base catalyst biodiesel production from waste vegetable oil
TRANSCRIPT
8/12/2019 Base Catalyst Biodiesel Production from Waste Vegetable Oil
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/base-catalyst-biodiesel-production-from-waste-vegetable-oil 1/36
@lsj Eltlfyst @cadcjsjf ^raduetcah
grai ]lstj Wjmjtl`fj Acf
Baw jggjetcvj cs lfolfchj eltlfyst, patlsscui
bydraxcdj, gar `cadcjsjf praduetcah grai wlstj
vjmjtl`fj acf ch Bahm Oahm1
L`strlet ]ard Eauht; 02=
Jxtjhdjd Jssly ]ard Eauht; 535=
8/12/2019 Base Catalyst Biodiesel Production from Waste Vegetable Oil
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/base-catalyst-biodiesel-production-from-waste-vegetable-oil 2/36
L`strlet
"#$% &#'#()$'$ #*% &+,$-.%*%. #$ '/% >+$' <*%0%*#5(% &#'#()$' 0+* 5-+.-%$%(
<*+.4&'-+, 5) '/% -,.4$'*) .4% '+ -'$ #5-(-') '+ #((+: 0#$' *%#&'-+, *#'% 5%':%%,
'*-7()&%*-.% #,. >%'/#,+(= 2/-$ *%#&'-+, -$ &#((%. '*#,$%$'%*-0-&#'-+,= "#$%
&#'#()$' 4$4#(() *%34-*%$ /-7/ 34#(-') 0%%.$'+&; '+ #?+-. 4,.%$-*%. $+#<
0+*>#'-+,6 54' .4% '+ '/% %9<%,$-?% <*-&%$ +0 ?-*7-, ?%7%'#5(% +-( #,. '/%
#54,.#,&% +0 :#$'% ?%7%'#5(% +-( -, 8+,7 1+,76 5-+.-%$%( <*+.4&'-+, 0*+> (+:%*
34#(-') 0%%.$'+&; 5%&+>%$ ,%&%$$#*)= 8+: %00%&'-?% -$ #(;#(-,% &#'#()$'6
<+'#$$-4> /).*+9-.%6 0+* 5-+.-%$%( <*+.4&'-+, 0*+> :#$'% ?%7%'#5(% +-( -, 8+,7
1+,7N
L, '/-$ -,?%$'-7#'-+,6 ':+ .-00%*%,' +-( $#><(%$ #*% 4$%.= 2/% $#><(%$ 0-*$' 7+
'/*+47/ '-'*#'-+, '+ .%'%*>-,% '/%-* 0*%% 0#'') #&-. &+,'%,'= 2/%, @EE>D +0 '/%
$#><(%6 JE>D +0 >%'/#,+( #,. 5#$% &#'#()$' +0 @G >#$$ +0 '/% :%-7/' +0 @EE>D
+0 '/% $#><(% >-9%. 0+* '/% '*#,$%$'%*-0-&#'-+, *%#&'-+, '+ <*+.4&% 0#'') #&-.
>%'/)(M%$'%*$= 2/%, '/% $+(4'-+, -$ (%0' '+ *%#&' 0+* #*+4,. JB /+4*$ '+ %,$4*% '/%
*%#&'-+, -$ &+><(%'% 5%0+*% 5%-,7 &(%#,%. #,. <*+&%$$%.= 2/% >#$$ +0 5-+.-%$%(
)-%(.%. $/+4(. 5% *%(#'-?% '+ '/% >#$$ +0 '/% :#$'% ?%7%'#5(% +-( 0*+> '/%
5%7-,,-,7= 2/-$ >%'/+. -$ 4$%. '+ .%'%*>-,% '/% %00%&'-?%,%$$ +0 5#$% &#'#()$' 0+*
5-+.-%$%( <*+.4&'-+, 0*+> :#$'% ?%7%'#5(% +-(=
2/% <%*&%,'#7% +0 5-+.-%$%( )-%(.%. 0+* '/% 0-*$' +-( $#><(% #?%*#7%. #' CC=EJG
#,. CE=KJG 0+* '/% $%&+,.= 2/% /-7/ )-%(. $477%$'$ '/#' 5#$% &#'#()$' -$ %00%&'-?%
:/%, 4$-,7 :#$'% ?%7%'#5(% +-( &+((%&' 0*+> *%$'#4*#,'$ -, 8+,7 1+,7 #$
5-+.-%$%( <*+.4&'-+, 0%%.$'+&;= 8+:%?%*6 .4% '+ '/% 0#&' '/#' +,() ':+ $#><(%$
+0 +-( :%*% #?#-(#5(%6 '/% *%(-#5-(-') +0 '/% *%$4('$ 0*+> '/-$ *%$%#*&/ -$
34%$'-+,#5(% $-,&% ':+ $#><(%$ #*% '++ -,$-7,-0-&#,' &+><#*%. '+ '/% '+'#(
34#,'-') +0 :#$'% ?%7%'#5(% +-( <*+.4&%. %?%*).#) -, 8+,7 1+,7=
L`strlet ward eauht; 02=
8/12/2019 Base Catalyst Biodiesel Production from Waste Vegetable Oil
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/base-catalyst-biodiesel-production-from-waste-vegetable-oil 3/36
-
Tl`fj ag Eahtjhts
!"#$ &' ())*+,"($"&-# ......................................................................................................... /
/. >-$*&<05$"&- .................................................................................................................... 4
4. :(57=*&0-< >-'&*2($"&- ............................................................................................ 3
!"#$%&'()*+&, ./>>' <(054 /:5 7*0=&'()*05)4 """"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" 2
!"!$7*/:4)4>)*030(/>0+: /:5 ;/?+:030(/>0+: """"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" 6
;. ?66*&(59 ....................................................................................................................... /4
3. ?-(81$"5(8 2+$9&< ...................................................................................................... /;
N. L*&5+<0*+ ..................................................................................................................... /;
9"#$<??/*/>84 """"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" #1
9"!$;)?/*/>) N/>)* /:5 +0&"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" #2
9"1$70>*/>0+: 3+* ..< (+:>):> L@E """""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" #2
9"2$D)>J+G05) ?*+58(>0+: """""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" #2
9"9$M0+50)4)& ?*+58(>0+: ?*+()44 """"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" #9
9"6$;)?/*/>0+: +3 =&'()*+& """"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" #9
9"B$C/>)* N/4J0:= >J) K0+50)4)& """""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" #9
9"O$F*'0:= N/4J)5 K0+50)4)& """"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" #6
8/12/2019 Base Catalyst Biodiesel Production from Waste Vegetable Oil
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/base-catalyst-biodiesel-production-from-waste-vegetable-oil 4/36
--
@. E($( D&88+5$"&- ............................................................................................................ /J
6"#$I/N F/>/ """"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" #B
!"#"#$%&'()* ,-) #. """"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" #/
!"#">$%&'()* ,-) >. """"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" #<
6"!$H*+()44)5 F/>/ """"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" !A
!">"#$%&'()* ,-) #. """"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" >0
!">">$%&'()* ,-) >. """"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" >#
J. G(268+ D(8508($"&-#M ................................................................................................. 44
B. C+#08$# ........................................................................................................................... 4;
K. O,(80($"&- ..................................................................................................................... 43
/F. E"#50##"&- .................................................................................................................. 4@
//. D&-580#"&- .................................................................................................................. 4@
:")8"&=*(691 ..................................................................................................................... 4B
8/12/2019 Base Catalyst Biodiesel Production from Waste Vegetable Oil
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/base-catalyst-biodiesel-production-from-waste-vegetable-oil 5/36
@
Fcst ag l``rjvcltcahs
IIH A O-*7-, O%7%'#5(% F-(
^IH I H#$'% O%7%'#5(% F-(
\\? I A*%% A#'') ^&-.
8/12/2019 Base Catalyst Biodiesel Production from Waste Vegetable Oil
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/base-catalyst-biodiesel-production-from-waste-vegetable-oil 6/36
J
<. Chtraduetcah
\%'*+(%4> /#$ 5%%, +4* >#-, $+4*&% +0 %,%*7) 0+* '*#,$<+*'#'-+,$= \%'*+(%4> -$
# 0+$$-( 04%( >#.% 0*+> '/% /).*+&#*5+, 0+*>%. :/%, /47% 34#,'-'-%$ +0 .%#.
+*7#,-$>$ :#$ 54*-%. 4,.%* '/-&; (#)%*$ +0 *+&;$ #,. $#,. #,. .%&+><+$%.
4,.%* /-7/ '%><%*#'4*% #,. <*%$$4*% 0+* >-((-+,$ +0 )%#*$= H/%, <%'*+(%4>
7+%$ '/*+47/ &+>54$'-+,6 &#*5+, .-+9-.% PUFJT #,. +'/%* :#$'% 7#$%$ #*%
%>-''%. -,'+ '/% #'>+$</%*%= U#*5+, .-+9-.% -$ # 7*%%,/+4$% 7#$6 :/-&/ #5$+*5$
-,0*#*%. *#.-#'-+, 0*+> '/% Z#*'/ #,. *%*#.-#'%$ <#*' +0 '/% %,%*7) 5#&; -,'+ '/%
Z#*'/W$ #'>+$</%*%6 '/-$ -$ ;,+:, #$ '/% 7*%%,/+4$% %00%&'= ^('/+47/ UFJ &#, 5%
,+*>#(() 0+4,. -, '/% #'>+$</%*%6 '/% &+,&%,'*#'-+, /#$ 5%%, *-$-,7 5) #5+4' @M
J <<> <%* )%#*@6 :/-&/ /#$ # .-*%&' &+**%(#'-+, '+ '/% -,&*%#$-,7 &+,$4><'-+, +0
+-(J (%#.-,7 '+ %9'*# UFJ *%(%#$%. -,'+ '/% &4**%,' #'>+$</%*%= ]#,) 5%(-%?%$
'/#' '/% #5,+*>#( -,&*%#$% +0 UFJ &+,&%,'*#'-+, -$ '/% *%#$+, 0+* '/% -,'%,$-0)-,7
'/% 7*%%,/+4$% %00%&' #,. $%$ '/% </%,+>%,+, ;,+:, #$ 7(+5#( :#*>-,7=
^$ 7(+5#( :#*>-,7 5%7-,$ '+ #00%&' +4* &(->#'%6 #,. /#5-'#'6 *%.4&-,7 '/% &#*5+,
.-+9-.% %>-$$-+, /#$ 5%&+>% '/% +,% +0 '/% 7+?%*,>%,'W$ <*->#*) +5R%&'-?%$=
"-+.-%$%( #,. <%'*+(%4>M5#$%. .-%$%( $/#*%$ >#,) $->-(#* <*+<%*'-%$6 $4&/ #$
'/% &+>54$'-+, <*+<%*'-%$= 2/-$ #((+:$ 5-+.-%$%( '+ 5% 4$%. #$ #, #('%*,#'%
&/+-&% +0 '/% .-%$%( %,7-,%$=S Z.7#* D+'%*+ %' #(=S #,. [+*# Z= D_<%V %' #(=B 5+'/
%9#>-,%. '/% %>-$$-+, <*+0-(% +0 5-+.-%$%( #,. 0+4,. '/#' 5-+.-%$%( /#$ # (+:%*
%>-$$-+, <*+0-(% #$ '/% 4$% +0 5-+.-%$%( *%&)&(%$ &#*5+, .-+9-.%6 #,. .+%$ ,+'
-,'*+.4&% #..-'-+,#( 7*%%,/+4$% 7#$ -,'+ '/% #'>+$</%*%= "-+.-%$%( #($+ *%.4&%
'/% %>-$$-+, +0 &#*5+, >+,+9-.%6 <#*'-&4(#'% >#''%* #,. $4(0#'%$S=
Y,(-;% <%'*+(%4>6 5-+.-%$%( -$ # *%,%:#5(% *%&+4*$% >#-,() <*+.4&%. 0*+>
?%7%'#5(% +-( +* +'/%* '*-7()&%*-.% #,. 0*%% 0#'') #&-. $+4*&%$= ^ <*+&%$$ &#((%.
