BARS, STRIPS AND REELS OF

UNALLOYED TOOL STEEL

GENERAL TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS

GOST 1435 – 90

EXTRACT

Translated by: M/s SWYAZ

2/453, Viram Khand, Gomti Nagar,

Lucknow – 226010 ����: 0522–3098139 / 2345145 Email – swyaz@sify.com Visit us: http\\: www.swyaz.com

2

BARS, STRIPS AND REELS OF UNALLOYED TOOL STEEL GOST

1435 – 90 General Technical specifications

This standard pertains to bars and strips forged; hot rolled bars, strips and reels, calibrated

and with special finishing of surface (further – metal product) made from tool non alloyed

carbon steel, and similarly partially from standards chemical composition – for ingots, billet,

sheet, tape, wire and other products.

General purpose of metal product is given in appendix 1.

1. BASIC PARAMETERS AND DIMENSIONS

1.1. Classification

1.1.1. Steel, from which metal product is manufactured, as per chemical composition is divided

into:

quality;

high quality – A.

1.1.2. As per purpose depending upon the fraction of total weight of chromium, nickel and copper

the metal product is sub divided into three groups:

1 – for product of all types, including for cores, except patented wire and tape;

2 – for patented wire and tape;

3 – for products of all types (including for hot rolled and cold rolled sheets and tapes), whose

manufacturing technology of provides multiple heat treatments, which increase the possibility

of display of graphitization of steel, and similarly for product, from which higher

hardenability is required (except rolled stock for cores, patented wire and tape).

3

GOST 1435 – 90 Page 2

1.1.3. As per the method of further processing of hot rolled and forged bars and strips are

subdivided into sub groups:

a – for hot machining by pressure ( including for sedimentation, upsetting), and similarly for

cold broaching;

b – for cold machining (turning, drilling, milling etc.).

1.1.4. As per the state of material metal product is manufactured:

without heat treatment – T;

cold hardened – H (for calibrated and with special finishing of surface of bars.

Group of metal product, and similarly the purpose – for metal product of first group, which

are being used for manufacturing of cores, method of further processing, state of material,

group of finishing of surface should be shown in the order.

1.2. Grades

1.2.1. Grades and chemical composition of steel smelting analysis should comply with table 1 and 2

Table 1

Notes: 1. Letter and numbers in designation of grade of steel means: Y – carbon, number which

follows it is – average weight in decimal fraction of percentage for carbon, Г – increased

fraction of total weight of manganese.

2. Fraction of total weight of sulphur in steel, which is obtained by method of electro-slag

remelting, should not exceed 0.013%.

Grade

4

GOST 1435 – 90 Page 3

Table 2

Notes: 1. In metal product of 2nd group the sum fraction of total weight of chromium, nickel and copper

should not exceed 0.40%.

2. In metal product of 1st and 3rd group, which is manufactured from steel, which is obtained by

scrap-process, in comparison with the values shown in table the increased fractions of total

weights of nickel, copper and chromium by 0.05% of each element are permitted. For metal,

which is meant for manufacturing cold rolled tape, increase of fraction of total weight of

nickel, copper and chromium is not permitted.

1.2.1. In finished metal products deviations as per chemical composition in compliance with table 3

are permitted.

Table 3

Name of element Permissible deviation, % Silicon ±0.02 Manganese ±0.02 Sulphur ±0.002 Phosphorus ±0.005

1.3. Range of sizes

1.3.1. Metal product is manufactured in bars, strips and reels.

1.3.2. As per shape, dimensions and limiting deviations, the metal products should comply

with the requirements:

Hot rolled round rolled steel – GOST 2590 or other standard-technical documentation;

Grade

5

GOST 1435 – 90 Page 4

hot rolled square rolled steel – GOST 2591 or other standard-technical documentation;

hot rolled hexagonal rolled steel – GOST 2879;

square and round forged bars – GOST 1133;

strips – GOST 103, GOST 4405;

calibrated bars (winding) – GOST 7417, GOST 8559, GOST 8560 of qualities h11 and h12;

bars with special finishing of surface – GOST 14955 of qualities h11 and h12.

