MODEL TEST 1SECTION 1 T i m e 3 0 Minutes 38 Questions Directions: Each sentence below has one or two blanks, each blank indicating that something has been omitted. Beneath the sentence are five lettered words or sets of words. Choose the word or set of words for each blank that best fits the meaning of the sentence as a whole.-

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6. Rather than portraying Joseph I1 as a radical reformer whose reign was strikingly enlightened, the play Amadeus depicts him as ------- thinker, too wedded to orthodox theories of musical composition to appreciate an artist of Mozart's genius.(A) a revolutionary (B) an idiosyncratic (C) a politic (D) a doctrinaire (E) an iconoclastic

I . To the cynic, there are no wholly altruistic, unselfish acts; every human deed is ------- an ulterior selfish motive. (A) (B) (C) (D) (E) independent of emulated by disguised as founded upon similar to

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2. Like the theory of evolution, the big-bang model of the universe's formation has undergone modification and --- - - -- , but it has ------- all serious challenges. (A) alteration.. .confirmed (B) refinement.. .resisted (C) transformation. . .ignored (D) evaluation. . .acknowledged (E) refutation. . .misdirected

7. While ------- in his own approach to philosophy, the scholar was, illogically, ------- his colleagues who averred that a seeker of knowledge must be free to select such doctrines as pleased him in every school.(A) indiscriminate. . .supportive of (B) eclectic. . .intolerant of (C) speculative.. .cordial to (D) problematical.. .dismissive of (E) theoretic.. .impatient with

3. We have in America a ------- speech that is neither American, Oxford English, nor colloquial English, but ---- - -- of all three.(A) (B) (C) (D) (E) motley. . .an enhancement hybrid.. .a combination nasal.. .a blend mangled.. .a medley formal. . .a patchwork

Directions: In each of the following questions, a related pair of words or phrases is followed by five lettered pairs of words or phrases. Select the lettered pair that best expresses a relationship similar to that expressed in the original pair. 8. FANS : BLEACHERS:: (A) cheerleaders : pompoms (B) audience : seats (C) team : goalposts (D) conductor : podium (E) referee : decision

4. It has been said that printing does as much harm as good, since it gives us bad books as well as good ones and ------- falsehood and error no less than ----- - -

(A) (B) (C) (D) (E)

displays. . .folly flaunts. . .ignorance betrays. . .treachery demonstrates.. .pedantry propagates.. .knowledge

5. A university training enables a graduate to see things as they are, to go right to the point, to disentangle a ------- of thought. (A) (B) (C) (D) (E)line strand mass plethora skein

9. AUGER : BORE:: (A) awl : flatten (B) bit : grind (C) plane : smooth (D) scythe : mash (E) mallet : pierce10. SCURRY : MOVE:: (A) chant : sing (B) chatter : talk (C) carry : lift (D) sleep : drowse (E) limp : walk

426 Model Test 1

11. CHAMELEON : HERPETOLOGIST:: (A) fungi : ecologist (B) salmon : ichthyologist (C) mongoose : ornithologist (D) oriole : virologist (E) aphid : etymologist

14. SARTORIAL : TAILOR:: (A) pictorial : spectator (B) thespian : designer (C) histrionic : singer (D) rhetorical : questioner (E) terpsichorean : dancer

12. SONG : CYCLE:: I M I (A) waltz : dance (B) tune : arrangement (C) sonnet : sequence (D) agenda : meeting (E) cadenza : aria13. OBDURATE : FLEXIBILITY: : (A) accurate : perception (B) turbid : roughness (C) principled : fallibility (D) diaphanous : transparency (E) adamant : submissiveness

15. SKIRT : ISSUE:: (A) vest : interest (B) rig : wager (C) dodge : encounter (D) sweep : election (E) mask : purpose16. FEUD : ACRIMONY:: (A) scuffle : confusion (B) crusade : heresy (C) duel : brevity (D) scrimmage : sparring (E) siege : vulnerability

Directions: Each passage in this group is followed by questions based on its content. After reading a passage, choose the best answer to each question. Answer all questions following a passage on the basis of what is stated or implied in the passage. (This passage was written prior to 1950.)

In the long run a government will always encroach upon freedom to the extent to which it has the power to do so; this is almost a natural law of politics, since, whatever the intentions of the people who exercise political power, the sheer momentum of government leads to a constant pressure upon the liberties of the citizen. But in many countries society has responded by throwing up its own defenses in the shape of social classes or organized corporations which, enjoying economic power and popular support, have been able to set limits to the scope of action of the executive. Such, for example, in England was the origin of all our liberties-won from government by the stand first of the feudal nobility, then of churches and political parties, and latterly of trade unions, commercial organizations, and the societies for promoting various causes. Even in European lands which were arbitrarily ruled, the powers of the monarchy, though absolute in theory, were in their exercise checked in a similar fashion. Indeed the fascist dictatorships of today are the first truly tyrannical governments which Western Europe has known for centuries, and they have been rendered possible only because on coming to power they destroyed all forms of social organization which were in any way rivals to the state.-

According to the passage, the natural relationship between government and individual liberty is one of (A) (B) (C) (D) (E) marked indifference secret collusion inherent opposition moderate complicity fundamental interdependence

El

19. Fascist dictatorships differ from monarchies of recent times in (A) (B) (C) (D) (E) setting limits to their scope of action effecting results by sheer momentum rivaling-the state in power exerting constant pressure on liberties eradicating people's organizations

20. The passage suggests which of the following about (M1 fascist dictatorships? (A) They represent a more efficient form of the executive. (B) Their rise to power came about through an accident of history. (C) They mark a regression to earlier despotic forms of government. (D) Despite superficial dissimilarities, they are in essence like absolute monarchies. (E) They maintain their dominance by rechanneling opposing forces in new directions.