8/12/2019 Base Catalyst Biodiesel Production from Waste Vegetable Oil
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/base-catalyst-biodiesel-production-from-waste-vegetable-oil 7/36
S
</+'+$),'/%$-$ #((+:$ <(#,'$ '+ &+,?%*' &#*5+, .-+9-.% -,'+ $47#* 0+* 7*+:'/
4$-,7 $4,(-7/' %,%*7) #,. -, '4*, <*+?-.%$ ?%7%'#5(% +-(= U+>>%*&-#(()6 5-+.-%$%(
-$ >#.% 4$-,7 #(;#(-,% &#'#()$'$ 5%$% '/%) #*% 0#$' #,. $/+:$ /-7/ &+,?%*$-+,
*#'%B= 8+:%?%* #(;#(-,% &#'#()$'$ *%34-*%$ /-7/ 34#(-') #,. %9<%,$-?% ?%7%'#5(%
+-(6 $4&/ #$ ?-*7-, ?%7%'#5(% +-( POOFT6 '/#' /#$ (+: :#'%* #,. 0*%% 0#'') #&-. PAA^T
&+,'%,'= 2/-$ -$ 5%$% AA^ :-(( *%#&' :-'/ #(;#(- &#'#()$' #,. /-,.%* '/%
<*+&%$$S=
847% 34#,'-'-%$ +0 :#$'% ?%7%'#5(% +-( PHOFT #*% <*+.4&%. %?%*).#) #,. '/%*%
/#?% 5%%, >#,) <*+5(%>$ :-'/ '/% .-$<+$#( +0 :#$'% ?%7%'#5(% +-(= A+* %9#><(%6
U/-,#W$ 74''%* +-(K #$ :%(( #$ /47% $+(-.-0-%. 7*%#$% .-$&+?%* -, # $%:%* -,
D+,.+,X= 2/-$ <*+5(%> %9-'$ -, %?%*) &-')6 -,&(4.-,7 8+,7 1+,7= Q-,&% :#$'%
?%7%'#5(% +-( -$ &/%#< #,. '/%*% #*% /47% 34#,'-'-%$ 7%,%*#'%. %#&/ .#)6 -' :+4(.
5% :-$% '+ 4$% '/%$% :#$'% ?%7%'#5(% +-( #$ 0%%.$'+&; 0+* 5-+.-%$%( <*+.4&'-+,6
:/-&/ &#, >#;% '/% :#$'% 5%&+>% $(-7/'() >+*% %,?-*+,>%,'#(() 0*-%,.()=
2/-$ (%#.$ >% '+ >) *%$%#*&/ 34%$'-+,n
l8+: %00%&'-?% -$ #(;#(-,% &#'#()$'6 <+'#$$-4> /).*+9-.%6 0+* 5-+.-%$%( <*+.4&'-+,
0*+> :#$'% ?%7%'#5(% +-( -, 8+,7 1+,7N`
8/12/2019 Base Catalyst Biodiesel Production from Waste Vegetable Oil
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/base-catalyst-biodiesel-production-from-waste-vegetable-oil 8/36
B
0. @leomrauhd Chgariltcah
>"#$5)4:*7=)2 3&;;4 ?:-69 &86 17-N)4:*7-6*9
2/% >#-, 0%%.$'+&; 0+* 5-+.-%$%( <*+.4&'-+,6 ?%7%'#5(% +-(6 -$ >#-,() >#.% +0
'*-7()&%*-.%$e= 2*-7()&%*-.% -$ #, %$'%* +0 +,% 7()&%*+( >+(%&4(% :-'/ '/*%% 0#'')
#&-. >+(%&4(%$C= Z$'%* -$ #, +*7#,-& &+><+4,. 0+*>%. :/%, #, #(&+/+( *%#&'$
:-'/ #, +9+#&-.dM@6 #&-. '/#' &+,'#-,$ +9)7%, >+(%&4(%P$T=
j()&%*+(6 #($+ ;,+:, #$ @6J6SM<*+<#,%'*-+(6 -$ '/% 04,.#>%,'#( <#*' +0'*-7()&%*-.% >+(%&4(%$6 :-'/ '/% &/%>-&#( $'*4&'4*% +0 U8JF8U8F8U8JF8@E= L' -$
#, #(&+/+(6 # <*+<#,% >+(%&4(% :-'/ '/*%% /).*+7%, #'+>$ *%<(#&%. 5) #
/).*+9)( 7*+4<6 :/-&/ -$ >#.% +0 +,% +9)7%, #,. /).*+7%, 5+,. dMJ= 2/-$ IF8
#''#&/>%,' #((+:$ 7()&%*+( '+ 5%/#?% (-;% #, #(&+/+( 5%$% '/% IF8
#''#&/>%,' -$ &+,$-.%* '+ 5% '/% 04,&'-+,#( 7*+4< +0 #(&+/+( #,. 04,&'-+,#( 7*+4<
#*% >+(%&4(%$ '/#' $/+:$ $->-(#* <*+<%*'-%$ -, .-00%*%,' &+><+4,.dMS=
2/%*% #*% $%?%*#( >%'/+.$ '+ <*+.4&% 7()&%*+(6 /+:%?%*6 $-,&% '/% &+,$4><'-+,
+0 5-+.-%$%( -$ -,&*%#$-,76 '/% $4<<() +0 7()&%*+( /#$ -,&*%#$%. $-7,-0-&#,'()
5%$% 7()&%*+( -$ '/% >#-, 5)M<*+.4&' 0*+> '*#,$%$'%*-0-&#'-+, +0 ?%7%'#5(%
+-(@@=
Dclmrli < ― Mfyejraf lhd ^raplhj
8/12/2019 Base Catalyst Biodiesel Production from Waste Vegetable Oil
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/base-catalyst-biodiesel-production-from-waste-vegetable-oil 9/36
K
2/% $%&+,. >+$' -><+*'#,' <#*' +0 # '*-7()&%*-.% >+(%&4(% -$ '/% 0#'') #&-.$= A#'')
#&-. -$ # >+,+&#*5+9)(-& #&-. :-'/ #, #&)&(-& #(-</#'-& &/#-, '/#' >#) &+,'#-,
5+'/ $#'4*#'%. +* 4,$#'4*#'%. 5+,.$dMB= ]+,+&#*5+9)(-& #&-. -$ #, +9+#&-. '/#'
/#$ +,% &#*5+9)( 7*+4< #''#&/%.g '/% &#*5+9)( 7*+4< /#$ '/% $'*4&'4*% +0 I
UPmFTF8dMK= ^&)&(-& #(-</#'-& &/#-, -$ # ,+,M&-*&(% 0+*>-,7 &/#-, +0 &#*5+, #,.
/).*+7%, &+><+4,.dMX=
Q#'4*#'%. 0#'') #&-. &+,'#-,$ &#*5+, &/#-, :-'/ +,() $-,7(% 5+,. #,. 0-((%. :-'/
>#9->4> ,4>5%* +0 /).*+7%, #'+>$@J= \#(>-'-& #&-. P@XnET -$ '/% >+$' &+>>+,
$#'4*#'%. 0#'') #&-. 0+4,. -, #,->#($ #,. <(#,'$@Jg '/% P@XnET *%<*%$%,' '/#' '/%
0#'') #&-. &/#-, &+,'#-,$ @X &#*5+, #'+>$ #,. V%*+ .+45(% &#*5+,M&#*5+, 5+,.$=
Y,$#'4*#'%. 0#'') #&-. +, '/% +'/%* /#,. &+,'#-,$ &#*5+, &/#-,$ '/#' >#) /#?%
>4('-<(% &#*5+, .+45(% 5+,.$@J= b4$'#, %' #(= :*+'% '/#' '/% >+$' &+>>+,
>+,+4,$#'4*#'%. 0#'') #&-. -, <(#,'$ #,. #,->#( -$ +(%-& #&-. #,. '/% (-,+(%-& #&-.