1.3.3. Diameters and limiting deviations of calibrated bars for cores should comply with table 4.

Table 4 mm

Diameter of bars Limiting deviation 5.05 6.12

-0.08

10.90 12.03 12.43

-0.10

Examples of conditional designations: Hot rolled bar having diameter 20 mm, usual accuracy of rolling B as per GOST 2590 – 88, grade Y8A, 3rd group, sub group б, number of hardenability 111:

Calibrated bar, having diameter 10 mm, quality h 11 GOST 7417 – 75, of grade Y10A, 1st group, cold – hardened H:

Strip, having thickness 10 mm and width 22mm, normal accuracy of rolling B, with sickle-

shape as per class 2 GOST103 – 76, gradeY12A, 3rd group, sub group б, heat treated T:

Bar with special finishing of surface, having diameter 20 mm, group B, quality h 11 as per GOST 14955 – 77, grade Y10A, group 1, cold worked H:

6

GOST 1435 – 90 Page 5

2 TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS 2.1. Bars, strips and reels should be manufactured in compliance with the requirements of the

given standard as per technological documentation, certified in the specified order.

2.2. Characteristics

2.2.1. Hardness of heat -treated metal product and hardness of samples after hardening should

comply with table 5.

Table 5

2.2.2. Heat- treated metal product having diameter or thickness not less than 5 mm is not

checked for hardness, but as per the requirement of the customer is conducted tensile

test. Ultimate strength should comply with the standards, given in table 6.

Table 6

Grade of Steel

Grade

7

GOST 1435 – 90 Page 6 Standards of ultimate strength up to 01.01.93 are not rejected. 2.2.3. Hardness of bars for cores should comply with table 7. Table 7

Type of heat treatment Hardness HB, not more than

Diameter of impression, mm, not less than

HRCэ (HRC), not less than

Annealing or tempering 269 3.7 - Hardening - - 65(01)

2.2.4. Ends of bars and strips should be cut or trimmed without burrs. Length of crumpled

ends should not exceed:

1.5 of diameter or thickness – for bars and strips having diameter or thickness up to 10 mm;

40 mm – for bars and strips having diameter or thickness above 10 up to 60 mm;

60 mm – for bars and strips having diameter or thickness above 60 mm.

Note. As per the agreement of manufacturer with the customer supply of bars and strips

without burrs or with them from one end is permitted.

2.2.5. On the surface of bars and strips of sub group a , are not permitted crimps, expanded or

flattened cracks, contamination, blisters, rolling scabs and fissures.

Surface defects should be removed by flattened cutting or by trimming. Depth of trimming

should not exceed (while calculating from actual dimension of rolled stock):

for bars and strips having diameter or thickness not less than 80 mm – half of sum of limiting

deviations from dimension;

for bars and strips having diameter or thickness from 80 up to 140 mm – of sum of limiting

deviations from dimension;

for bars and strips having diameter or thickness above 140 mm – 4% of nominal diameter or

thickness.

Defects of mechanical origin (stamps, scratches, marks, pit and other), having depth, not

exceeding half of sum of limiting deviations are permitted without trimming, and similarly

fine expanded or flattened contamination or blisters, having depth not exceeding 0.25 of sum

of limiting deviations, but not more than 0.2 mm, while calculating from the actual

dimension.

Separate fine films, expanded contamination or blisters, defects of mechanical origin (stamps,

scratches, marks, pit and others), not exceeding 0.25 of sum of limiting deviations, on the

surface of hot rolled reels are permitted without trimming, while calculating from actual

dimension.

8

GOST 1435 – 90 Page 7

Note. Expanded or flattened contamination or blisters are not permitted on the surface ofbars,

which are meant for manufacturing of parts by method of hot upsetting or heading,

2.2.6. On the surface of bars and strips of sub group b are permitted local defects, if the depth of

their lapping does not exceed: for dimensions up to 100 mm – half of the sum of limiting

deviations for dimension;

for dimensions 100 mm and more –sum of limiting deviations for dimension, while

calculating from the actual dimension.

2.2.7. Quality of surface of calibrated bars (reels) should comply with the requirements of

GOST 1051 of groups Б, B; with special finishing of surface – GOST 14955 of groups B,

Г,Д.

2.2.8. Metal product, which is meant for hot heading and upsetting, is tested for upsetting in hot

state.

On samples which have undergone upsetting, should not be open cracks, crimps, ruptures.

2.2.9. Microstructure of heat- treated metal product in bars having diameter or thickness up to 60

mm inclusive (except sub group a for hot processing by pressure) should comply with:

1) shape of pearlite – table 8.

Table 8

Grade of steel Standards of microstructure in numbers Non permissible permissible

Y7, Y7A, Y8, Y8A, Y8Г, Y8ГA, Y9, Y9A 1 and 10 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9

Y10, Y10A, Y11, Y11A, Y12, Y12A, Y13, Y13A

1, 2, 9 and 10 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8

2) cementite matrix: in metal product from steel of grades Y7, Y7A, Y8, Y8A, Y8Г, Y8ГA

absence of cementite matrix is ensured by chemical composition: in metal product from

steel of grades Y9, Y9A, Y10, Y10A, Y11, Y11A, Y12, Y12A, Y13, Y13A cementite

matrix is not permitted, remains of ruptured cementite net should not exceed number 3.

