them always.

Do you wash your hands with soap andwater when handling poultry?


100%

Yes No

How often do you wash your hands?All Animal Health Workers (n=511)

Q51. As an animal health worker, do you wash your handswith soap and water when handling poultry (Close-end)

Source Q52. How often do you wash your hands with soapand water when handling poultry (Close-end)

1%

1%

1%

6%

8%

21%

61%

Sometimes after handling poultry

Always before handling poultry

Sometimes before and after handling poultry

Often after handling poultry

Often before and after handling poultry

Always after handling poultry

Always before and after handling poultry

All AHWs say they wash hands with soap and clean water when handling poultry. 61%of AHWS report that they always wash before and after handling poultry while 21% saythey always wash after handling poultry.

Why do you wash your hands?Those who claimed always wash hands (n=312)

1%

2%

12%

30%

87%

Avoid feeling of dirt

I also have germs on my hands beforecontacting poultry

Kill germs

Protect myself

Prevent transmitting germs topoultry/Prevent transmitting the disease

from poultry

Source: Q53R1. Why do you wash your hands with soapand water when handling poultry (Open-end)

1%

9%

13%

63%

14%Every time

Frequently

Sometimes

Rarely

Never

How Often Do You Change YourClothes After Handling Poultry?


Source Q54. How often do you change your clothes afterhandling poultry (Close-end)

87% of AHWs who always wash hands before and after handling poultry say thereason is to prevent transmitting disease to poultry. 63% AHWs report changingclothes frequently after handling poultry.

82%

18%

Yes No

Did you do anything before enteringfarmer’s poultry?


Source: Q55. Before entering someone's poultry farmer, doyou do anything to ensure that the poultry in the farm areprotected from AI virus from outside (Close-end)

17%

52%

80%Wash hands with soap and water before

entering farm

Wash shoes or slippers with soap and

water before entering farm

Wash bicycle or motorbike tires before

entering farm

What did you do before entering apoultry farm?

Those Who Did Some AI Preventions (Code 1 In Q55)

Source Q56. What do you do before you enter apoultry farm (Close-end)

82% of AHWs say they do something before entering a farm. Of these, 80% reportwashing hands with soap and water, 52% report washing shoes or slippers with soapand water.

34%66%

Yes No

Do you know what a “PPE” is?All Animal Health Workers (n=511)

Source: Q57. Do you know what a “PersonalProtective Equipment” (PPE) is (Close-end)

8%

8%

12%

18%

19%

34%

48%

75%

75%Mask

Glove

Boot/shoe

Protective clothes

Hat

Glass

Is a tool to protecthumans infected

Raincoat

Blue Shirt

What is PPE?Those Who Were Aware Of PPE (n=173)

Source: Q58. What is PPE (Open-end)

34% claim to know what is a PPE (Thiết Bị Bảo Hộ Cá Nhân). Of these, 75% say that PPEis mask and/or gloves.

85%

15%

Yes No

8%

9%

10%

17%

20%

31%Do you access to a PPE easily?Those Who Were Aware Of PPE (n=173)

Source: Q59. Do you have easy access to a PPE? (Close-end)Source: Q60. Where can you easily get one? (Open-end) Source: Q61. Have you been trained on how to put it on and use a PPE? (Close-end)

Local medical centre

Buy from the local market

District/commune people committee

Animal health worker comes to distribute

Sub veterinary department

Dong Ha veterinary center

Where To Easily Access PPEThose Who Ans Easily Access PPE (n=147)

85%

15%

Yes No

Have you been trained on how to usePPE?

Those Who Ans Easily Access PPE (n=147)

85% of those who know PPEs say it is easy to access. Dong Ha vet centre and subvet department are two key places to access PPE. 85% of those received trainingon PPE.

4. Avian Influenza Prevention and ControlAmong Humans

85%

1%14%

Yes No DK

6%

15%

35%

38%

52%

Through respiration when contacting sick poultry

Eat unwell-cooked poultry

Do not wear PPE when contacting poultry

Transmits H5N1 to humans when contacting poultry

Eat sick poultry

Can you always realize whenhuman get AI?