#,. cM(-,+(%-& #&-.=
A*%% 0#'') #&-. -, :#$'% ?%7%'#5(% +-( &#, 5% <*+.4&%. .4*-,7 # /-7/ '%><%*#'4*%
&++;-,7 <*+&%$$6 :/%*% '*-7()&%*-.%$ '+ 7+ '/*+47/ # &/%>-&#( &/#,7% +0
/).*+()$-$6 +9-.#'-+, +* '/%*>#( #('%*#'-+,= 8).*+()$-$ -$ '/% +,() *%#&'-+, '/#'
5*%#;$ .+:, # '*-7()&%*-.% >+(%&4(% -,'+ 7()&%*+( #,. 0*%% 0#'') #&-.$ @S= 2/%
*%#&'-+, :/-&/ 0#'') #&-. #00%&'$ '/% '*#,$%$'%*-0-&#'-+, <*+&%$$ #,. )-%(. :-(( 5%
.-$&4$$%. (#'%* -, '/% %$$#)=
Dclmrli 0 ― Bydrafyscs ag trcmfyejrcdj<4
8/12/2019 Base Catalyst Biodiesel Production from Waste Vegetable Oil
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/base-catalyst-biodiesel-production-from-waste-vegetable-oil 10/36
X
>">$17&89*9;*7-L-:&;-=8 &86 %&(=8-L-:&;-=8
2*#,$%$'%*-0-&#'-+, -$ # *%#&'-+, :/%*% #, %$'%* -$ '*#,$0+*>%. -,'+ #,+'/%* %$'%*
'/*+47/ *%<(#&-,7 '/% #(;+9) 7*+4< +0 '/% +*-7-,#( %$'%* :-'/ '/% /).*+&#*5+,
<#*' +0 #, #(&+/+( :-'/ '/% <*%$%,&% +0 5#$% +* #&-. &#'#()$' @K= ^, #(;+9) 7*+4< -$
#, #(;)( 7*+4<6 :/-&/ -$ # /).*+7%, *%>+?%. 0*+> #, #(;#,%6 5+,.%. '+ #,
+9)7%, #'+>= L, '/-$ &#$%6 7()&%*+( :+4(. 5% '/% #(;+9) 7*+4< -, '*-7()&%*-.%=
A+* &#'#()$'6 #(;#(-,% &#'#()$' -$ '/% <*%0%**%. >%'/+. -, '/% 5-+.-%$%( -,.4$'*) @K6
@e .4% '+ -'$ 0#$'%* *#'% +0 &+,?%*$-+, &+><#*%. '+ #&-. &#'#()$' @K #,. #($+
5%$% -' -$ (%$$ &+**+$-?%@K6 @X
= Q+.-4> /).*+9-.% Pk#F8T #,. <+'#$$-4>/).*+9-.% P1F8T #*% #>+,7$' '/% >+$' &+>>+,() 4$%. #(;#(-,% &#'#()$' -,
5-+.-%$%( <*+.4&'-+,@e= ^$ 0+* #(&+/+(6 '/% >+$' &+>>+,() 4$%. #(&+/+( -$
>%'/#,+(@C= 2/% ':+ #(;#(-,% &#'#()$'$ #*% 4$4#(() 4$%. '+ *%#&' :-'/ >%'/#,+( '+
<*+.4&% >%'/+9-.% -+, #,. <*+'+,#'%. &#'#()$' @K6 @e=
2/% >%'/+9-.% -+, PU8SFIT -$ '/% $<%&-%$ '/#' :-(( '#;% <#*' -, '/% &#'#()$%.
'*#,$%$'%*-0-&#'-+, *%#&'-+,=
2/% .-$#.?#,'#7% +0 $-><() .-$$+(?-,7 #(;#(-,% /).*+9-.% -, #(&+/+( -$ '/#'
.4*-,7 '/% <*+&%$$ $+>% :#'%* :-(( 5% <*+.4&%.= 2/-$ :-(( #00%&' '/%
Dclmrli 5 ― Mjhjrlf Trlhsjstjrcgceltcah rjletcah<7
Dclmrli 4 - Pjletcah ag Ijtblhaf lhd Uadcui Bydraxcdj
8/12/2019 Base Catalyst Biodiesel Production from Waste Vegetable Oil
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/base-catalyst-biodiesel-production-from-waste-vegetable-oil 11/36
8/12/2019 Base Catalyst Biodiesel Production from Waste Vegetable Oil
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/base-catalyst-biodiesel-production-from-waste-vegetable-oil 12/36
C
L' /#$ 5%%, >%,'-+,%. 5%0+*% '/#' AA^ &+,'%,' #,. :#'%* -, ?%7%'#5(% +-( :-((
/-,.%* '/% *%$4('$ 5-+.-%$%( <*+.4&'-+,=
A-*$'()6 :/%, 0*%% 0#'') #&-. #,. #, #(&+/+( #*% >-9%. '+7%'/%* -' -$ <+$$-5(% 0+* #
&/%>-&#( *%#&'-+, +0 %$'%*-0-&#'-+, '+ +&&4*= 2/-$ -$ 5%$% 0#'') #&-. -$ #
&#*5+9)(-& #&-. #,. '/% &#*5+9)(-& #&-. 7*+4< PMUFF8T #,. '/% /).*+9)( 7*+4< +0
'/% #(&+/+( PMF8T :-(( *%#&' '+ 0+*> #, %$'%*JE6 54' #' '/% $#>% '->% :#'%* -$ #($+
0+*>%.=
Dclmrli : ― @lsj-eltlfysjd trlhsjstjrcgceltcah
8/12/2019 Base Catalyst Biodiesel Production from Waste Vegetable Oil
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/base-catalyst-biodiesel-production-from-waste-vegetable-oil 13/36
d
k%9'6 ,%4'*#(-$#'-+, +0 0#'') #&-.$ 5) *%#&'-,7 :-'/ 5#$% &#'#()$' :-(( <*+.4&% #
$#(' +0 0#'') #&-.@e6 #($+ &#((%. $+#<dMe6 #$ :%(( #$ :#'%* >+(%&4(%= H/%, $#('$ #*%
0+*>%. -' >%#,$ '/#' (%$$ &#'#()$' :-(( 5% #?#-(#5(% '+ *%#&' :-'/ >%'/#,+( #,.
/%,&% (%$$ '*#,$%$'%*-0-&#'-+, *%#&'-+, :-(( '#;% <(#&% #,. *%.4&%$ '/% )-%(. +0
5-+.-%$%(=
D#$'()6 '/% :#'%* <*+.4&%. -, '/% <*%?-+4$ *%#&'-+,$ #(+,7 :-'/ <*%M%9-$'-,7
:#'%* -, '/% ?%7%'#5(% +-( :-(( *%#&' :-'/ $+>% <*+.4&%. %$'%*$ 5) #''#&;-,7 '/%
&#*5+,)( 7*+4< :-'/ # /).*+9-.% ,4&(%+</-(% #,. '/% >+(%&4(% :-(( 5% -, #
'%'*#/%.*#( -,'%*>%.-#'%= 2/%, # 0#'') #&-. #,. # (%#?-,7 7*+4< >%'/+9-.% :-(( 5%
0+*>%. :/%, '/% &#*5+,M+9)7%, .+45(% *%0+*>$= 2/% ?%*) (#$' *%#&'-+, +0 '/-$
:/+(% <*+&%$$ :+4(. 5% ,%4'*#(-$#'-+, +0 '/% 0*%% 0#'') #&-. <*+.4&-,7 $+#<6 #,.
'/-$ :/+(% <*+&%$$ -$ ;,+:, $#<+,-0-&#'-+,@K6 JJ= Q-,&% '/-$ *%#&'-+, /).*+()$%$
<*+.4&%. %$'%*$6 -' :-(( #($+ #00%&' '/% )-%(. +0 5-+.-%$%(=
Dclmrli 7 ― Jstjrcgceltcah
8/12/2019 Base Catalyst Biodiesel Production from Waste Vegetable Oil
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/base-catalyst-biodiesel-production-from-waste-vegetable-oil 14/36
@E
^('%*,#'-?%()6 #&-. &#'#()$'$ &#, 5% 4$%. '+ #?+-. '/% *%34-*%>%,' +0 /-7/ 34#(-')
0%%.$'+&; 0+* 5-+.-%$%( <*+.4&'-+,6 :/-&/ &#, >#;% 5-+.-%$%( <*+.4&'-+,
&/%#<%* '/#, 4$-,7 5#$% &#'#()$'$JS= ^($+ '/%*% /#$ 5%%, R+4*,#($ '/#' $/+:$
4$-,7 #&-. &#'#()$' :+4(. /#?% #, #.?#,'#7% +?%* #(;#(-,% &#'#()$' #$ '/%
<%*0+*>#,&% +0 #&-. &#'#()$' :-(( ,+' 5% /%#?-() #00%&'%. 5) :#$'% ?%7%'#5(% +-(
:-'/ /-7/ 0*%% 0#'') #&-. &+,'%,' S #,. #($+ $+#< :-(( ,+' 5% 0+*>%. '/*+47/ #&-.
&#'#()V%. <*+&%$$ 5%$% ,+ ,%4'*#(-V#'-+, *%#&'-+, :-(( '#;% <(#&% :/%, '/%
*%34-*%. &/%>-&#( #*% ,+' <*%$%,'= 2/% >+$' -,?%$'-7#'%. #&-. &#'#()$' 0+*
5-+.-%$%( <*+.4&'-+, :+4(. 5% '/% $4(04*-& #&-.S=
L, 0#&'6 #&-. &#'#()$' #((+:$ ':+ *%#&'-+,$n %$'%*-0-&#'-+, #,. '*#,$%$'%*-0-&#'-+,=
2/% %$'%*-0-&#'-+, <*+&%$$ /#$ #(*%#.) 5%%, >%,'-+,%. 5%0+*% -, <*%?-+4$ <#*'$
+0 '/% %$$#)= Q/+:, -, .-#7*#> C6 0+* '/% '*#,$%$'%*-0-&#'-+, '/*+47/ #&-. &#'#()$'6
0-*$' '/% +9)7%, -, &#*5+,)( 7*+4< +0 # '*-7()&%*-.% :-(( 5% <*+'+,#'%. 5) #&-.