17. The passage can most accurately be described as a r?) discussion of the (A) (B) (C) (D) (E) limited powers of monarchies ideal of liberal government functions of trade unions ruthless methods of dictators safeguards of individual liberty

Model Test 1 427

Yet, while Darwinian theory extends its domain, some of its cherished postulates are slipping, or at least losing their generality. The "modem synthesis:' the contemporary version of Darwinism that (5) has reigned for thirty years, took the model of adaptive gene substitution within local populations as an adequate account, by accumulation and extension, of life's entire history. The model may work well in its empirical domain of minor, local, adap(10) tive adjustment; populations of the moth Biston betularia did turn black, by substitution of a single gene, as a selected response for decreased visibility on trees that had been blackened by industrial soot. But is the origin of a new species simply this pro(15) cess extended to more genes and greater effect? Are larger evolutionary trends within major lineages just a further accumulation of sequential adaptive changes? Many evolutionists (myself included) are begin(20) ning to challenge this synthesis and to assert the hierarchical view that different levels of evolutionary change often reflect different kinds of causes. Minor adjustment within populations may be sequential and adaptive. But speciation may occur by (25) major chromosomal changes that establish sterility with other species for reasons unrelated to adaptation. Evolutionary trends may represent a kind of higher-level selection upon essentially static species themselves, not the slow and steady alteration of a (30) single large population through untold ages. Before the modem synthesis, many biologists (see Bateson, 1922, in bibliography) expressed confusion and depression because the proposed mechanisms of evolution at different levels seemed (35) contradictory enough to preclude a unified science. After the modem synthesis, the notion spread (amounting almost to a dogma among its less thoughtful lieutenants) that all evolution could be reduced to the basic Darwinism of gradual, adap(40) tive change within local populations. I think that we are now pursuing a fruitful path between the anarchy of Bateson's day and the restriction of view imposed by the modem synthesis. The modem synthesis works in its appropriate arena, but the same (45) Darwinian processes of mutation and selection may operate in strikingly different ways at higher domains in a hierarchy of evolutionary levels. I think that we may hope for uniformity of causal agents, hence a single, general theory with a Darwinian (50) core. But we must reckon with a multiplicity of mechanisms that preclude the explanation of higher level phenomena by the model of adaptive gene substitution favored for the lowest level. At the basis of all this ferment lies nature's irre(55) ducible complexity. Organisms are not billiard balls, propelled by simple and measurable external forces to predictable new positions on life's pool table. Sufficiently complex systems have greater richness. Organisms have a history that constrains (60) their future in myriad, subtle ways. Their complexity of form entails a host of functions incidental to whatever pressures of natural selection superintended the initial construction. Their intricate and largely unknown pathways of embryonic develop(65) ment guarantee that simple inputs (minor changes

in timing, for example) may be translated into marked and surprising changes in output (the adult organism). Charles Darwin chose to close his great book (70) with a striking comparison that expresses this richness. He contrasted the simpler system of planetary motion, and its result of endless, static cycling, with the complexity of life and its wondrous and unpredictable change through the ages:

(75)

(80)

There is grandeur in this view of life, with its several powers, having been originally breathed into a few forms or into one; and that, whilst this planet has gone cycling on according to the fixed law of gravity, from so simple a beginning endless forms most beautiful and most wonderful have been, and are being, evolved.

2 1. According to the author, many contemporary evolutionists find the Darwinian synthesis (A) (B) (C) (D) (E) wholly unfounded overly restrictive essentially contradictory sadly confusing strikingly productive

22. In asserting the complexity of nature, the author refers to billiard balls on life's pool table (lines 55-58) as (A) an illustration of the unpredictable changes of nature (B) an instance of confusion and mobility (C) an example of a relatively uncomplicated system (D) an application of the fixed law of gravity (E) an accurate model of genetic change 23. It can be inferred that the paragraph immediately (MI preceding this passage most likely discussed (A) the absence of a unified theory of evolution (B) individuals challenging the Darwinian synthesis (C) the expansion of evolutionary theory into new realms (D) experimental methods of genetic substitution (E) the place of genetics in the study of natural history 24. With which of the following statements regarding [M Charles Darwin would the author be most likely to agree? I. Darwin left his early successors in some confusion as to the universal applicability of his evolutionary theory. 11. Darwin experienced periods of despondency caused by the thoughtlessness of his lieutenants. 111. Darwin contrasted the simplicity and calculability of planetary cycles favorably to the diversity and unpredictability of living creatures. (A) I only (B) I11 only (C) I and I1 only (D) I and I11 only (E) I, 11, and I11

428 Model Test 1

25. The author does all of the following EXCEPT denounce an adversary pose a question provide an example use a metaphor refer to an authority 26. Which of the following phrases from the passage best categorizes the transformation undergone by certain members of Biston betularia?(A) (B) (C) (D) (E)-

-

3 1. ESTRANGE: (A) reconcile (B) feign (C) perplex (D) arbitrate (E) commiserate32. SPURIOUS: (A) cautious (B) fantastic (C) modest (D) genuine (E) pertinent

(A) "larger evolutionary trends within major lineages" (line 16) (B) "minor adjustment within populations" (line 23) (C) "higher-level selection" (line 28) (D) "irreducible complexity" (lines 54-55) (E) "endless, static cycling" (lines 72-73) 27. The passage supplies information for answering which of the following questions?(A) How did the modem synthesis contradict basic Darwinism? (B) What effect did industrial pollution have on certain moth populations? (C) How did Bateson's theories anticipate the ideas of the modem synthesis? (D) What sort of living creature is most likely to evolve into a new species? (E) Are instances of speciation less common than the modem synthesis would indicate?

33. PROVIDENT: (A) manifest (B) prodigal (C) thankful (D) tidy (E) refuted34. CAPITULATE: (A) initiate (B) defame (C) exonerate (D) resist (E) repeat 35. INDIGENOUS: (A) affluent (B) parochial (C) alien (D) serene (E) inimical-

Directions: Each question below consists of a word printed in capital letters, followed by five lettered words or phrases. Choose the lettered word or phrase that is most nearly opposite in meaning to the words in capital letters. Since some of the questions require you to distinguish fine shades of meaning, be sure to consider all the choices before deciding which one is best. 28. DISREGARD: (A) admit (B) evade (C) heed (D) improve (E) prevent 29. VERACITY: (A) uncertainty (B) mendacity (C) plausibility (D) intuition (E) opposition 30. BEDECK: (A) erect (B) awake (C) isolate (D) cleanse (E) strip

36. SALUBRITY: (A) unwholesomeness (B) insolvency (C) dissatisfaction (D) diffidence (E) rigidity

37. QUAIL: (A) hover (B) tolerate (C) arouse enmity (D) become resolute (E) abstain from action38. TANTAMOUNT: (A) not negotiable (B) not equivalent (C) not ambitious (D) not evident (E) not relevant

S T O P

IF YOU FINISH BEFORE TIME IS CALLED, YOU MAY CHECK YOUR WORK ON THIS SECTION ONLY. DO NOT WORK ON ANY OTHER SECTION IN THE TEST.

