Barren Ground GrizzlyUrsus arctos

AppearanceGrizzly bears are the second largest carnivores after the polarbear. They have large heads with long snouts and two small,round, heavily furred ears. One of the ways to distinguish griz-zly bears from black bears is that grizzlies have a noticeablehump on their shoulders. The claws of the front feet are long,sharp and pale yellow or brown in colour. Before sheddingevery year, grizzlies have long shaggy coats. Their fur is madeup of coarse guard hairs and a thick coat of under-fur. Coloursrange from light gold to almost black with the lightest bearsmost commonly found on the barren lands or tundra. Grizzlybears in Nunavut are generally smaller than those found fur-ther south. They are at their largest in the fall before enteringtheir dens and leanest in the spring when they emerge fromtheir dens. Generally, females are smaller than males and reachtheir maximum weight before males do. Adult males andfemales can be anywhere between 146 and 382kg and measurean average of 2.6m in length.

Food And FeedingGrizzlies are omnivorous. Some studies show that caribou are avery important food source for barren ground grizzlies. Theyappear to hunt them often during the spring, and from mid-summer to autumn. The young caribou provide a great sourceof food for the hungry bears and newborns. In addition, theyfeed on many small mammals such as lemmings, red-backedvoles, ground squirrels and also some birds, ringed seals,beached whales and various kinds of spawning fish. During thesummer, horsetail, sedge, arctic cotton grass and various berriesmake up a large portion of the bears' diet.

BehaviourGrizzly bears are gen-erally solitary animalsalthough smallgroups may be seenfeeding in the samearea at certain timesof the year. Grizzlieshave good eyesightbut their hearing andsense of smell are

excellent. They growl and roar when fighting and can run withgreat bursts of speed. Males tend to roam farther than females.Denning occurs in late October and November. Like black bears,their body temperatures drop slightly and they fall into a deepslumber. However, they can be awakened by noise or disturbancesin the area. The timing when grizzlies enter and emerge from theirdens varies, depending on their geographic location.

RangeIn Nunavut, the grizzly can be found throughout the Kivalliqregion and in large portions of the Kitikmeot and Baffin regions.

ReproductionThe breeding season for grizzlies is generally late spring to earlysummer. After a gestation period of 6 to 8 months the female givesbirth to usually 2 cubs, although 1, 3 and even 4 are also possible.They are born in mid-winter and are the size of a small squirrel,weighing between 350-700g. Grizzlies have a litter every third yearand the young stay with the mother for 2 or 3 years. In Nunavut,female grizzlies usually have their first litter at 8 years of age.Compared to other grizzly populations, this is quite late and makesbarren ground grizzlies more sensitive to over-harvesting.

Status Survival and ManagementAccording to the Nunavut Wild Species 2000 report, the status ofgrizzly bears is sensitive. Grizzlies live up to 25 years in the wild.They have no natural enemies other than humans. An increase inthe number of encounters between humans and grizzlies is result-ing in more 'nuisance' bears being killed. Hunting regulations andbear safety programs continue to be enforced in an effort to protectthe slow growing populations.

Wildlife Fact Sheets

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