Dclmrli = ― Ulpahcgceltcah
8/12/2019 Base Catalyst Biodiesel Production from Waste Vegetable Oil
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/base-catalyst-biodiesel-production-from-waste-vegetable-oil 15/36
@@
&#'#()$'= k%9'6 '/% &#*5+,)( 7*+4< :-(( 5% %9<%*-%,&% # ,4&(%+</-(-& #''#&; 5) '/%
#(&+/+( 0+*>-,7 # '%'*#/%.*#( -,'%*>%.-#'%= 2/%, '/%*% :-(( 5% # <*+'+, '*#,$0%*6
:/-&/ :-(( 5*%#; .+:, '/% -,'%*>%.-#'% #,. <*+?-.% # <*+'+,#'%. #(;)( %$'%* +0
0#'') #&-. #,. .-7()&%*-.%= D#$'() # .%<*+'+,#'-+, +0 '/% <*+'+,#'%. #(;)( %$'%*
:-(( <*+.4&% '/% .%$-*%. #(;)( %$'%* #,. *%7%,%*#'% '/% #&-. &#'#()$' 0+* 04*'/%*
'*#,$%$'%*-0-&#'-+,JS=
Dclmrli 2 ― Lecd-eltlfysjd Trlhsjstjrcgceltcah
8/12/2019 Base Catalyst Biodiesel Production from Waste Vegetable Oil
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/base-catalyst-biodiesel-production-from-waste-vegetable-oil 16/36
@J
2/%*% #*% #($+ .*#:5#&;$ +0 4$-,7 #&-. &#'#()$'$ #,. +,% +0 '/% >+$' -><+*'#,'
0#&'+*$ -$ '/% *%34-*%>%,' +0 /-7/ '%><%*#'4*% #,. <*%$$4*% -, +*.%* '+ -,&*%#$%
'/% '*#,$%$'%*-0-&#'-+, <*+&%$$6 ')<-&#(() '%><%*#'4*% #5+?% @EEoUS6 @X= H/%*%#$
5#$% &#'#()$%. *%#&'-+,$ +,() *%34-*% (+: '%><%*#'4*% +0 XEoU #$ :%(( #$
<*%$$4*%@X= L' -$ #($+ $#-. '/#' '/% *%#&'-+, *#'% +0 #&-. &#'#()$' -$ #5+4' BEEE
'->%$ $(+:%* '/#, 5#$% &#'#()$' S=
5. Lppraleb
^$ $477%$'%. -, '/% *%$%#*&/ 34%$'-+,6 '/% -,?%$'-7#'-+, +0 '*#,$%$'%*-0-&#'-+,
:-(( 5% .+,% 4$-,7 5#$% &#'#()$'= 2/-$ -$ 5%$%6 #$ >%,'-+,%. -, '/% 5#&;7*+4,.
-,0+*>#'-+,6 '/% '%><%*#'4*% *%34-*%>%,' 0+* #&-. &#'#()$' '+ /#?% $-7,-0-&#,'
*%#&'-+, *#'% -$ '++ /-7/ '+ #&/-%?% -, # $&/++( (#56 :/-&/ .+%$ ,+' /#?% #&&%$$ '+
'/% -,.4$'*-#( >#&/-,%$ 0+* '/% 5-+.-%$%( <*+.4&'-+,= A4*'/%*>+*%6 '/% '->%
*%34-*%. '+ &#**) +4' #,. &+><(%'% #(( %9<%*->%,'$ #*% #($+ '#;%, -,'+ #&&+4,'
#,. 5%$% 5#$% &#'#()$' #((+:$ 0#$'%* *%#&'-+, *#'%6 -' -$ >+*% $4-'#5(% 0+* >)
-,?%$'-7#'-+,=
L, >) -,?%$'-7#'-+,6 L :-(( 5% -,?%$'-7#'-,7 ':+ .-00%*%,' :#$'% ?%7%'#5(% +-(
$#><(%$6 +,% 0*+> # (#*7% *%$'#4*#,' #,. #,+'/%* 0*+> # *%$'#4*#,' -, #
&(45/+4$% -, 8+,7 1+,7= 2/% *%#$+, -$ 5%$% '/-$ #((+:$ >% '+ $%% -0 '/%*% #*%
.-00%*%,&%$ 5%':%%, '/% 34#(-'-%$ +0 :#$'% ?%7%'#5(% +-( #,. '/% 5-+.-%$%( )-%(.
:/%, 4$-,7 :#$'% ?%7%'#5(% +-( 0*+> +,% (#*7% *%$'#4*#,' #,. +,% $>#((
*%$'#4*#,'=
8/12/2019 Base Catalyst Biodiesel Production from Waste Vegetable Oil
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/base-catalyst-biodiesel-production-from-waste-vegetable-oil 17/36
@S
4. Lhlfytcelf ijtbad
2/% <*+&%$$ +0 '-'*#'-+, #((+:$ 4$ '+ &#(&4(#'% '/% 0*%% 0#'') #&-. &+,'%,' -, '/%
:#$'% ?%7%'#5(% +-( $#><(%$6 :/-&/ '/% .#'# &#, 5% 4$%. '+ #,#()$% '/% $+#<
0+*>#'-+, .4*-,7 '*#,$%$'%*-0-&#'-+,=
^&&+*.-,7 '+ O-&%,'%6 '/% 5-+.-%$%( )-%(. P:%-7/' GT -$ *%(#'-?% '+ '/% #>+4,' +0
:#$'% ?%7%'#5(% +-( 4$%. #' '/% 5%7-,,-,7 +0 '/% *%#&'-+,= 2/-$ &#, 5% &#(&4(#'%.
0*+> '/% :%-7/' +0 0#'') #&-. >%'/)( %$'%* #,. :#$'% ?%7%'#5(% +-(=
:. ^raejdurj
@"#$?((&7&;E9
• \+'#$$-4> 8).*+9-.%6 1F8
• L$+<*+<)( #(&+/+(
• ^,/).*+4$ >%'/#,+( Pdd :'GT
• \/%,+(</'/#(%-,
• "4*%''%
• Q%<#*#'+*) A4,,%(
• A4,,%(
• ]%#$4*-,7 &)(-,.%*$ Pf E=EKT
• KEE >( 5%#;%*$
• JKE >( &+,-&#( 0(#$;$
• Z(%&'*+,-& $&#(% Pf E=EE@T
• 2/%*>+>%'%* Pf E=EKT
• b455%* $'+<<%*
• ]#7,%'-& $'-**%* :-'/ /+' <(#'%
• \(#$'-& :*#<
8/12/2019 Base Catalyst Biodiesel Production from Waste Vegetable Oil
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/base-catalyst-biodiesel-production-from-waste-vegetable-oil 18/36
@B
@">$%*(&7&;* D&;*7 &86 =-) #
@= A-('%* HOF 4$-,7 # $'%%( $'*#-,%* '+ *%>+?% $+(-.$ -, +-(=
J= 2+ $%<#*#'% :#'%* 0*+> '/% 4$%. &++;-,7 +-(6 /%#' '/% +-( '+ #*+4,. @EEoU
+, # >#7,%'-& $'-**%*=
S= ]#-,'#-, '/% '%><%*#'4*% 0+* #' (%#$' @K >-,4'%$ '+ >#;% $4*% #(( :#'%*
/#$ 5%%, 5+-(%. #:#)=
@"J$1-;7&;-=8 L=7 33? :=8;*8; GMB
@= H%-7/ @E>D +0 L$+<*+<)( #(&+/+( #,. <4' -, # KE>D 0(#$;
J= ^.. #,. >-9 @>D +0 ?%7%'#5(% +-( '+ '/% >%'/#,+(
S= ^.. </%,+(</'/#(%-, PS .*+<$T
B= [-$$+(?% E=@ 7*#> +0 1F8 -, @EE>D +0 :#'%*6 '/%, 0-(( -' -, # 54*%''%
K= ^.. '/% E=@G 1F8 $+(4'-+, '+ '/% +-( #,. >%'/#,+( >-9'4*% +,% .*+< #' #
'->%= ]#;% $4*% %#&/ .*+< -$ %?%,() >-9%.=
X= 1%%< #..-,7 4,'-( '/% -,.-&#'+* $'#)$ #' <4*<(% 0+* @E $%&+,.$6 '/-$ >%#,$
'/% '-'*#'-+, /#$ %,.%.=
e= U+,?%*' '/% #>+4,' +0 1F8 #..%. -,'+ >#$$ #,. .-?-.% -' 5) '/% >#$$ +0
'%$' ?+(4>% +-( '+ &#(&4(#'% '/% <%*&%,'#7% +0 AA^ -, +-(=
b%<%#' '/% '-'*#'-+, 0+* #' (%#$' '/*%% '->%$ '+ +5'#-, #, #?%*#7% ?#(4%=
@"C$K*;O=F-6* (7=6E:;-=8 >
@= b%&+*. '/% >#$$ +0 '/% &+,-&#( 0(#$;=
J= H%-7/ '/% >#$$ +0 @EE>D +0 :#$'% ?%7%'#5(% +-(
S= 2/% >%'/#,+( 4$%. :-(( 5% JEG +0 '/% ?+(4>% +0 '/% HOF6 /%,&% >%#$4*%
JE>D +0 >%'/#,+(=
@ A*+> *%0%*%,&%n JB
J ^.#<'%. 0*+> *%0%*%,&%n JK6 JX6 Je
8/12/2019 Base Catalyst Biodiesel Production from Waste Vegetable Oil
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/base-catalyst-biodiesel-production-from-waste-vegetable-oil 19/36
@K
B= H%-7/ 1F86 5#$% &#'#()$'6 '+ @G +0 '/% :%-7/' +0 @EE>D +0 HOF=
K= H/%, 5+'/ #*% >%#$4*%.6 #.. '/% 1F8 -,'+ '/% >%'/#,+( '+ <*+.4&%
<+'#$$-4> >%'/+9-.%= 1%%< >-9-,7 4,'-( 1F8 $+(-.$ /#?% &+><(%'%()
.-$$+(?%. -, '/% >%'/#,+(=
@"@$I-=6-*9*) (7=6E:;-=8 (7=:*99
@= b%/%#' '/% @EE>D HOF -, # &+,-&#( 0(#$; '+ XEoU +, # >#7,%'-& $'-**%*=
J= \*%<#*% # <-%&% +0 <(#$'-& :*#< '/#' &#, $%#( '/% &+,-&#( 0(#$;=
S= ^.. -, '/% <*%?-+4$() >#.% \+'#$$-4> ]%'/+9-.% $+(4'-+, '+ '/% /%#'%.