Model Test 1

429

SECTION 2 Time-30 Minutes 38 Questions Directions: Each sentence below has one or two blanks, each blank indicating that something has been omitted. Beneath the sentence are five lettered words or sets of words. Choose the word or set of words for each blank that best fits the meaning of the sentence as a whole.

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6. It is somewhat paradoxical that, nine times out of ten, the coarse word is the word that ------- an evil and the ------- word is the word that excuses it.(A) (B) (C) (D) (E) condemns. . .refined exonerates.. .vulgar contradicts.. .crass condones. . .genteel admits ...clever

1. The simplest animals are those whose bodies are simplest in structure and which do the things done by all living animals, such as eating, breathing, moving, and feeling, in the most ------- way.

rn

(A) (B) (C) (D) (E)

haphazard bizarre primitive advantageous unique

7. It has been Virginia Woolf's peculiar destiny to be declared annoyingly feminine by male critics at the same time that she has been ------- by women interested in the sexual revolution as not really eligible to be ------- their ranks. (A) (B) (C) (D) (E) lauded.. .enlisted in emulated.. .counted among neglected. . .helpful to dismissed.. .drafted into excoriated. . .discharged from

2. Although weeks remain for concessions to be made and for new approaches to be attempted, negotiations have reached such a state that management and union leaders are ------- that their differences can no longer be reconciled.

(A) encouraged (B) bewildered (C) apprehensive (D) relieved (E) skeptical 3. Not only the ------- are fooled by propaganda; we can all be misled if we are not -------. (A) (B) (C) (D) (E) ignorant. . .cynical gullible.. .wary credulous. . .headstrong illiterate ...mature fatuous. . .intelligent

Directions: In each of the following auestions. a related u pair of words or phrases is followed by five lettered pairs of words or phrases. Select the lettered pair that best expresses a relationship similar to that expressed in the original pair.A

8. DROPCLOTH : FURNITURE:: (A) banner : flagpole (B) towel : rack (C) pillow : bedding (D) curtain : theatre (E) apron : clothing9. ARCHIPELAGO : ISLAND:: (A) arbor : bower (R) garden : flower (C) mountain : valley (D) sand : dune (E) constellation : star

4. When those whom he had injured accused him of being a ------- , he retorted curtly that he had never been a quack.

(A) (B) (C) (D) (E)

libertine sycophant charlatan plagiarist reprobate

5. There is an essential ------- in human gestures. and when someone raises the palms of hichands ' together, we do not know whether it is to bury himself in prayer or to throw himself into the sea.(A) economy (B) dignity (C) insincerity (D) reverence (E) ambiguity

10. CROW : BOASTFUL:: (A) smirk : witty (B) conceal : sly (C) pout : sulky (D) blush : coarse (E) bluster : unhappy1 1. ASCETIC : SELF-DENIAL:: (A) nomad : dissipation (B) miser : affluence (C) zealot : fanaticism (D) renegade : loyalty (E) athlete : stamina

430

Model Test 1

12. CAMOUFLAGE : DISCERN:: (A) encipher : comprehend (B) adorn : admire (C) magnify : observe (D) renovate : construct (E) embroider : unravel 13. SEER : PROPHECY:: (A) mentor : reward (B) sage : wisdom (C) pilgrim : diligence (D) diplomat : flattery (E) virtuoso : penance 14. BRACKET : SHELF:: (A) hammer : anvil (B) girder : rivet (C) strut : rafter (D) valve : pipe (E) bucket : well

15. TAXONOMY : CLASSIFICATION:: (A) etymology : derivation (B) autonomy : authorization (C) economy : rationalization (D) tautology : justification (E) ecology : urbanization16. BRUSQUE : UNCEREMONIOUSNESS:: (A) audacious : trepidation (B) obstinate : intractability (C) pert : improvidence (D) curt : loquacity (E) officious : inattentiveness

Directions: Each passage in this group is followed by questions based on its content. After reading a passage, choose the best answer to each question. Answer all questions following a passage on the basis of what is stated or implied in the passage. As the works of dozens of women writers have been rescued from what E.P. Thompson calls "the enormous condescension of posterity ," and considered in relation to each other, the lost continent of (5) the female tradition has risen like Atlantis from the sea of English literature. It is now becoming clear that, contrary to Mill's theory, women have had a literature of their own al! along. The woman novelist, according to Vineta Colby , was "really neither (10) single nor anomalous," but she was also more than a "register and spokesman for her age." She was part of a tradition that had its origins before her age, and has carried on through our own. Many literary historians have begun to reinter( 15) pret and revise the study of women writers. Ellen Moers sees women's literature as an international movement, "apart from, but hardly subordinate to the mainstream: an undercurrent, rapid and powerful. This 'movement' began in the late eighteenth (20) century, was multinational, and produced some of the greatest literary works of two centuries, as well as most of the lucrative pot-boilers." Patricia Meyer Spacks, in The Female Imaginatiorl, finds that "for readily discernible historical reasons (25) women have characteristically concerned themselves with matters more or less peripheral to male concerns, or at least slightly skewed from them. The differences between traditional female preoccupations and roles and male ones make a differ(30) ence in female writing ." Many other critics are beginning to agree that when we look at women writers collectively we can see an imaginative continuum, the recurrence of certain patterns, themes, problems, and images from generation to (35) generation. This book is an effort to describe the female literary tradition in the English novel from the generation of the Brontes to the present day, and to show how the development of this tradition is similar to (40) the development of any literary subculture. Women have generally been regarded as "sociological chameleons," taking on the class, lifestyle, and culture of their male relatives. It can, however, be argued that women themselves have constituted a subcul(45) ture within the framework of a larger society, and have been unified by values, conventions, experiences, and behaviors impinging on each individual. It is important to see the female literary tradition in these broad terms, in relation to the wider evolu(50) tion of women's self-awareness and to the ways any minority group finds its direction of selfexpression relative to a dominant society, because we cannot show a pattern of deliberate progress and accumulation. It is true, as Ellen Moers writes, (55) that "women studied with a special closeness the works written by their own sex"; in terms of influences, borrowings, and affinities, the tradition is strongly marked. But it is also full of holes and hiatuses, because of what Germaine Greer calls the (60) "phenomenon of the transience of female literary fame"; "almost uninterruptedly since the Interregnum, a small group of women have enjoyed dazzling literary prestige during their own lifetimes; only to vanish without trace from the records of (65) posterity." Thus each generation of women writers has found itself, in a sense, without a history, forced to rediscover the past anew, forging again and again the consciousness of their sex. Given this perpetual disruption, and also the self-hatred that (70) has alienated women writers from a sense of collective identity, it does not seem possible to speak of a movement.