What cause human to get AI?Those Who Were Aware Of AI (n=433)

Source: Q62. Can you always realize when humans get AI (Close-end)

Q63. Open-ended

21%

25%

27%

36%

55%

92%

Q64. Open-ended

What are sign and symptom of AIamong human?

Those Who Were Aware Of AI (n=433)

Headache/lose balance

Tired

Stiff breast

Cough

Difficult breathing

High fever

85% of AHWs say they can recognize signs of AI in humans. Causes for humans to getAI are eating sick poultry and contact with infected poultry. 92% of AHWs say high feveris the key symptom of a human with AI.

What should you do if you think someone get AI?All Animal Health Workers (n=511)

3%

3%

53%

58%

91%

Source: Q65a,b. If you think someone has AI, whatshould you do ? (Close-end)

Get medicine from pharmacy/medicine shop

Keep patients separated

Bring immediately to doctor/Hospital

Inform community health worker

Bring immediately to health center

91% of AHWS say that if they think someone has AI, the person should be broughtimmediately to health center.

Have there been any outbreak of AIin this commune?

All Animal Health Workers (n=511) How long did it happen?Those who said yes (n=120)

Source: Q66a,b. Have there been any outbreak of AI inthis commune? (Close-end)

24%

1%

75%

Yes No DK

Source: Q67b. How long did that happen in your commune(Close-end)

86%

6%

8%2-6 months ago

6 months to 1 year

More than one year ago

24% of AHWS report having had an AI outbreak in their commune; of these, 86% saythat the outbreak happened in the commune more than a year ago.

Have there been any outbreak of AIin this village?


How long did it happen?Those who said yes (n=60)

Source: Q66a,b. Have there been any outbreak of AI inthis village? (Close-end)

12%

88%

Yes No

Source: Q67a. How long did that happen in your village(Close-end)

95%

3%

2%2-6 months ago

6 months to 1 year

More than one year ago

12% of AHWs report having had an AI outbreak in their village; of these, 95% say theoutbreak happened in the village more than a year ago.

16%84%

Yes No

7%

8%

10%

12%

21%

52%

Do you confront any problem that preventyou from doing your work effectively?


What are the problems?Those Who Said Yes (n=84)

Source: Q68. As AHW, do you confront any problems thatprevent you from doing your work effectively? (Close-end) Source: Q69. what are these problems? (Open-end)

People do not report sick flock of poultry because they are afraidthat their poultry will be culled

Vaccination to wild ducks is very hard

They are not aware of the consequence of the epidemic disease

Roads to farms are quite far and not good conditions

Little allowance

Low awareness from the local people hence they do not cooperatein vaccination as they are afraid that vaccination has

negative impact on their poultry

16% of AHWs say they face some difficulties which prevent them from doing theirwork effectively. Of these, 52% say the difficulty is low awareness of local peopleresulting in non-cooperation in vaccination while 21% say “little allowance”.

2%

2%

5%

5%

6%

6%

6%

6%

7%

11%

23%

39%Explain and communicate with the farmers about the danger of the epidemic disease for the community

Request for more allowance to assist communication

Communicate people that vaccination is not harmful to poultry

Provide the transport (e.g. boats, etc)

Communicate people through training

Try to persuade by my words

Request superior to handle cases

Need the support from local government

Persuade people about the importance of vaccination in prevention of the epidemic disease

Improve the road conditions for easier commuting

Training on epidemiology

Training on how to handle when there is AI outbreak

Source: Q70. What do you think can be done to help in solvingthese problems? (Open-end)

What should be done?Those Who Said Yes (n=84)

AHWS recommend actions to solve these problems as below :

What should be done to help you improving your work onAI prevention?


21%

25%

32%

39%

42%

43%

45%

50%

50%

55%Training on epidemiology

Regular meetings with vet

Training on culling and outbreak response

Study visits

Training on communication

Training on surveillance

Communication materials like poster/leaflet

Regular meetings with other animal healthworkers

Supervision from vet

Uniform/badge/ID

Source: Q71. As AHW, what will help you in improving yourwork on ai prevention and control? (Close-end)

Of things which will help them in improving their work, AHWs cite training onepidemiology (55%), regular meetings with vet (50%), training on culling andoutbreak response (50%), among others.