HOF=
B= i4-&;() $%#( '/% &+,-&#( 0(#$; :-'/ '/% <(#$'-& :*#<6 '/% #-> -$ '+ >-,->-$%
%?#<+*#'-+, +0 #(&+/+(=
K= ^((+: '/% >-9'4*% '+ *%#&' +, '/% >#7,%'-& <(#'% 0+* @K >-,4'%$ :/-(%
>#-,'#-,-,7 '/% '%><%*#'4*%=
X= ^0'%*:#*.$6 $%#( '/% &+,-&#( 0(#$; :-'/ # *455%* &+*; #,. #((+: '/%
>-9'4*% '+ $-' 0+* JB /+4*$ '+ >#;% $4*% '/% *%#&'-+, -$ #$ &+><(%'% #$
<+$$-5(%=
@"!$%*(&7&;-=8 =L N)4:*7=)
@= \+4* '/% $+(4'-+, -,'+ # $%<#*#'+*) 04,,%(=
J= ^((+: '/% 7()&%*+( '+ $%''(% '+ '/% 5+''+>=
S= U#*%04(() .*#-, '/% 7()&%*+( -,'+ # >%#$4*-,7 &)(-,.%*=
B= b%&+*. '/% >#$$=
@"/$H&;*7 D&9O-8N ;O* A-=6-*9*) J
@= H%-7/ '/% >#$$ +0 '/% 4,:#$/%. 5-+.-%$%(=
J= \+4* '/% 5-+.-%$%( -,'+ $%<#*#'+*) 04,,%(=
S ^.#<'%. 0*+> *%0%*%,&% JC6 '+ *%>+?% &+,'#>-,#,'$ -, '/% 5-+.-%$%(=
8/12/2019 Base Catalyst Biodiesel Production from Waste Vegetable Oil
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/base-catalyst-biodiesel-production-from-waste-vegetable-oil 20/36
@X
S= ^.. #*+4,. /#(0 '/% ?+(4>% +0 5-+.-%$%( +0 .-$'-((%. :#'%* '+ '/%
$%<#*#'+*) 04,,%( #,. $%#( '/% +<%,-,7=
B= j%,'() *+'#'% '/% $%<#*#'+*) 04,,%( '+ #((+: $(-7/' >-9-,7 +0 :#'%* #,.
5-+.-%$%(=
K= [*#-, '/% :#'%*=
X= b%<%#' '/% :#$/-,76 54' 7*#.4#(() >-9 '/% (-34-.$ >+*% ?-+(%,'()=
e= b%<%#' 4,'-( '/% :#$/ :#'%* -$ &(%#* #0'%* ?-+(%,'() $/#;-,7 '/% (-34-.$=
@"<$^74-8N D&9O*6 A-=6-*9*) C
@= \+4* :#$/%. 5-+.-%$%( -,'+ # &+,-&#( 0(#$;=
J= 8%#' '/% 5-+.-%$%( '+ @EEoU '+ %?#<+*#'% (%0' +?%* :#'%* -, '/% 5-+.-%$%(=
;. H%-7/ '/% >#$$ +0 '/% .*-%. #,. :#$/%. 5-+.-%$%(=
B ^.#<'%. 0*+> *%0%*%,&% Jd=
8/12/2019 Base Catalyst Biodiesel Production from Waste Vegetable Oil
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/base-catalyst-biodiesel-production-from-waste-vegetable-oil 21/36
@e
7. Dltl Eaffjetcah
!"#$\&D ^&;&
7.<.<-Ulipfj Acf <;
Tctrltcah (Tl`fj <)
@cadcjsjf praduetcah (Tl`fj 0)
2-'*#'-+, @ 2-'*#'-+, J 2-'*#'-+, S ^?%*#7%
]%#$4*% 1F8 P7T
fE=EE@E=@SJ
]#$$ +0 @>D HOF
P7T f E=EE@@=SXe @=SSJ @=B@@ @=Se
E=@G 1F8 Y$%.
P>DT f E=EK@ E=d @ E=de
2%$' @ 2%$' J 2%$' S 2%$' B ^?%*#7%
U+,-&#( 0(#$; P7T fE=EE@
@@e=@@e @@B=KEe @JE=@JJ @@K=@XB @@X=eJC
@EE>D .*-%. HOF
P7T f E=EE@Ce=JJX CK=BB@ CX=CE@ CX=KdJ CX=K@K
JE>D ]%'/#,+( P7T
f E=EE@@K=S@@ @B=d@J @K=KSB @K=XE@ @K=SBE
]%#$4*%. 1F8 P7T f
E=EE@
E=CeK E=CKB E=CXB E=CXX E=CXK
j()&%*+( P7T f E=EE@ @B=dSK @B=BSJ @B=Kd @B=XBB @B=XKE
Y,:#$/%. "-+.-%$%(
P7T f E=EE@CX=eBe CK=JeC CK=XBX CX=JSS CK=deX
H#$/%. "-+.-%$%(
P7T f E=EE@eK=EJe ee=BEJ eX=EES eX=@@@ eX=@SX
8/12/2019 Base Catalyst Biodiesel Production from Waste Vegetable Oil
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/base-catalyst-biodiesel-production-from-waste-vegetable-oil 22/36
@C
7.<.0-Ulipfj Acf 0;
Tctrltcah (Tl`fj 5)
2/% $#>% E=@G 1F8 $+(4'-+, -$ 4$%. 0+* '/% '-'*#'-+, +0 $#><(% +-( @ #,. J=
@cadcjsjf ^raduetcah (Tl`fj 4)
2-'*#'-+, @ 2-'*#'-+, J 2-'*#'-+, S ^?%*#7%
]%#$4*% 1F8 P7T
fE=EE@E=@SJ
]#$$ +0 @>D HOF
P7T f E=EE@E=deE @=E@e @=EEC E=ddC
E=@G 1F8 Y$%.
P>DT f E=EK
@=SE @=JK @=SE @=JC
2%$' @ 2%$' J 2%$' S 2%$' B ^?%*#7%
U+,-&#( 0(#$; P7T f
E=EE@@@e=@@e @@B=KEe @JE=@JJ @@K=@XB @@X=eJC
@EE>D .*-%. HOF
P7T f E=EE@Cd=BdX CC=XKJ Ce=CBX CC=Sde CC=KdC
JE>D ]%'/#,+( P7T
f E=EE@@K=BJJ @K=XK@ @B=dXd @K=SEJ @K=SSX
]%#$4*%. 1F8 P7T f
E=EE@E=d@ E=d@ E=CeX E=CCd E=CdX
j()&%*+( P7T f E=EE@ @K=JES @K=ddd @X=@EB @K=KEd @K=eEB
Y,:#$/%. "-+.-%$%(
P7T f E=EE@Cd=EJC Ce=CSC CX=KEJ CX=JSS Ce=BEE
H#$/%. "-+.-%$%(
P7T f E=EE@e@=E@C eE=XXC e@=SSK eJ=SEJ e@=SS@
8/12/2019 Base Catalyst Biodiesel Production from Waste Vegetable Oil
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/base-catalyst-biodiesel-production-from-waste-vegetable-oil 23/36
@d
Y,&%*'#-,') %9<(#,#'-+,n
^(( '/% 4,&%*'#-,') 0+* HOF #,. 5-+.-%$%( -$ E=EEJ7 -$ 5%$% '/% .#'# .-$<(#)%.
-, '/% '#5(%$ #*% &#(&4(#'%. 5) $45'*#&'-,7 '/% >#$$ +0 &+,-&#( 0(#$; 0*+> '/% >#$$
+0 HOFh5-+.-%$%( -, &+,-&#( 0(#$;=
^$ 0+* '/% +'/%* >%#$4*%>%,'$6 '/% >#$$ +0 '/% &+,'#-,%*$ :#$ $%' '+ V%*+ +, '/%
%(%&'*-&#( 5#(#,&%=
8/12/2019 Base Catalyst Biodiesel Production from Waste Vegetable Oil
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/base-catalyst-biodiesel-production-from-waste-vegetable-oil 24/36
JE
!">$P7=:*99*6 ̂ &;&
7.0.<-Ulipfj Acf <;
Tctrltcah (Tl`fj :)
@cadcjsjf praduetcah (Tl`fj 7)
2-'*#'-+, @ 2-'*#'-+, J 2-'*#'-+, S ^?%*#7%
]+(% +0 1F8 4$%. P>+(T
f E=EECGE=EEJB
E=@G 1F8 U+,&=
P>+(h>(T f E=EECGE=EEEEJB
]+(% +0 E=@G 1F8 4$%.P>+(T
E=EEEEJBE fK=E@G
E=EEEEJ@X fK=KXG
E=EEEEJBE fK=E@G
E=EEEEJSJ fK=@dG
]#$$ +0 E=@G 1F8 4$%.
P7T
F.FF/;N f
K=E@G
F.FF/4/ f
K=KXG
F.FF/;N f
K=E@G
F.FF/;F f
K=@dG
AA^ U+,'%,' PGTF.FKK f
K=ECG
F.FK/ f
K=XBG
F.FKN f
K=ECG
F.FKN f
K=JeG
2%$' @ 2%$' J 2%$' S 2%$' B ^?%*#7%
"-+.-%$%( a-%(. PGT
E=EEJKG
KF.NK f
E=EEJKG
BJ.N@ f
E=EEJKG
BJ.KF f
E=EEJKG
BB.F4 f
E=EEJKG
Q+#< A+*>#'-+, PGT
/;.KK f
E=EEJKG
K.3/ f
E=EEJKG
/4.33 f
E=EEJKG
/4./F f
E=EEJKG
//.KB f
E=EEJKG
8/12/2019 Base Catalyst Biodiesel Production from Waste Vegetable Oil
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/base-catalyst-biodiesel-production-from-waste-vegetable-oil 25/36
J@
7.0.0-Ulipfj Acf 0;
Tctrltcah (Tl`fj =)
@cadcjsjf ^raduetcah (Tl`fj 2)
2-'*#'-+, @ 2-'*#'-+, J 2-'*#'-+, S ^?%*#7%
]+(% +0 E=@G 1F8
4$%. P>+(T
E=EEEES@J
f S=CKG
E=EEEESEE
f B=E@G
E=EEEES@J
f S=CKG
E=EEEESEC
f S=d@G
]#$$ +0 E=@G 1F8
4$%. P7T
F.FF/JN f
S=CKG
F.FF/@B f
B=E@G
F.FF/JN f
S=CKG
F.FF/J; f
S=d@G
AA^ U+,'%,' PGTF./BF f
S=dXG
E=@XX f
B=@@G
F./J3 f
S=dKG
F./J; f
B=E@G
2%$' @ 2%$' J 2%$' S 2%$' B ^?%*#7%
"-+.-%$%( a-%(. PGT
JK.;N f
E=EEJKG
JK.J/ f
E=EEJKG
B/.4F f
E=EEJKG
B/.JK f
E=EEJKG
BF.N4 f
E=EEJKG
Q+#< A+*>#'-+, PGT
4F.@N f
E=EEJKG
4F.4K f
E=EEJKG
/B.BF f
E=EEJK
/B.4/ f
E=EEJK
/K.3B f
E=EEJKG
8/12/2019 Base Catalyst Biodiesel Production from Waste Vegetable Oil
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/base-catalyst-biodiesel-production-from-waste-vegetable-oil 26/36
8/12/2019 Base Catalyst Biodiesel Production from Waste Vegetable Oil
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/base-catalyst-biodiesel-production-from-waste-vegetable-oil 27/36
JS
2. Pjsufts
"#$%. +, '/% *%$4('$ $/+:, -, '#5(% X #,. C6 '/% #?%*#7% 5-+.-%$%( )-%(. +0 CC=EJG
P+-( @T #,. CE=KJG P+-( JT6 :-'/ '/% #$$4><'-+, '/#' #(( '*-7()&%*-.%$ /#. *%#&'%.