Model Test 1

431

17. The author of this Dassage i m ~ l i e that a significant s u element furthering'the woman writer's awareness of a female literary tradition is her

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u

A

23. It can be inferred from the passage that the author considers Moers' work to be(A) fallacious and misleading (B) scholarly and definitive (C) admirable, but inaccurate in certain of its conclusions (D) popular, but irrelevant to mainstream female literary criticism (E) idiosyncratic, but of importance historically-

(A) (B) (C) (D)

vulnerability to male deprecation assimilation of the values of her subculture rejection of monetary gain as an acceptable goal ability to adopt the culture of the dominant society (E) sense that fame and prestige are evanescent

18. In the second paragraph of the passage the author's attitude toward the literary critics cited can best be described as one of

24. Which of the following would be the most appropriate title for the passage? (A) A Unique Phenomenon: Nineteenth and Twentieth Century Feminine Literary Movements (B) A Literature of Their Own: The Female Literary Tradition (C) Adaptive Coloration: Feminine Adoption of Masculine Cultural Criteria (D) The Emergence of the Contemporary Women's Novel (E) Fame Versus Fortune: The Dilemma of the Woman Writer

(A) (B) (C) (D) (E)

irony ambivalence disparagement receptiveness awe

19. The passage supplies information for answering which of the following questions?(A) Does the author believe the female literary tradition to be richer in depth than its masculine counterpart? (B) Are women psychological as well as sociological chameleons? (C) Does Moers share Greer's concern over the ephemeral nature of female literary renown? (D) What patterns, themes, images, and problems recur sufficiently in the work of women writers to belong to the female imaginative continuum? (E) Did Mills acknowledge the existence of a separate female literary tradition?

(5)

20. The passage suggests that it might be possible to speak of an actual female literary movement were it not for (A) (B) (C) (D) (E) masculine suppression of feminist criticism female lack of artistic autonomy the ephemeral nature of female literary renown the absence of proper contemporary role models female rejection of disruptive male influences

(10)

(15)

2 1. In the first paragraph, the author makes use of all the following techniques EXCEPT extended metaphor enumeration and classification classical allusion direct quotation comparison and contrast Which of the following words could best be substituted for "forging" (line 67) without substantially changing the author's meaning?(A) (B) (C) (D)

(20)

counterfeiting creating exploring diverting (E) straining

(35)

The classical idea of matter was something with solidity and mass, like wet stone dust pressed in a fist. If matter was composed of atoms, then the atoms too must have solidity and mass. At the beginning of the twentieth century the atom was imagined as a tiny billiard ball or a granite pebble writ small. Then, in the physics of Niels Bohr, the miniature billiard ball became something akin to a musical instrument, a finely tuned Stradivarius 10 billion times smaller than the real thing. With the advent of quantum mechanics, the musical instrument gave way to pure music. On the atomic scale, the solidity and mass of matter dissolved into something light and airy. Suddenly physicists were describing atoms in the vocabulary of the composer "resonance :' "frequency :'"harmony :' "scale :' Atomic electrons sang in choirs like seraphim, cherubim, thrones, and dominions. Classical distinctions between matter and light became muddled. In the new physics, light bounced about like particles, and matter undulated in waves like light. In recent decades, physicists have uncovered elegant subatomic structures in the music of matter. They use a strange new language to describe the subatomic world: quark, squark, gluon, gauge, technicolor, flavor, strangeness, charm. There are up quarks and down quarks, top quarks and bottom quarks. There are particles with truth and antitruth, and there 'are particles with naked beauty. The simplest of the constituents of ordinary matter - the proton, for instance - has taken on the character of a Bach fugue, a four-point counterpoint of matter, energy, space, and time. At matter's heart there are arpeggios, chromatics, syncopation. On the lowest rung of the chain of being, Creation dances.

432

Model Test 1

IMI

25. Which of the following would be the most appropriate title for the passage? (A) Linguistic Implications of Particle Physics (B) The Influence of Music on Particle Interactions (C) Matter's Transformation: The Music of Subatomic Physics (D) Trends in Physics Research: Eliminating the Quark (E) The Impossible Dream: Obstacles to Proving the Existence of Matter 26. The author refers to "quarks:' "squarks" and "charms" (lines 25-26) primarily in order to (A) demonstrate the similarity between these particles and earlier images of the atom (B) make a distinction between appropriate and inappropriate terms (C) object to theoretical suggestions of similar frivolous names (D) provide examples of idiosyncratic nomenclature in contemporary physics (E) cite preliminary experimental evidence supporting the existence of subatomic matter

30. PROSAIC: (A) imaginative (B) contradictory (C) hesitant (D) redundant (E) disorderly

B

3 1. DISSONANCE: (A) amalgamation (B) harmony (C) neutrality (D) resolution (E) proximity 32. DOLTISH: (A) immature (B) coarse (C) clever (D) stable (E) genial 33. CHAGRIN: (M( (A) frown (B) disguise (C) make indifferent (D) make aware (E) please 34. DISINGENUOUS: (A) naive (B) accurate (C) hostile (D) witty (E) polite 35. RECALCITRANCE: (A) dependability (B) submissiveness (C) apathy (D) incongruity (E) eloquence36. FECUNDITY: (A) consideration (B) comprehensibility (C) barrenness (D) gravity (E) sanity