76%

24%

Yes No5%

27%

34%

41%

69%

70%

74%

What are the materials?Those Who Said Yes (n=387)

4%

11%

24%

27%

39%

43%

51%

Can I see these materials?Those Who Said Yes (n=387)

Boots

Duck vaccination poster

Bag

Hat

Duck leaflet

AI prevention leaflet

Vaccination flyer

Are you using visual aids for AIcommunicating?


Q72. (Close-end)

Raincoat

Duck vaccination poster

Bag

Hat

AI prevention leaflet

Vaccination flyer

Duck leaflet

Q73a (Close-end)

Do you find these materials useful?Those Who Said Yes (n=387)

100%

Yes

Q73b (Close-end)Q74. (Close-end)

76% of AHWs report using visual aids in their work. Aids include vaccination flyers(74%), leaflets (70%) and duck leaflets (69%). All AHWS find them useful in their AIcommunication. Many AHWs were able to show these materials.

Where did you get AI information?All Animal Health Workers (n=511)

24%

27%

41%

45%

46%

48%

50%

53%

61%

67%

73%

73%

99%Television

Vet

AI training that I attended

Loudspeaker

Radio

Newspaper/magazine

Neighbor

People Committee

Leaflets

Friends/relatives

Dept of Animal Health (DAH) or Ministry ofAgriculture and Rural Development (MARD)

Billboards/posters

Agricultural extension worker

Q76a. Open-endedSource: Q76B. Which one do you consider your single mostreliable source of information on AI? (Close-end)

Which source do you consider your mostreliable source?


1%

1%

1%

2%

8%

11%

27%

49%

Loudspeaker

Leaflets

Radio

People Committee

Vet

Dept of Animal Health (DAH) or Ministry ofAgriculture and Rural Development (MARD)

AI training that I attended

Television

Key sources of AI information for AHWs are television (99%), followed by vet and AItraining (73%), loudspeaker (67%), radio (61%). AHWS think television is the mostreliable source of AI information followed by AI training.

5. Media Habits

60

12

20

5

2Everyday

One or two times/week

One to two times/month

Rarely

Never

30

1

32

23

14More than 4 hours/day

3 - 4 hours/day

2 - 3 hours/day

1 -2 hours/day

Less than 1 hour/day

2

37

45

17More than 3 times/day


Rarely

Never17

41

26

16Everyday


Rarely

Never

How frequently do you read Magazine?All Animal Health Workers (n=511)

Source: Q77/Q78/Q79/Q81.

How frequently do you watch TV?All Animal Health Workers (n=511)

How frequently do you read Newspaper?All Animal Health Workers (n=511)

How frequently do you listen to Radio?All Animal Health Workers (n=511)

AHW watched TV 1-3 hours a day, whilst they listened to the radio rarely, readnewspaper one or two times a week and rarely read magazine.

5

3

3

5

22

61Radio station of VN FM

Radio station of VN AM

Radio station of HCM people

Kien Giang radio station

Ha Nam radio station

Can Tho radio station

4

3

2

18

26

45VTV 3

VTV 1

Kien Giang TV

Quang Tri TV

VTV 2

Can Tho TV (HCMC/CT)

16

14

10

19

30

53

28

27

24

51

54

60

Most Often Radio ChannelThose who listen to radio (n=422)

Most Often Tivi ChannelAll Animal Health Worker (n=511)

Occasional Radio ChannelThose who listen to radio (n=422)

Occasional Tivi ChannelAll Animal Health Worker (n=511)

Radio station of VN FM

Radio station of VN AM

Ha Noi radio station

Can Tho radio station

Ha Nam radio station

Radio station of HCM people

VTV 3

VTV 1

Kien Giang TV

Quang Tri TV

VTV 2

Can Tho TV (HCMC/CT)

Source: Q80/Q82.

VTV3 and VTV1 are the most often TV channels whilst FM is the most often radiochannel.

Thank You

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