%-'/%* 5) '*#,$%$'%*-0-&#'-+, +* $#<+,-0-&#'-+,= 2/%$% *%$4('$ -,.-&#'% '/#' 5#$%M
&#'#()$%. 5-+.-%$%( <*+.4&'-+, 0*+> :#$'% ?%7%'#5(% +-( -$ %00%&'-?% #,. %00-&-%,'=
2/% *%$4('$ #($+ $/+: '/% *%(#'-+,$/-< 5%':%%, 0*%% 0#'') #&-. &+,'%,' #,. '/%
#>+4,' +0 $#<+,-0-&#'-+,= 2/% 0-*$' 0%%.$'+&; /#$ #, #?%*#7% +0 #(>+$' @JG $+#<
0+*>#'-+, :-'/ E=EdKG +0 AA^ &+,'%,'g :/%*%#$ '/%*% -$ #, #?%*#7% +0 @d=BCG
$+#< 0+*>#'-+, :-'/ E=@eSG +0 AA^ &+,'%,' 0+* '/% $%&+,. +-( $#><(%= H/%,
'/%*% -$ #, -,&*%#$% +0 0*%% 0#'') #&-. 5) '/% *#'-+ +0 #5+4' @=C6 '/%*% -$ #($+ #,
-,&*%#$% +0 $+#< 0+*>#'-+, 5) '/% *#'-+, +0 #5+4' @=X= 2/-$ *%$4(' -,.-&#'%$ '/#'
$(-7/' -,&*%#$% -, 0*%% 0#'') #&-. &+,'%,' &#, -,.%%. $% # ,+'-&%#5(% -,&*%#$% +0
$+#< 0+*>#'-+, #,. # &+,$-.%*#5(% ,%7#'-?% -><#&' '+ '/% 5-+.-%$%( )-%(.=
8/12/2019 Base Catalyst Biodiesel Production from Waste Vegetable Oil
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/base-catalyst-biodiesel-production-from-waste-vegetable-oil 28/36
JB
3. Jvlfultcah
2/%*% -$ # (#&; +0 <%*$<%&'-?% +0 %9#&'() /+: %00-&-%,' '/% 5#$% &#'#()$' -$ 0+*
5-+.-%$%( <*+.4&'-+, 0*+> :#$'% ?%7%'#5(% +-(= 2/-$ -$ 5%$% '/% *%$%#*&/ .-.
,+' -,&(4.% ?-*7-, ?%7%'#5(% +-( #$ # &+><#*-$+, '+ :#$'% ?%7%'#5(% +-(= ") '%$'-,7
?-*7-, ?%7%'#5(% +-(6 :% :-(( 5% #5(% '+ &+><#*% '/% 34#(-') +0 0%%.$'+&; '+ '/%
5-+.-%$%( )-%(. '+ 0-,. +4' %9#&'() /+: %00-&-%,' 5#$% &#'#()$' -$ :/%, <*+.4&-,7
5-+.-%$%( 0*+> :#$'% ?%7%'#5(% +-(= 2+ 5%''%* .%'%*>-,% '/% %00%&'-?%,%$$6 L :+4(.
'%$' ?-*7-, ?%7%'#5(% +-( #$ :%(( '/% ,%9' '->% L .+ '/% %9<%*->%,'=
F,% +0 '/% 5-77%$' (->-'#'-+,$ -, '/-$ *%$%#*&/ -$ '/% -,#5-(-') '+ .%'%*>-,% '/%
<4*-') +0 '/% 5-+.-%$%( <*+.4&%.= [4% '+ '/% %9-$'%,&% +0 0*%% 0#'') #&-. #,.
/).*+()$-$ +0 >%'/)(M%$'%*$ '/#' 7%,%*#'%$ 0#'') #&-. #,. >%'/+9-.%6 '/-$ :-((
$% ,%4'*#(-$#'-+, *%#&'-+, :/%, 0#'') #&-.$ *%#&' :-'/ '/% 5#$% &#'#()$'= 2/-$
>%#,$ '/#' '/%*% -$ # <+$$-5-(-') +0 5#$% &#'#()$' '+ 5% &+><(%'%() 4$%. 4< -, '/%
,%4'*#(-$#'-+, *%#&'-+, 5%0+*% #(( '*-7()&%*-.% >+(%&4(%$ /#?% 5%%, '*#,$0+*>%.
-,'+ >%'/)(M%$'%*$= 8%,&% '/-$ #00%&'$ '/% *%(-#5-(-') +0 '/% *%$4(' +0 '/% 5-+.-%$%(
)-%(. 5%$% '/%*% #*% $'-(( '*-7()&%*-.%6 .-7()&%*-.% +* >+,+7()&%*-.% >+(%&4(%$
'/#' #*% <*%$%,' :-'/ >%'/)(M%$'%*$6 >#;-,7 '/% 5-+.-%$%( -><4*%= 2+ -><*+?%
'/% *%(-#5-(-') +0 '/% 5-+.-%$%( )-%(. *%$4('$6 O-,&%,' JX >%,'-+,$ '/% 4$% +0 7#$
&/*+>#'+7*#</) #$ # >%'/+. '+ #,#()$% '/% #>+4,' +0 .-00%*%,' >+(%&4(%$ -, '/%
0-,#( <*+.4&' +0 '/% 5-+.-%$%( <*+.4&'-+, -, /-$ <#<%*= 8+:%?%*6 7#$
&/*+>#'+7*#</) -$ ,+' #?#-(#5(% -, '/% $&/++( (#5+*#'+*)=
[4*-,7 '/% %9<%*->%,' '/%*% -$ #, #$$4><'-+, '/#' '/% <+'#$$-4> >%'/+9-.%
<*+.4&%. -, '/% (#5+*#'+*) -$ &+><(%'%() #,/).*+4$ #,. /%,&% '/% #$$4><'-+,
'/#' '/% $+#< 0+*>#'-+, -$ &+><(%'%() .4% '+ '/% *%#&'-+, 5%':%%, 0*%% 0#'') #&-.$
#,. '/% 5#$% &#'#()$'$= 2/-$ #$$4><'-+, :-(( #($+ #00%&' '/% *%(-#5-(-') +0 '/% .#'#
8/12/2019 Base Catalyst Biodiesel Production from Waste Vegetable Oil
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/base-catalyst-biodiesel-production-from-waste-vegetable-oil 29/36
JK
+0 5-+.-%$%( )-%(. #,. $+#< 0+*>#'-+,= 2/-$ -,#&&4*#&) &#, 5% %(->-,#'%. %#$-()
5) <4*&/#$-,7 #,/).*+4$ <+'#$$-4> >%'/+9-.% '/#' -$ #?#-(#5(% -, $'+*%$=
D#$'()6 '/% *%(-#5-(-') +0 5-+.-%$%( )-%(. *%$4('$ -$ ?%*) 34%$'-+,#5(% .4% '+ '/% 0#&'
'/#' +,() ':+ .-00%*%,' :#$'% ?%7%'#5(% +-( $#><(%$ #*% 4$%. -, '/% *%$%#*&/= p4$'
5%$% '/% ':+ $#><(%$ 7#'/%*%. 0+* '/-$ %9<%*->%,' /#<<%,$ '+ /#?% (+: 0*%%
0#'') #&-. &+,'%,'6 -' .+%$ ,+' >%#, '/#' '/% (-'*%$ +0 '/% :#$'% ?%7%'#5(% +-( '/#'
#*% 7%,%*#'%. -, +'/%* *%$'#4*#,'$ -, 8+,7 1+,7 :-(( #($+ /#?% $4&/ # $>#((
#>+4,' +0 0*%% 0#'') #&-. &+,'%,'= 2/% *%(-#5-(-') -$$4% :-(( /%#?-() #00%&' '/%
.%&-$-+, +0 :/%'/%* '/% 4$#7% +0 5#$% &#'#()$' 0+* 5-+.-%$%( <*+.4&'-+, -$
%00%&'-?% +* ,+' .4% '+ '/% 0#&' '/#' '/% 34#(-') +0 :#$'% ?%7%'#5(% +-( :-(( #00%&'
<*+.4&'-+, &+$'$ '+ 5-+.-%$%( )-%(. *#'-+= 8%,&%6 '/% *%$4('$ 0*+> '/-$ %9<%*->%,'
.+ ,+' #,. &#,,+' *%0(%&' '/% &+><(%'% '*4'/ #5+4' '/% %00-&-%,&) +0 4$-,7 5#$%
&#'#()$' 0+* 5-+.-%$%( <*+.4&'-+,= L, +*.%* '+ 04*'/%* .%'%*>-,% '/% %00%&'-?%,%$$
#,. *%(-#5-(-') +0 4$-,7 5#$% &#'#()$' #$ '/% >#-, &#'#()$' 0+* 5-+.-%$%( <*+.4&'-+,
-, 8+,7 1+,76 >+*% :#$'% ?%7%'#5(% +-( $#><(%$ >4$' 5% 7#'/%*%. 0*+> .-00%*%,'
*%$'#4*#,'$ 0+* '%$'-,7=
8/12/2019 Base Catalyst Biodiesel Production from Waste Vegetable Oil
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/base-catalyst-biodiesel-production-from-waste-vegetable-oil 30/36
JX
<>. Dcseusscah
A*+> #, %,?-*+,>%,'#( $'#,.<+-,'6 '/% *%$4('$ $/+: '/#' -' :-(( 5% :+*'/:/-(% '+
*%&)&(% :#$'% ?%7%'#5(% +-( #$ 5-+.-%$%( 0%%.$'+&; 0*+> *%$'#4*#,'$ -, 8+,7 1+,7=
Q-,&% '/-$ *%$%#*&/ -,.-&#'%$ '/#' 5-+.-%$%( <*+.4&'-+, -$ %00-&-%,'6 -' >%#,$ '/-$
&+4(. 5% # 7++. $+(4'-+, '+ *%.4&% '/% 4$#7% +0 <%'*+M.-%$%(6 /%,&% '/% #>+4,' +0
7*%%,/+4$% 7#$%$6 %$<%&-#(() &#*5+, .-+9-.%6 *%(%#$%. -,'+ '/% #'>+$</%*%=
b%&)&(-,7 :#$'% ?%7%'#5(% +-( 0+* 5-+.-%$%( <*+.4&'-+, #($+ 5%,%0-' :#'%*
'*%#'>%,' $)$'%>$ -, 8+,7 1+,7 #$ -' :-(( 5% (%$$ (-;%() 0+* $%:%*$ '+ 5% 5(+&;%.