In bars for cores remains of ruptured cementite matrix should not exceed number 2.

Note. Standards of microstructure of strip of steel are made equal to the standards of

microstructure of square profile with area, equal in size to the area of transverse section

of strip.

9

GOST 1435 – 90 Page 8

2.2.10. For hot rolled bars, reels and forged bars depth of decarbonized layer (ferrite+conversion

zone) should not exceed on the side:

0.20 mm – for bars and strips having diameter or thickness up to 5 mm;

0.30 mm “ “ “ “ “ “above 5 “ 10 mm;

0.40 mm “ “ “ “ “ “ “ 10 “ 16 mm;

0.50 mm “ “ “ “ “ “ “ 16 “ 25 mm;

0.60 mm “ “ “ “ “ “ “ 25 “ 40 mm;

1.5 % of diameter or thickness for bars and strips having diameter or thickness above 40 mm.

2.2.11. Depth of decarbonized layer of calibrated bars, meant for parts, being processed with high

frequency currents (r.f. currents), should not exceed on the side of 1% of actual diameter or

thickness.

For bars, treated with high frequency currents (r.f. currents), with diameter or thickness of bar

up to 16 mm depth of decarbonized layer should not exceed 1.5 % of diameter or thickness,

with the diameter or thickness of bar above 16 mm - 1.3 % of actual diameter or thickness.

2.2.12. On the surface of bars for cores the depth of decarbonized layer should not exceed 2 % of

diameter of bar.

2.2.13. Decarbonized layer on the bars with special finishing of surface is not permitted.

2.2.14. In the fracture of bars, strips having diameter or thickness up to 100 mm inclusive there

should not be pits, delaminations, slatiness, cracks, blisters, slag impurities, and for metal of

3rd group – black fracture.

Fracture should be uniform and fine (granular).

It is permitted to inspect macrostructure also on pickling templates. In this case in

macrostructure there should not be shrink hole, porosity, blisters, delaminations, cracks,

foreign metallic and slag impurities.

The following are permitted:

Semi-charged segregation ( liquation) not more than number 1l

central porosity, spotted liquation, liquating square not more than number 2;

point (dot) non uniformity not more than number 3.

2.2.15. Bars for cores in final dimension should have complete penetration hardenability at one of its

temperatures of hardening: 760, 800, 840 oC (without excess heating).

Temperature of hardening, at which complete hardenability is observed, is shown in quality

document.

2.2.16. As per agreement of manufacturer with the customer metal product is manufactured:

1) with fraction of total weight of chromium 0.30 – 0.50 % in steels of 3rd group;

10

GOST 1435 – 90 Page-9

2) with lower hardness, than provided in table 5, or with limiting of lower and upper

limits of hardness, and for cores – not exceeding 229 HB;

3) with depth of decarbonized layer on the bars for cores, not exceeding 1 % of diameter

of bar;

4) with shape of pearlite, corresponding to numbers 3, 4, 5, 6 – in bars and strips from

steel of grades Y7A, Y8A, Y9A and numbers 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 – in bars and strips from

steel of grades Y10A, Y11A, Y12A, Y13A;

5) with inspection of cementite net in metal product of sub group a;

6) with standardized hardenability of metal product of group 3. The number of

hardenability is shown in the order;

7) with depth of decarbonized layer for bars and strips having diameter or thickness

above 5 up to 10 mm, not exceeding 0.20 mm.

APPENDIX 1

Reference

GENERAL PURPOSE UNALLOYED TOOL STEEL OF DIFFERENT GRADES

Table 9

Grade of steel Sphere of application Y7, Y7A

For machining wood: axes, wood chopper,

wood chisel, chisel.

For pneumatic tools of small dimensions:

chisel, swages, block (striker).

For blacksmith’s dies (punches).

For fitter-mounting tools: hammers, sledge

hammers, drifts, screw drivers, combined

flat-nosed, sharp-nosed, side cutting pliers

and others.

11

GOST 1435 – 90 Page 10

Appendix 1

Y8, Y8A, Y8Г, Y8ГA, Y9, Y9A For manufacturing tools, which operate in

conditions, which do not cause heating-up

of cutting edge.

For wood works : mills, facing cutter,

spotfacing, axes, wood chisel, chisel, linear

and circular file(saw).

For rolling rollers, plates and rods for die

casting of tin-lead alloys.

For fitter-mounting tools: clamps for

squeezing, punches, drifts, screw drivers,

combined

flat-nosed, sharp-nosed, side cutting pliers.

