basal nuclei & their connections
DESCRIPTION
Gross anatomy of Basal Nuclei & their connections, no clinical aspect is described.TRANSCRIPT
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DR. RUSHDAN ZAKARIAHTRAINEE MEDICAL OFFICERNEUROLOGY DEPARTMENT
DMCH
BASAL NUCLEI & THEIR CONNECTIONS
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Collection of masses of gray matter situated within each cerebral hemisphere.
The term ‘BASAL’ is used to denote the position of the nuclei at the base of forebrain.
What is Basal Nuclei ?
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BASAL GANGLIA
BASAL NUCLEI
PRESENT NOMENCLATURE
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ANATOMY
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A) CAUDATE NUCLEUS
B) LENTIFORM NUCLEUS (GLOBUS PALLIDUS & PUTAMEN)
C) CLAUSTRUM
D) AMYGDALOID NUCLEUS
Basal Nuclei consists of
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A) Sub thalamic nucleus
B) Substantia Nigra (Mid brain)
Functionally Related Nuclei
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DEVELOPMENT: TELENCEPHALONMEDIAL GANGLIONIC EMINENCE: Projection neurons for Caudate,
Putamen
LATERAL GANGLIONIC EMINENCE: Projection
neurons for Globus Pallidus & most striated
inter neurons
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BASAL NUCLEI ANATOMY
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Lies lateral to the lateral ventricles, C shaped, encloses thalamus & internal capsule
o STRUCTURE: Head, Body and Tail
CAUDATE NUCLEUS
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CAUDATE NUCLEUS:
Head: Lies into the space of Anterior horn
Body: Forms floor of central part
Tail: Forms roof of inferior horn, joins amygdaloid body
Relationship with Lateral Ventricle
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LENTIFORM NUCLEUS:
Globus Pallidus:
Situated medially, got 2 segments,
GPi & GPe
Putamen: Situated laterally
Forms lateral boundary of internal capsule
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LENTIFORM NUCLEUS
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CLAUSTRUM
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AMYGDALOID NUCLEUS
Nuclear mass in temporal lobe,
continuous with tail of caudate
nucleus
Function is closely related to limbic
system or hypothalamus
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SUBSTANTIA NIGRA
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MEDIUM SPINY NEURON
90% of the neurons
Primary Projection Neurons
Inhibitory (GABAergic)
Very little spontaneous activity
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BASAL NUCLEI ANATOMY
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BASAL NUCLEI ANATOMY
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BLOOD SUPPLY
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BLOOD SUPPLY
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INPUT & OUTPUTMODULATION
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Cerebral Cortex
Substantia
Nigra (Pc)
Thalamus
INPUT
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Input modulation
The caudate & putamen receive input from the cortex, and …
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… from the thalamus
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OUTPUT
Substantia
Nigra (Pr) to
Thalamus
GPi to Thalamus
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CONNECTIONS &
PATHWAYS
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CONNECTIONS (Afferent and Efferent)
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INTRINSIC PATHWAYSDirect Pathway: Striatum > GPi, SNr > Thalamus
Indirect Pathway: Striatum > GPe > STN > GPi, SNr > Thalamus
Net Effects:
Direct pathway: Thalamus (+): Facilitation of movement
Indirect pathway: Thalamus (-):Inhibition of movement
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COMPARISON
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FUNCTION
Cognition control
Movement Coordination
Voluntary movement control
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THANK YOU !