5) $+(-.-0-%. 0#' +* *%(%#$%. -,'+ :#'%* $+4*&%$ $4&/ #$ *-?%*$ #$ # <+((4'#,'=
A4*'/%*>+*%6 0*+> #, %&+,+>-&#( $'#,.<+-,'6 5-+.-%$%( <*+.4&'-+, >#) 5% #5(%
'+ (+:%* '/% <*-&% +0 .-%$%( 04%( -, 8+,7 1+,76 :/-&/ &+$' YQq@=Ke <%* (-'*% -,
JE@J -,&*%#$%. 5) YQqE=JK 0*+> '/% YQq@=SJ <%* (-'*% -, JE@E SE6 $-,&% 5-+.-%$%(
&#, 5% 4$%. %-'/%* .-*%&'() -, %,7-,%$ +* 5(%,.%. :-'/ <%'*+(%4> 04%( :-'/+4'
7*%#'() $#&*-0-&-,7 '/% %00-&-%,&) +0 #, %,7-,%S= H/%, 5-+.-%$%( -$ >-9%. :-'/
<%'*+(%4> 04%(6 -' #($+ 5%,%0-'$ '/% %,7-,% 5) *%.4&-,7 :%#* #,. '%#* %00%&' #,.
/%,&% -,&*%#$% '/% (-0% +0 #, %,7-,% #$ $477%$'%. -, '/% <#<%* 5) D+'%*+ %' #(= S=
<<. Eahefuscah
2/% #-> +0 '/% *%$%#*&/ :#$ '+ -,?%$'-7#'% '/% 4$% +0 5#$% &#'#()$'6 <+'#$$-4>
/).*+9-.%6 #,. -'$ %00%&'-?%,%$$ 0+* 5-+.-%$%( <*+.4&'-+, 4$-,7 :#$'% ?%7%'#5(%
+-( 0*+> *%$'#4*#,' -, 8+,7 1+,7= ^ *%(#'-?%() $'*#-7/'0+*:#*. %9<%*->%,' :#$
.%$-7,%. '+ -,?%$'-7#'% #,. 7#'/%* .#'# 0+* >) *%$%#*&/ 34%$'-+,=
8/12/2019 Base Catalyst Biodiesel Production from Waste Vegetable Oil
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/base-catalyst-biodiesel-production-from-waste-vegetable-oil 31/36
Je
") <*+&%$$-,7 .#'# 7#'/%*%. 0*+> '/% %9<%*->%,'$6 '/% <%*&%,'#7% :%-7/' +0
5-+.-%$%( )-%(.%. 0+* +-( $#><(% @ *%#&/%. '/% #?%*#7% +0 CC=EJG :-'/ #
<%*&%,'#7% 4,&%*'#-,') +0 E=EEJKG6 :/-&/ -$ # ?%*) $>#(( 4,&%*'#-,')g +-( $#><(%
J *%#&/%. #, #?%*#7% )-%(. +0 CE=KJG :-'/ # <%*&%,'#7% 4,&%*'#-,') +0 E=EEJKG
#$ :%((= 2/% .-00%*%,&% 5%':%%, '/% 5-+.-%$%( )-%(. $%%>$ '+ 5% #00%&'%. 5) '/%
0*%% 0#'') #&-. R4$' #$ %9<%&'%. $-,&% '/% #?%*#7% AA^ &+,'%,' 0+* +-( $#><(% @ -$
E=EdKG #,. E=@eSG 0+* +-( $#><(% J=
2/% /-7/ 5-+.-%$%( )-%(. 0*+> '/-$ -,?%$'-7#'-+, -,.-&#'%. '/#' 5#$%M&#'#()$%.
5-+.-%$%( <*+.4&'-+, -$ %00-&-%,'= 8+:%?%*6 -' :#$ %9<%&'%. '/#' '/% :#$'%
?%7%'#5(% +-( $#><(%$ :+4(. /#?% /-7/ AA^ &+,'%,'6 )%' '/% *%$4('$ 0*+> '-'*#'-+,
$/+: +'/%*:-$%= 2/-$ &#, 5% %9<(#-,%. '/#' %-'/%* '/% %9<%&'#'-+, :#$ '++ /-7/6
+* '/% $#><(%$ 7#'/%*%. :%*% 4,0#-* .4% '+ '/% $4<<(-%* <4*<+$%() <*+?-.%.
>+.%*#'%() 4$%. ?%7%'#5(% +-( -,$'%#. +0 +,%$ '/#' :%*% '*4() ,+,M*%4$#5(%=
^('/+47/ '/% %9<%*->%,'#( *%$4(' +0 /-7/ 5-+.-%$%( )-%(.$ -$ #5(% '+ #,$:%* >)
-,-'-#( *%$%#*&/ 34%$'-+,= 8+:%?%* .4% '+ '/% (#&; +0 #&&%$$ '+ %34-<>%,'6 L /#?%
# 0%: 34%$'-+,$ '/#' :%*% (%0' 4,#,$:%*%. M 8+: .+%$ '/% ')<% +0 ?%7%'#5(% +-(
#00%&' 5-+.-%$%( )-%(.N ^,. :/-&/ ?%7%'#5(% +-( -$ '/% >+$' &+>>+, -, 8+,7 1+,7N
2+ :/#' %9'%,. .+%$ '/% ?-$&+$-') +0 '/% :#$'% ?%7%'#5(% +-( /#$ #, %00%&' +0 '/%
5-+.-%$%( )-%(.N ^ 04*'/%* *%$%#*&/ -,'+ '/%$% 34%$'-+,$ :-(( <%*/#<$ 5% #5(% '+
<*+?-.% >+*% .%'#-(%. #,. &+><(%'% #,$:%*$ *%7#*.-,7 '/% %00-&-%,&) +0 5#$%
&#'#()$%. 5-+.-%$%( <*+.4&'-+, -, 8+,7 1+,7=
]ard eauht; 535=
8/12/2019 Base Catalyst Biodiesel Production from Waste Vegetable Oil
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/base-catalyst-biodiesel-production-from-waste-vegetable-oil 32/36
JC
@c`fcamrlpby
@ [(47+;%,&;)6 Z.6 #,. \-%'%* 2#,$= r2*%,.$ -, ^'>+$</%*-& U#*5+, [-+9-.%=r
U%\T T=A&) K=8-;=7-8N ^-Z-9-=8= k#'-+,#( F&%#,-& s ^'>+$</%*-& ^.>-,-$'*#'-+,6
,=.= H%5= JK ^47= JE@S=
t/''<nhh:::=%$*(=,+##=7+?h7>.h&&77h'*%,.$h7(+5#(=/'>(u=
J "\= IP %;&;-9;-:&) \*Z-*D =L H=7)6 U8*7N4 WE8* >0#J. ,-) ]=89E'(;-=8 R ;=88*9
PQ<*%#.$/%%'T= JE@S= JK ^47= JE@S= t/''<nhh:::=5<=&+>h$'#'-$'-&#(*%?-%:hu
S D+'%*+6 Z.7#*6 a-R4, D-46 [+*# Z= D+<%V6 1#%:'# Q4:#,,#;#*,6 [#?-. ^= "*4&%6
#,. p#>%$ j= j++.:-,= rQ),'/%$-$ +0 "-+.-%$%( ?-# ^&-. U#'#()$-$=r S86E9;7-&) [
U8N-8**7-8N ]O*'-9;74 \*9*&7:O BB=@B PJEEKTn KSKSMSXS= H%5= JK ^47= JE@S
B D+<%V6 [=6 p= j++.:-,R*6 [= "*4&%6 #,. Z= D+'%*+= r2*#,$%$'%*-0-&#'-+, +0
2*-#&%'-, :-'/ ]%'/#,+( +, Q+(-. ̂ &-. #,. "#$% U#'#()$'$=r ?(()-*6 ]&;&)49-9 ?.
