BART Adaptation Strategy for Sea-Level Rise in the

San Francisco Bay Area

FTA Project CA-26-6006-00

with support of

National Oceanic &

Atmospheric Administration

San Francisco Bay Conservation & Development

Commission

Metropolitan Transportation Commission

Tian Feng, FAIA, FCSI

District Architect San Francisco Bay Area Rapid

Transit District tfeng@bart.gov

Norman Wong, PE nwong@bart.gov

Herbert Diamant Systems Engineer

hdiaman@bart.gov

About BART

• Introduction and Background • Element 1 – Climate Hazards in the Bay Area

• Sea Level Rise, Downpour & Flooding

• Element 2 – Vulnerability and Risk Assessment • Element 3 – Adaptation Strategies

• Global Rail Sector Climate Adaptation Strategies • Adaptation Strategies • Prioritizing Adaptation Strategies

• Element 4 – Links to BART Organization and Practices

• Element 5 – Asset Management and Life-Cycle Cost Analysis

• Conclusion

Pilot Approach

Assets

Lake Merrit Station Entrance

Coliseum Traction Power Substation Fruitvale Train Control Room

West Oakland Track Portal

1 - Climate Hazards in the Bay Area

• Sea Level Rise • 2050 – 16” • 2100 – 55”

• Downpour • Current – 1.2-1.3 in/hr 100-yr 1-hr storm intensity • Future – modest, recommend 30% greater intensity

• Flooding • Current – 100- and 500-year FEMA floodplain • Future – recommend add ½ mile extent to floodplain

• Best Practice: A Review of Global Rail Sector Climate Adaptation Strategies

• Adaptation Strategies • For each of the 4 study areas • By discipline: Planning, Design/Construction, Operations,

Maintenance • Type of hazard adapted for (SLR, flooding, and/or downpours)

• Prioritizing Adaptation Strategies • Timeframe & cost • Cost-benefit score • For each of the 4 study areas

3 – Adaptation Strategies

Internal Stakeholder Engagement

Date

Event

Personnel

2/5/13

Adaptation Strategy

Workshop #1

Dean Giebelhausen, Section Manager Power Mechanical

Cristiana Lippert, Division Manager Mechanical Engineering

Ken Meyers, Facilities Supervisor

John Scaria, Group Manager Systems Engineering

Barney Smits, Principal Mechanical Engineer

2/27/13

Adaptation Strategy

Workshop #2

Dan Hartung, Deputy Police Chief

Mark Pfeiffer, Manager Electrical and Mechanical Engineering

Abdul Shaik, Manager, Traction Power

Pepe Vallenas, Acting Seismic Engineering Manager

Land Use/Planning

Area-wide barriers Relocate assets

Drain capacity Low impact development

Other jurisdiction involvement

Design and Construction

Water proofing

Walls/barriers Drain capacity

Elevate Technology

Redundancy

Enclose

Operations

Asset Management

Redundancy

Inreach Groundwater Modeling

Emergency Management

Maintenance

Drain & roof systems

Reporting Equipment Monitoring

3 – Strategy Prioritization

3 – Strategy Prioritization

4 – Links to BART Organization and Practices Discipline Department/Division Area of

Responsibility Strategies Strategy IDs

Planning Planning Dept Planning Work with local jurisdictions on improvements

LP1 to LP4

Design/ Construction

Office of District Architect, Other divisions

BART Facility Standards

Upgrades and retrofits C1 to C17, Op5, Op6

Maintenance Engineering

Repair and Retrofit

Upgrades and retrofits

C1 to C17

Operation Police Department Emergency Response

Review emergency plans (BART, local, regional)

Op2 to Op4

Asset Management Team Maximo Georeference assets; connect to maintenance reporting

Op1, M1

Computer System Engineering Division

Technology Improve sump pump monitoring; early warning system

C5, C17

Office of District Architect

Climate change, Sustainability

Education, flood control communications, groundwater model

Op7 to Op9

Maintenance Power and Mechanical Division

Equipment maintenance

Increase critical equipment monitoring efforts

M3, M4

Way and Facilities Division

Storm drain maintenance

Increase preventative maintenance, dye testing

M2, M5

Update to BART Facilities Standards

Asset Management – Enterprise Level Asset Management Component Opportunities to Integrate Climate Adaptation BART Status / Notes

Asset Management Policy and Strategy

Consider climate change in asset management goals, policies, and/or plans.

Climate change considerations to be added to asset registry

Environmental/Climate change and Asset Management Team Coordination

Risk-Based Asset Management Approach

Map areas vulnerable to projected climate risks. Inventory critical assets, create risk profiles, and develop

risk mitigation strategies. SLR maps completed

for ART East Bay area Prioritized list of SOGR

assets identified

Asset Management Activities

Develop adaptation strategies at enterprise, asset-class and lifecycle asset management planning levels

AMPs for 5 asset classes are underway

Financial Requirements Incorporate climate risk mitigation strategies into short- and long- range plans, capital and/or O&M budgeting processes.

Continuous Improvement Monitor asset condition in conjunction with climate change indicators to determine if/how climate change affects performance.

Asset Management – Asset Level Life Cycle Management Component Opportunities to Integrate Climate Change Adaptation

Roles and Responsibilities Identify resource (person, organization, or program) for climate risk data and how it will be maintained.

Asset Inventory Overlay or relate inventory to climate-related data.

Condition Assessment & Performance Monitoring

Document condition and performance monitoring in conjunction with climate conditions to understand how an asset performs under various climate extremes and if a climate risk mitigation strategy that has been implemented is effective and responsive.

Preventive/ Reactive Maintenance Plan

Update preventive and reactive/corrective maintenance practices to address different operating conditions

Asset Policy and Strategy Include goals for level of service requirements and climate change-related outcomes.

Asset Lifecycle Management Consider climate risks to asset throughout each phase: (1) Design/procure (2) Use/operate (3) Maintain/monitor (4) Rehabilitate (5) Dispose/reconstruct/replace

Capital Programming and O&M Budgeting

Consider costs of climate-related strategies (incl. costs to replace vs. retrofit vs. abandon) and the value or benefit of the measure to facilitate prioritization.

Performance Modeling Conduct performance modeling in conjunction with climate conditions.

Continuous Improvement Update asset lifecycle management plans as conditions and performance change.

Life Cycle Cost Analysis (LCCA)

Figure 6-3. Life-Cycle Cost Analysis Framework for Critical Assets

Step 1 Establish alternative scenarios

Step 2 Determine activity timing

Step 3 Estimate costs (agency and user)

Step 4 Compute life-cycle costs

Step 5 Analyze the results

Fruitvale Train Control Room

Water Intrusion Incident 11/30/12 • Incident: A20, Heavy rain and drain pipe blockage

caused rooftop ponding+intrusion and flooding from interior floor drain. Speed code issues occurred. (~3 hrs in late afternoon)

• Repair Damage: • PLM card and power supply for VPI (~$4,800) • Pipe replacement (~$500) • Labor (~$25,000)

• Delay Impact: • 34 Secondary delays between 5 and 11 minutes • Up to 21,000 riders impacted

Business-as-Usual Scenario

Adaptive Scenario

Life Cycle Cost Analysis

Business-as-Usual Scenario

Adaptive Scenario

O&M $1,330,000 $500,000

Capital $360,000 $1,140,000

TOTAL

(2013-2050 In Year of Expenditure Dollars)

$1,700,000 $1,640,000

Table 6-7. 2050 Life-Cycle Cost Comparison of BAU vs. Adaptive Scenario

• Questions • Feedback or comments

Questions?