B

27. The author's tone in the second paragraph can best be described as one of (A) (B) (C) (D) (E) sympathetic concern moderate indignation marked derision admiring enthusiasm qualified skepticism

Directions: Each question below consists of a word printed in capital letters, followed by five lettered words or phrases. Choose the lettered word or phrase that is most nearly opposite in meaning to the word in capital letters. Since some of the questions require you to distinguish fine shades of meaning, be sure to consider all the choices before deciding which one is best. 28. RECTIFY: (A) apologize (B) sanctify (C) make worse (D) rule illegal (E) rebuke29. APEX: E (A) smallest amount (B) clearest view (C) lowest point (D) broad plateau (E) bright color

37. LUGUBRIOUS : (A) transparent (B) sedulous (C) soporific (D) jocose (E) querulous 38. ANIMUS: (A) hospitality (B) probity (C) anonymity (D) amity (E) insularity

S T O PIF YOU FINISH BEFORE TIME IS CALLED, YOU MAY CHECK YOUR WORK ON THIS SECTION ONLY. DO NOT WORK ON ANY OTHER SECTION IN THE TEST.

Model Test 1

433

SECTION 3 T i m e 3 0 minutes 30 Questions Numbers: Figures:All numbers used are real numbers.

Position of points, angles, regions, etc., can be assumed to be in the order shown; and angle measures can be assumed to be positive. Lines shown as straight can be assumed to be straight. Figures can be assumed to lie in a plane unless otherwise indicated. Figures that accompany questions are intended to provide information useful in answering the questions. However, unless a note states that a figure is drawn to scale, you should solve these problems NOT by estimating sizes by sight or by measurement, but by using your knowledge of mathematics (see Example 2 below).

Directions: Each of the Questions 1- 15 consists of two quantities, one in Column A and one in Column B. You are to compare the two quantities and chooseA B C D

if the quantity in Column A is greater; if the quantity in Column B is greater; if the two quantities are equal; if the relationship cannot be determined from the information given.

Note:

Since there are only four choices, NEVER MARK (E).

Common Information: In a question. information concerning one or both of the quantities to be compared is centered above the two columns. A symbol that appears in both columns represents the same thing in Column A as it does in Column B. Column A Example 1: Examples 2-4 refer to PQR.R

Column B

Sample Answers

(since equal measures cannot be assumed, even though PN and NQ appear equal) Example 3:

0 0 0 O (since N is between P and Q) 6 9 . O(since PQ is a straight line)

Example 4:

434

Model Test 1

A if the quantity in Column A is greater; B if the quantity in Column B is greater; C if the two quantities are equal; D if the relationship cannot be determined from the information given. Column A Column B Column A

Column B

Side AB of square ABCD is 2 feet. Perimeter of ABCD Area of ABCD

Note: Not drawn to scale. The perimeters of all the polygons are equal.

O LABD (the exterior angle of a triangle is greater than either remote interior angle); LADC > LACD (since LACD = LABD); AC > AD (In a triangle the larger side is opposite the larger angle.)

I11 is not correct. The weight of the blood in the average adult is half the weight of the skeleton. 22. A. Set up a proportion. Let x = total body weight in terms of g.weight of skeleton total body weight-

10.000 grams 70,000 grams

g --

x

23. E.1 18. C. Examine the problem graphically. - of 12 (or 2 6) belong to Club A, but note that 3 of these 1 belong to both A and B. - of 12 (or 4) belong 3 to Club B, but of these 3 also belong to Club A. We have thus accounted for 7 men who are club members. Therefore, 5 men belong to neither club.

1000 - part 2500 entire

2-2 - - - - of -

5

5

360" = 144"

24. C.

part - 400 - 4 - - = 16% whole 2,500 25

25. D. Output through kidneys = 1500 cc. (Graph 11) Intake in fluids = 1500 cc. (Graph I)

19. B. Since d > 7, the charge for the first week, c cents, must be paid plus f cents for each additional day. The number of days over and above 1 week = (d - 7). The charge for these days is f (d - 7). Total cost = c+f(d-7).

26. B. a eggs must weigh ab ounces. Minimum weight for all c eggs = cd ounces. Minimum weight for all f eggs = fg ounces. Minimum weight of all eggs = ab + cd + fg.

Model Test 1

461

27. C. There is a direct proportion between the two types of tumblers. 3 large tumblers 5 small tumblers1 large tumbler x small tumblers

30. A.

Minimum crates = 3 Minimum weight = 125 pounds 3 x 125 = 375 pounds

Section 41. C. Let x = the price of the item. 0.8+8 = x ~ 8 x + 80 = lox 80 = 2x X - 40

2. C. Since this is a parallelogram, EH = FG.- - 3 . B. Column A: 2 + 3 - -5 I- 2

3+4 - 7 3 --- -1 Column B: Since 1 - is greater than 1 - , choice B is 4 3 correct .J

L

28. B.

L 1 = L 2 (Vertical angles are equal .)

&EB

is similar to 1 CD - 4 or 1 -Since AB - 8 2, - 2' Let .r = CE. Lety = EB. . . r 1 and 2.r = y. Since Then $ = 2H

m.

4. C. The area of ABCD = (BC) ( D O or (2%) ( l o ) or 2%. The area of the circle = nr2. Since the diameter = 10, the radius = 5 and the area = nr2, or 2%.

and x

=

(CE)= 4,

In right triangle CED, leg CDleg CE =

6. A. (-3)9 has a negative value (Column B) (-3)8 has a positive value (Column A)

7.3

By the Pythagorean theorem

7. C. If the arithmetic mean of b and c is 60, then b + c = 120. Therefore a = 180 - 120 or 60.8. B. The value of r i s between-2 and-9. For any of these values r7 would be negative. For 1 1 1 example, if r = -2, then - or 7 r -128 128' For any of these values for r, r6 would have a positive value. For example, if r = -2, then 1 -- 1 r 64 1 1 . ->64 128

26 If ED = -3- then AE = 7. 39 - - 13. Therefore AD =13

9. C. x ? = xv. Divide by x and x = v.d@

11. C. Radii OD and OC are equal legs of right triangle DOC. Area of DOC = - (leg)(leg) =3 L

1

29. A.

Note that 7 students take both subjects. 20 students take chemistry only and 15 students take physics only. The ratio of those taking physics 15 3 only to those taking chemistry only is or ;?-

12.5 or (leg)2 = 25. Therefore, leg = 5. Since leg (or radius) equals 5 . the area of the circle equals 25n.