5*8*7&) JdK=J PJEEKT= JK ^47= JE@S
K b#>V)6 ^4$'-,= rU/-,# U*#&;$ [+:, +, lj4''%* F-(6` # Q45$'#,&% Z?%, H+*$%
2/#, L'$ k#>%=r 1SKU = 2L]Z6 @S Q%<'= JE@@= H%5= JX ^47= JE@S=
X O-.#(6 p+/,= rA#'5%*7 ^/%#.v 8+: D+,.+, H#$ Q#?%. 0*+> # @KM'+,,% "#(( +0
j*%#$%=r 1O* 5E&76-&8= k=<=6 X ^47= JE@S= H%5= JX ^47= JE@S
e U#,#;&-6 ]=6 #,. p= O#, j%*<%,= r"-+.-%$%( <*+.4&'-+, 0*+> +-($ #,. 0#'$ :-'/
/-7/ 0*%% 0#'') #&-.$=r 17&89&:;-=89$?'*7-:&8 %=:-*;4 =L ?N7-:E);E7&) U8N-8**79
BB=X PJEE@Tn @BJdM@BSX= Jd ^47= JE@S=
8/12/2019 Base Catalyst Biodiesel Production from Waste Vegetable Oil
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/base-catalyst-biodiesel-production-from-waste-vegetable-oil 33/36
Jd
C Q-,7/6 Q= \=6 #,. [-<'- Q-,7/= r"-+.-%$%( <*+.4&'-+, '/*+47/ '/% 4$% +0 .-00%*%,'
$+4*&%$ #,. &/#*#&'%*-V#'-+, +0 +-($ #,. '/%-* %$'%*$ #$ '/% $45$'-'4'% +0 .-%$%(n #
*%?-%:=r \*8*D&A)* &86 %E9;&-8&A)* U8*7N4 \*Z-*D9 @B=@ PJE@ETn JEEMJ@X= SE
^47= JE@S=
d ]&k#47/'6 ^= [=6 #,. ^= H-(;-,$+,= rU+><%,.-4> +0 U/%>-&#( 2%*>-,+(+7)=r
S_P?] 5=)6 I==V = LY\^U6 ,=.= H%5= SE ^47= JE@S= t/''<nhh7+(.5++;=-4<#&=+*7u=
dM@ Q%#*&/ F9+#&-.
dMJ Q%#*&/ ^(&+/+(
dMS Q%#*&/ A4,&'-+,#( j*+4<
dMB Q%#*&/ A#'') ^&-.
dMK Q%#*&/ U#*5+9)(-& #&-.
dMX Q%#*&/ ^(-</#'-& &+><+4,.$
dMe Q%#*&/ Q+#<
@E 2/% Q+#< #,. [%'%*7%,' ^$$+&-#'-+,6 j()&%*-,% s F(%+&/%>-&#( [-?-$-+,=
lj()&%*-,%n #, +?%*?-%:`= P@ddET
@@ [#$-(?#6 j=6 ]= ]#&;6 #,. p= U+,'-%*+= rj()&%*+(n ^ \*+>-$-,7 #,. ^54,.#,'
U#*5+, Q+4*&% 0+* L,.4$'*-#( ]-&*+5-+(+7)=r I-=;*:O8=)=N4 ?6Z&8:*9 Je=@ PJEEdTn
SEMSd= @X ^47= JEEC= H%5= SE ^47= JE@S=
@J b4$'#,6 ^*-(. U=6 #,. U/*-$'-#, ^= [*%?+,= 3&;;4 &:-69. 9;7E:;E7*9 &86 (7=(*7;-*9=
p+/, H-(%) s Q+,$6 D'.6 JEEK= @ Q%<'= JE@S=
@S rA+*>#'-+, +0 k%: U+><+4,.$ .4*-,7 A*)-,7=r 3\YSX5 ,ST% $ ]QUKS%1\Y = Z.=
U#*>%, [+5#*7#,%$= 2/% ^FUQ D-<-. D-5*#*)6 J Q%<'= JEEd= H%5= JX [%&= JE@S=
t/''<nhh(-<-.(-5*#*)=#+&$=+*7h0*)-,7h&M,%:&<.$h-,.%9=/'>u=
8/12/2019 Base Catalyst Biodiesel Production from Waste Vegetable Oil
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/base-catalyst-biodiesel-production-from-waste-vegetable-oil 34/36
SE
@B Q/#;/#$/-*-6 "#$$#> w= rA^2Q s FLDQ=r k=<=6 SE p#,= JEEC= H%5= JX [%&= JE@S=
t/''<nhh$&-04,=&/%>=:-$&=%.4h&/%>:%%;h\[AhA#'$sF-($=<.0u=
@K Q&/4&/#*.'6 Y(06 b-&#*.+ Q%*&/%(-6 #,. b+7x*-+ ]#'/%4$ O#*7#$=
r2*#,$%$'%*-0-&#'-+, +0 O%7%'#5(% F-($n ^ b%?-%:=r W=E78&) =L ;O* I7&n-)-&8
]O*'-:&) %=:-*;4 d=S P@ddCTn ,= <#7= H%5= Je [%&= JE@S=
t/''<nhhR5&$=$53=+*7=5*h->#7%"#,;h\[Ah?d,S#EJ=<.0u=
@X \= ]= ZR-;%>%6 L= [= ^,)#+746 U= D= ZR-;%>%6 %' #(=6 lU#'#()$-$ -, "-+.-%$%(
\*+.4&'-+, 5) 2*#,$%$'%*-0-&#'-+, \*+&%$$%$M^, L,$-7/'6` U$W=E78&) =L ]O*'-9;74 6
?+(= e6 ,+= B6 <<= @@JEM@@SJ6 JE@E= .+-n@E=@@KKhJE@EhXCdEK@= JC [%&= JE@S
@e Q-,7/6 ^=6 %' #(= r\*+&%$$ +<'->-V#'-+, +0 5-+.-%$%( <*+.4&'-+, 4$-,7 #(;#(-,%
&#'#()$'$=r ?(()-*6 U8N-8**7-8N -8 ?N7-:E);E7* JJ=B PJEEXTn KdeMXEE= JC [%&= JE@S
@C "%**-+$6 ]=6 ]=#= ]#*'y,6 ^=A= U/- #,. ^= ]#*'y,= rQ'4.) +0 Z$'%*-0-&#'-+, #,.
2*#,$%$'%*-0-&#'-+, -, "-+.-%$%( \*+.4&'-+, 0*+> Y$%. A*)-,7 F-($ -, # U(+$%.
Q)$'%>=r ]O*'-:&) U8N-8**7-8N W=E78&) @XE=J PJE@ETn BeSMed= @ p4,% JE@E= H%5=
JC [%&= JE@S=
t/''<nhh:::=$&-%,&%.-*%&'=&+>h$&-%,&%h#*'-&(%h<--hQ@SCKCdBe@EEEJXdzu=
@d k-%?%$MQ+'+6 ]#*-+6 %' #(= r"-+.-%$%( U4**%,' 2%&/,+(+7)n Y('*#$+,-& \*+&%$$ #
b%#(-$'-& L,.4$'*-#( ^<<(-&#'-+,=r PJE@JT= Jd [%&= JE@S
JE "*+:,6 U#'*-,= 8-7/%* D%?%( U/%>-$'*)n [%?%(+<%. Q<%&-0-&#(() 0+* '/% L"
[-<(+>#= k=<=n \%#*$+,6 JEEd= \*-,'= JC [%&= JE@S
8/12/2019 Base Catalyst Biodiesel Production from Waste Vegetable Oil
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/base-catalyst-biodiesel-production-from-waste-vegetable-oil 35/36
S@
J@ rZ$'%*$=r II] $ 5]%U I-;*9-n*= ""U6 ,=.= H%5= S@ [%&= JE@S=
t/''<nhh:::=55&=&+=4;h$&/++($h7&$%5-'%$-V%h$&-%,&%h+&*{7#'%:#){<*%{JE@@h&
#*5+,{&/%>hS{$>%(($@=$/'>(u=
JJ rQ#<+,-0-&#'-+, +0 Z$'%*$=r \*&:;-=89 ,L ]&7A=F4)-: ?:-6 ̂ *7-Z&;-Z*9 = 2/%
H-;-<*%>%. ]U^2 U+4*$%6 ,=.= H%5= Jd [%&= JE@S=
t/''<nhh:::=:-;-<*%>%.=&+>hES{+*7#,-&>%&/#,-$>$=</<N>&/{&+.%mESEJEd{
ECEu=
JS D+'%*+6 Z.7#*6 %' #(= l2/% U#'#()$' +0 "-+.-%$%( Q),'/%$-$` ]&;&)49-96 ?+(= @d
PJEEXTn B@MCS= H%5= Jd [%&= JE@S
JB b%0##'6 ^= ^= r[-00%*%,' '%&/,-34%$ 0+* '/% <*+.4&'-+, +0 5-+.-%$%( 0*+> :#$'%
?%7%'#5(% +-(=r S8;" W" U8Z-7=8" %:-" 1*:O e=@ PJE@ETn @CSMJ@S=
JK L((-,+-$ H#$'% ]#,#7%>%,' #,. b%$%#*&/ U%,'*%= lQ>#(( $&#(% 5-+.-%$%(
<*+.4&'-+,n 0%#$-5-(-') *%<+*'=` PJEEXT= H%5= Jd [%&= JE@S
JX O-&%,'%6 j= rL,'%7*#'%. "-+.-%$%( \*+.4&'-+,n ^ U+><#*-$+, +0 [-00%*%,'
8+>+7%,%+4$ U#'#()$'$ Q)$'%>$=r I-=7*9=E7:* 1*:O8=)=N4 dJ=S PJEEBTn JdeMSEK=
H%5= Jd [%&= JE@S
Je O)#$6 ^>-$/ \=6 p#$:#,' D= O%*>#6 #,. k#,.4(# Q45*#/>#,)#>= rZ00%&'$ +0
>+(#* *#'-+6 #(;#(- &#'#()$' &+,&%,'*#'-+, #,. '%><%*#'4*% +, '*#,$%$'%*-0-&#'-+,
+0 p#'*+</# +-( :-'/ >%'/#,+( 4,.%* 4('*#$+,-& -**#.-#'-+,=r ?6Z ]O*' U8N %:- @
PJE@@Tn BKMKE=
JC r]#;% "-+.-%$%( #' 8+>%=r K&V* I-=LE*) = ]#;% "-+.4%(6 ,=.= H%5= Jd [%&= JE@S=
t/''<nhh:::=>#;%5-+04%(=&+=4;h>#;%M5-+.-%$%(M#'M/+>%u=
8/12/2019 Base Catalyst Biodiesel Production from Waste Vegetable Oil
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/base-catalyst-biodiesel-production-from-waste-vegetable-oil 36/36
SJ
Jd 2/% [4.# [-%$%( j4-.%= r2/% [4.# [-%$%( j4-.% +, 8+: '+ ]#;% "-+.-%$%(=r
1O* ^E6& ^-*9*) 5E-6*= [4.# [-%$%(6 ,=.= H%5= Jd [%&= JE@S=
t/''<nhh:::=.4.#.-%$%(=&+>h5-+.-%$%(=</<u=
SE 2/% H+*(. "#,;= r\4>< \*-&% 0+* [-%$%( A4%( PYQq <%* D-'%*T=r 1O* H=7)6 I&8V =
2/% H+*(. "#,;6 ,=.= H%5= SE [%&= JE@S=
t/''<nhh.#'#=:+*(.5#,;=+*7h-,.-&#'+*hZ\=\]\=[ZQD=U[u=