For gages of simple mould and reduced

classes of accuracy.

For cold-rolled heat treated tape having

thickness from 2.5 to 0.02 mm, meant for

manufacturing smooth (plane) and twisted

springs and springy parts of complex

configuration, valves, feeler gages, reeds,

lamellar dividing knives, for fine designed

parts including for watches etc. (tape is

produced as per GOST 2283 and GOST

21996 and as per set of special technical

specifications.

Y10A, Y12A, For cores

Y10, Y10A, For needle wire

12

GOST 1435 – 90 Page 11

APPENDIX 2 Compulsory DESCRIPTION OF SCALE FOR VALUATION OF MICROSTRUCTUR E

(PEARLITE) OF TOOL UNALLOYED STEEL

(Magnification 500x)

Scale included 10 standards of possible microstructures of annealed or highly tempered steel

with different composition of granular or laminated pearlite (for area):

number 1 – from 80 up to 100 % of fine laminated sorbitic pearlite;

number 2 – above 20 up to 50 % of granular pearlite;

number 3 – above 50 up to 80 % of granular pearlite;

number 4 – above 80 up to 100 % of granular pearlite;

number 5, 6 – granular pearlite with magnified dimension of cementite particles;

number 7 – up to 10 % of coarsely laminated pearlite;

number 8 – above 10 up to 50 % of coarsely laminated pearlite;

number 9 – above 50 up to 90 % of coarsely laminated pearlite;

number 10 – above 90 up to 100 % of coarsely laminated pearlite.

13

GOST 1435 – 90 Page 12

14

GOST 1435 – 90 Page 13

15

GOST 1435 – 90 Page 14

16

GOST 1435 – 90 Page 15

APPENDIX 3

Compulsory

DESCRIPTION OF SCALE FOR VALUATION OF CEMENTITE MAT RIX

IN UNALLOYED TOOL STEEL (Magnification 500x)

Scale includes two sets of standards of possible types of cementite matrix of 5 standards in

each set.

Sets differ by dimension of cells (meshes) of carbide matrix.

1sr set –large celled net (average relative diameter of cell approximately 0.045 mm);

2nd set – fine celled net (average relative diameter of cell less than 0.025 mm).

Standards of each set differ by closure of cell and corresponds to the following numbers:

number 1 – practically uniform distribution of cementing particles;

number 2 – separate chains of cementing particles have place;

number 3 – chains of cementing particles in form of bits (patches) weakly expressed net;

number 4 - chains of cementing particles in form of noticeably (conspicuously) expressed

net;

number 5 – chains of cementing particles form net with closed cells.

17

GOST 1435 – 90 Page 16

18

GOST 1435 – 90 Page 17

19

GOST 1435 – 90 Page 18

20

GOST 1435 – 90 Page 19

21

GOST 1435 – 90 Page 20

22

GOST 1435 – 90 Page 21

23

GOST 1435 – 90 Page 22

24

GOST 1435 – 90 Page 23

Notes:

1. Designation on diagrams:

d – diameter of circle;

a – side of square (thickness of strip),

δ – width of strip

b – side of sample;

c – height of sample.

2. For inspection of rolled product of hexagonal cross section of shape of samples and plane of

cross section are selected by the same principle, as for rolled product of round or square

cross section.

3. Sample is cut out at distance not less than 20 mm from the end face of bar, strip.

4. Planes of polished sections on the diagrams are shaded.

5. While cutting out of samples for polished sections from bars having diameter from 26 mm

and more template is cut along its diameter.

6. For checking of cementite matrix samples are hardened from temperature, shown in

table 5 of the given standard.

7. Samples are grinded and polished by usual methods, which are used in enterprises while

manufacturing polished micro sections.

8. Pickling of polished sections is done in solution with volume concentration 0.04 cm3/cm3 of

nitric acid in ethyl alcohol.

9. Magnification, in which microstructure is evaluated, is tentative. Depending upon the

magnification of microscope, it is permitted inspected the pearlite and cementite grid with a

increase 450-600.

25

GOST 1435 – 90 Page 24 APPENDIX 5 Compulsory

SCALE FOR VALUATION OF HARDENABILITY OF TOOL UNALLOYED STEEL

Note.

1. Holding time after warm up: 20 minutes at temperature 760 and 800 oC and 15 minutes – at

temperature 840 oC.

2. Number of hardenability is determined as per depth of hardenability in millimeters, which is

denoted over fractures of samples, which are hardened from temperature 800 oC.

3. In the document about quality is shown number of hardenability and character of fractures,

example, “ Number II while hardening from 760, 800, 840oC tensile center”.