462

Model Test 1

L 1 cLd e L 12. D. may be larger than, smaller 3 3 3 or c d e cde than, or equal to cde depending upon the

values of c, d, and e.13. A. Because b = 125, x = 55, and y = 180 - (55 + 70) or 180 - 125 or 55, therefore c = 180 - 55 or 125 and a = 180 - 70 or 110. Thus c > a, and choice A is correct.14. C. Themeasureof LACB= 180"- 125" or55". The measure of LBAC = 180" - 110" or 70". The measure of LABC = 180" - (55" + 70") or 55". Because angles B and C have equal measures, AB = AC.15. A. Measure of LABC = 80". Measure of LCAB = 180" - (80" + 30") or 70". 1 Therefore a = 35 and b = - (80) or 40.

gallon = 4 gallons = 1 quart = 16 quarts or, 64 half pints = 16 quarts= 1

4 quarts 16 quarts 2 pints 32 pints

20. C. Since ABC is equilateral, the measure of LBAC = 60 and of ACB = 60.53+xX

= 60

72-y x+y-y Y

Therefore d = 180 - (35

+ 40) or 105.

- 7 =60 - -12 - 12 - 19

16. B. To compare fractions, change all fractions to

fractions with the same numerator or denominator.

21. E. Using a straightedge at the lowest line of the

table, read the figure under the column marked15. 22. D. In the body of the table, find the payment $50.00, and note that it is to the right of the $5000 row and under the 18-year column. 23. C. In the table, find the row for $5000. Then note that the payment for a 17-year loan is $5 1.07

1 - has the largest denominator. 8 17. C.

number of girls - part of class made total number of students up of girls*

per month, while an 18-year loan requires a payment of $50.00 per month. The difference is $1.07 per month.24. B. The monthly payment is $10.00.

18. D. L 1 + L 4 = 180" 145" + L 4 = 180" L 4 = 35" L 2 + L 5 = 180" 125" + L 5 = 180" L 5 = 55" L 4 + L 5 + L 3 = 180"

25. D. At $10.00 a month, or $120.00 per year, the total payments for 18 years would.amount to

(the sum of the angles of a triangle equals180") 35" + 55" L 3 = 90"

+ L 3 = 180"

Model Test 1

463

Section 5

1-4.

It would be helpful to make a chart to summarize the information:

26. D. Since BE = AE, the measure of LBAE = ABE = 50. In triangle BAE, the measure of LAEB = 180 - 100 = 80. Since BE II CD, the measure of LADC = the measure of LAEB = 80.

1

RouteTunnel

I10

Miles

I

Toll

I

$1.00 + 10e each additional passenger 1Highway 150 (30 to B, 20 to C) None

I

1. A.

28. C.

First mixture (334) (2 pounds) (244) (1 pound)

= =

664 244 904 is cost of 3 pounds or 304 is cost of 1 pound. 2. D.

The mileage from City B to City C is 20 miles on the highway. The other choices would mean going to City A (30 miles) and then taking either the tunnel (10 miles) or the bridge (20 miles).

334 484 814 is cost of 3 pounds or 274 is cost of 1 pound. The shop will save 3$ per pound or $3 .OO for 100 pounds.= =

Second mixture (33$)(1 pound) (24$) (2 pounds)

The mileage on the toll-free highway from City A to City B is 30 miles. The other choices involve going to City C by bridge or tunnel, then from City C for 20 miles to City B.

3. C.

Let x = number of minutes allowed for each of the questions other than the mathematics problems. Then 2x = number of minutes allowed for each mathematics problem. (50)(2x) or lOOx = number of minutes allowed for all mathematics problems. (150)(x) or 150x = number of minutes allowed for all other questions. lOOx + 150x = total time = 3 hours = 180 minutes 1OOx + 150x = 180 250x = 180 180 lOOx = 250 100

The difference in cost between the bridge toll and the tunnel toll is negligible considering the possible docking of pay due to lateness. Therefore, the most important factor would be traffic conditions, which could cause delays.

4. E.

=

72 minutes

Generally speaking, the extra 25$ for using the tunnel would be worth the cost to save the extra 10 miles when crossing the bridge, so IV is not a chief factor. Whether a commuter lived on the outskirts of the city or in its center would affect only the choice of local roads to get to one of the main arteries, so I11 is not a main consideration. Traffic and road conditions, however, can be expected to influence a driver to choose one means over the other, since delays can cause lateness (I). Also, if the car has many passengers, at lo$ a passenger, there could be a possible saving in using the bridge (11). Factors I and I1 are important in choosing between the bridge and the tunnel. The established precedent is the best argument for permitting the church to use the park. The argument in (A) could be used by the church. The correct answer is (B) since there would be some inconvenience to those who are

5. D.

Y

6 . B.

30. A. In AADC, since the measure of LA = 30 and the measure of L C = 80, then the measure of LADC = 70 and its supplement LFDB = 110. Then the measure of LBFD = 30 which = LA FE (vertical angles).

464

Model Test 1

not members of that church. We cannot assume that the church meeting would be excessively noisy (C). We cannot assume that the church people will leave litter to be cleaned up (E)* The original statement is a conclusion. The correct answer is the argument from which it can be drawn; that is, choice D. If Wilbur were six feet tall or less, he would be seated in the first row. He is not in the first row; therefore, he is not six feet tall or less. (If P, then Q. Not Q; therefore, not P.) We can draw no conclusions from any of the other choices; They all allow the possibility that Wilbur is only 5'11" tall (or 3'11" tall, for that matter).8- 12.

13. C.

Both parents of a Brown female are Brown, but her father was born Red. Her mother's mother was Brown, and therefore that grandfather was born Red (I); her father's mother was Red (11)' and therefore that grandfather was born Brown (111). Use the following logic: if the parents were born in different groups, and the grandmothers were in the same groups as the parents, the grandfathers must have been in different groups. This male's mother is Brown, and his father was born Red. His mother's unmarried brother is Brown, his father's unmarried brother is Red-not to mention married brothers of his parents! Our friend may only marry a Red woman, and their children will be Red (B, C); any persons the children marry must be born Brown (D, E). A Red female's mother is Red, and the brother, whether unmarried, divorced, or a widower, is also Red. No Red may marry a Red. The Brown male's father was born Red, so his sister is Red (A). The brother of the man born Red (who as a widow, is Red again) was also born Red, so his wife (now his widow) is Brown (C). Any widower has reverted to his original group, while his wife's sister is in the same group as his wife was (D). Any widow's daughter is in her own group, and the ex-husband, having reverted to the group of his birth, will be eligible

14. A.

It would be useful to summarize the information as follows:Large University Small College English Literature Mathematics Natural Sciences LatinJ, K, L

15. B.

M , N , 0 ,P J , 0 ,p K, M L N

(E).8. A.Committee K , L , M has K and M on the same committee (B). J , K , L has no representative from the small college (C). J , 0 ,N commits two errors. It has two representatives from the small college and it has J and 0 on the same committee (D). J , K , M has K and M on the same committee (E).

16. D.

9. B .

K and M both teach mathematics (A). 0 cannotserve with P since they both represent the small college and they both teach English literature (C). J cannot serve with P because they both teach English literature (D). M and N cannot serve with P for they all represent the small college.

The woman's mother has the same group as she; the mother's brother was born into this group, but married into the other and, as a widower (according to the changed rules) remains in the second group, so marriage is possible. The dead sister's husband remains in the same group as the dead sister and is not eligible (A). The daughter is in the mother's group and the ex-husband remains in it and so is not eligible (B). The widower retains his married group; his brother, born in the same group as he was, is in the same married group; so is his daughter, and is not eligible (C). The divorced male now has his ex-wife's group; so does the sister, widowed or otherwise, so no marriage is possible (E). The trick here is to determine the relative positions of the letters on the basis of the clues, just as if this were a puzzle dealing with persons in a line or any similar situation. Questions 17 and 18 can then be answered immediately; Questions 19-22 involve simple arithmetic which is easy once the relative positions of the letters that stand for the integers are known. Start with the most definite statement, that B is the middle term, and diagram it like this:

10. E.

J and P cannot serve on the same committee since they both teach English literature I. If J cannot serve then K and L must serve. If K is serving, M may not represent the small college (11). Since L must serve, (111) is correct.

17-22.

1 1. C.

If L is not available then J and K must serve. Since J is serving neither 0 nor P may serve.

12. E.

(I) is incorrect since N and 0 represent the small college. (11) is correct. M and 0 represent the small college. (111) is correct. When M serves, K may not serve.

The preceding statement, that D is 3 less than

Model Test 1

465

A, gives two possible positions for A (A cannot be where B is or to the left; and it cannot be at the extreme right because then D would be where B is):

23. B.

The third statement, F is as much less than B as C is greater than D, yields three possibilities: F is 1, 2, or 3 less than B. If F is 1 less than B , C is 1 greater than D. This is not possible in either of the two diagrams above. If F is 3 less than B, C is 3 greater than D. This, too, is not possible in either diagram. If F is 2 less than B, C is 2 greater than D. This is not possible in the first diagram, but it is possible in the second. This, then, must be the correct solution. The two end positions must therefore belong to E and G, and the last statement tells you G must be to the right of F. So you have:

Nancy says that what Ellen reports can't be true and offers, as evidence, Julie's high school grades. The assumption must be that no one who got such grades is likely to flunk out of college. Choice A is wrong because Ellen merely reports what she has heard; by disrupting it, Nancy does not brand her a liar. Nor does Ellen necessarily assume that the rumor is true (C). D is wrong because Nancy does not necessarily claim that Julie has not left college -only that she hasn't flunked out. Ellen has only heard something-she knows nothing (E). The president states that any measures required to defeat the "takeover," i.e., to maintain full control, are justified, whether legal or not. This implies D. The president does not say that illegal measures will definitely be required (A) or allege anything about the union (B). He or she states that in this case the workers are trying to take control; E is an unsupported generalization. The president's statements establish only what the president advocates, not what he or she and the Board of Directors will actually do if the union wins (C). Given the statement "If P, then Q," the only other statement that can be validly deduced from it is "If not Q, then not I?" In this instance, P = presentation of a purple pass; Q = permission to enter the compound. Consequently, only statement I11 may be validly inferred. You cannot validly deduce "If not P, then not Q" (statement I) or "If Q, then P" (statement 11).

24. D.

E F D B C A - - - - - - G 'l'he questions are now easy. 17. B. 18. D.

25. C.

By inspection of the diagram.According to the diagram, A is 4 greater than F, and D is 4 less than G.

19. B . Given a value for any of the letters, you can find the values of all the others. If A = 7, E = 2 and G = 8. Their sum is 10. Be careful that you don't assume that A = 7 in the other questions. That is given for this question only. 20. D. You might choose E on the reasoning that, if no value is given for any letter, no numerical value can be found for A - F. But this is wrong. You can tell that A is 4 greater than F. When any number is subtracted from a second number 4 greater than the first number, the result is 4, no matter what the numbers are. C is 4 greater than E, so T is 4 greater than C. But this means that T is 3 greater than A. If T = A + E a n d T = A + 3 , E = 3 . I f E = 3, D = 5.

Section 61-4. The diagram shown here will make this puzzle much easier to follow.

2 1. D.

22. D.

If the seven integers all fall in the span from 1 to 10, then the highest possible value of C will occur if the seven letters represent the integers 4- 10. In this case, C = 8. The smallest possible value of D will occur if the seven letters represent the integers 1-7. In this case, D = 3, and8 - 3 = 5.

The top row shows the top office holders; the second row shows the deputies; the third row shows the staffs. Note that these relationships are true no matter which office a given party holds.

466

Model Test 1

Check the diagram, or reason as follows: the three Offices must always have two Democratic, two Conservative, and two Justice Party deputies. When the Justice Party holds a top office, one of the deputies in that Office must be a Conservative, so only one of the deputies in the other Offices can be a Conservative. A, B, C, and E all follow logically from the rules and must be true. Check the diagram-but remember that the staffs being asked about are not those under the Democratic President, but those under the Prime Minister, who can belong to either of the other parties. In each of the other Offices, one of the deputies must be a Democratic Party member who can have no Democratic staff members, while the other deputy must have one-half Democratic staff members-for a total of one-fourth the staff members in each office. If the Prime Minister is a Justice Party member, one-half the staff members will be Justice and one-fourth Conservative; if the Prime Minister is Conservative, it will be the other way around. So I must be true, and either I1 or I11 must also be true.

the steering committee has other members besides those who are on the central committee. B says that Elaine must belong to one of the committees, not necessarily to both. D is a weaker version of A; E establishes no link between central committee membership and steering committee membership.

6 . E.

If anyone other than a football player wears a football jersey, the conclusion is not valid; so it is valid only if choice D is true. The other choices establish, in various ways, that football players probably or certainly wear football jerseys, but this does not mean that no one else does.Evidence of original insights (choice E) would best indicate the presence of what the author most stresses: independent critical thinking. Choice A may display ambition on the student's part; choice B evidences mastery of basic verbal skills; choice C shows a willingness to do hard work. But neither choice A, B, nor C is what the author would find most praiseworthy. Choice D is tempting, but simply avoiding cliches and vagueness does not necessarily display independent critical thinking. You could make a calendar for these questions, but it would be very complicated. It's easier just to use the times given to make a table showing which possibilities can be scheduled without conflicts.Days M-F

7. E.

3. B.

This must always be the case. Since the two deputies in any Office must each have a staff composed half of members of the top office holder's party, exactly half the staff members in any Office must always belong to one party. Choice E is, therefore, logically impossible. The rules for deputies and staffs exclude A and C. Exactly one-third of the total staff members in all three Offices must belong to each party (D) The Conservative Chief of Staff has a Justice Department deputy, while the Justice Party Chief of Staff must not; since a Conservative deputy must be brought in, all the Conservative staff members of the fired Justice Party deputy must also be fired; however, the Democratic deputy may retain his or her Conservative staff members, which means only half of the Conservative staff members must be fired. Looking at the diagram, you can see that the Democratic deputy and his or her Justice Party staffers can retain their posts (A); while the Justice deputy must be fired, his or her Democratic staffers can stay (B); the Conservative Chief of Staff had no Conservative deputy (D); one deputy must be fired, but some Conservative staffers may retain their posts (E). The statement given is true only if all members of the set "steering committee members" belong to the set "central committee members. " (In a diagram, steering committee members would be a circle entirely inside a circle representing central committee members. ) Choice A does not rule out the possibility that

8-11.

I Course I I L I IA' A2 C

I

Time Choice 1

I

Time Choice 2

1

I~:OOA.M.-~~:OOA.M.I~:~P.M.-~:~P.M.

4. C.

( M, W, F 1 12:30 P.M.-2:00T-Th M-F

P.M.

I

1

10:30A.M.-12:30 P.M. 4 hours ( 1 session) 2 hours (2 sessions) between 9:00 A.M. between 9:00 A.M. and 4:00 P.M. and 4:00 P.M.

8. D.

The table will tell you that D is impossible; Sanskrit on MWF meets from 10 to 12, which conflicts with Latin. The others are all possible. This leaves the hours from 9 to 2 on Tuesday and Thursday free for Celtic Literature. Tom can schedule a 4-hour session at either 9 or 10 on either day (four possibilities), or two-hour sessions starting at 9, 10, 11, or 12 on Tuesday and Thursday (sixteen possible schedules), or two 2-hour sessions in 1 day on either day (four possibilities). The other choices leave either MWF from 2 to 4 or MWF from 12 to 2. In either case, there are only six possibilities for scheduling Celtic Literature.

9. A.

5. C.

Model Test 1

467

10. D.

The Friday session must be either from 12 to 2 or from 2 to 4. No schedule leaves both these slots free. It can be 12 to 2 only if Tom takes Sanskrit on MWF and Armenian Literature on TTh. It can be 2 to 4 only if he takes Sanskrit on TTh and Armenian Literature on MWF. This one may be hard without a calendar; you must look back at the times listed, unless you included them in your table. The MWF 1112:30 slot is open if Tom takes morning Latin (out at 11) and MWF Armenian Literature (starts at 12:30). This doesn't interfere with Celtic Literature. Choices A, C, and D conflict with Sanskrit; E conflicts with Armenian and Celtic Literature.

17. B.

Follow the diagram: Joe goes from floor three to floor one; Rick or Paul goes to floor two; Bob or Frank goes to Ned or Ellen's apartment on floor five, and one of them goes to Joe's old apartment. Dorothy cannot possibly live with Frank, because we are told that he has a single apartment. All of the other persons mentioned as possibilities may have space available in their apartments.

11. B.

18. E.

19-22.

12- 18. To diagram this puzzle, start with several dashes in a column. These will represent the floors of the building. Start with more than six, so that a wrong guess doesn't push you off your diagram. Use initials and put one person or persons occupying an apartment on each side of a dash representing a given floor. Starting with L (and a blank for his roommate), A1 C, M, and R and P fall into place easily. You now have six floors from top to bottom, so R and P must be on floor one. The only floors remaining with two blank spots are two and five; B and F must go on floor two and N must go three floors up, on floor five. The only remaining floor on which J can be three below anyone is floor three; W must be on floor six and E on floor five. You now have: LIW or L-W NIE or N-E A I C J-M B-F

A diagram like the one shown will make it possible to trace the events without becoming confused. The other point to bear in mind is that you must avoid unsupported assumptions; for example, statement (2) doesn't mean that F always occurs if B occurs-just that it never occurs without B having occurred. Similarly, statement (1) doesn't mean that B or C cannot occur without A-just that $A occurs, one of these (but not both) will occur. Finally, statement (3) doesn't mean that D occurs only this way-it may occur on its own, without B or C, but it will certainly occur if B or C occurs. Unless you're clear on this, you'll probably miss some questions.

0 >A

R-PNote that the diagram for floors five and six reflects the fact that Larry and Willy are on the same floor, as are Ned and Ellen, and may or may not be roommates.12. C. By inspection of the diagram. Note that choice D gives a correct list from top to bottomdon't get careless and choose this answer. Again by simple inspection of the diagram. The only person mentioned who can live on floor six, and therefore be Larry's roommate, is Willy.