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Baroque Vocal Music

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Page 1: Baroque Vocal Music. Opera Recitative Aria Orchestra Chorus Subjects / Plots Elaborate spectacles Public demand Castrati Increased expressivism, hence

BaroqueVocal Music

Page 2: Baroque Vocal Music. Opera Recitative Aria Orchestra Chorus Subjects / Plots Elaborate spectacles Public demand Castrati Increased expressivism, hence

Opera• Recitative • Aria• Orchestra• Chorus• Subjects / Plots• Elaborate spectacles• Public demand• Castrati• Increased expressivism, hence chromaticism• Monteverdi

Page 3: Baroque Vocal Music. Opera Recitative Aria Orchestra Chorus Subjects / Plots Elaborate spectacles Public demand Castrati Increased expressivism, hence

Oratorio• Recitative, aria, and orchestra• Increased role of chorus• Plots, subjects• Highly “Italian”• Handel & the evolution of oratorio• Mature Baroque oratorio –Bach most

famous besides Handel• Word painting

Page 4: Baroque Vocal Music. Opera Recitative Aria Orchestra Chorus Subjects / Plots Elaborate spectacles Public demand Castrati Increased expressivism, hence

George Frideric Handel

• 1685 – 1759• Born in Germany, trained in Italy, mature

works produced in England• “King George I”• Royal Academy of Music• Italian opera• The Beggar’s Opera by John Gay• Turned to oratorio

Page 5: Baroque Vocal Music. Opera Recitative Aria Orchestra Chorus Subjects / Plots Elaborate spectacles Public demand Castrati Increased expressivism, hence

Examples from “Messiah”

• There Were Shepherds…. – recititive; both types• People’s response = Glory to God = chorus• Every Valley – tenor aria• “exalted” – example of both sequence and melisma• “mountain and hill made low”• “crooked straight”• “rough places plain”• Much use of sequence

Page 6: Baroque Vocal Music. Opera Recitative Aria Orchestra Chorus Subjects / Plots Elaborate spectacles Public demand Castrati Increased expressivism, hence

Passion• Much like an oratorio• Specifically deals with the last week

Christ was on earth• Very long• Very dramatic• Not necessarily a “church piece” – more

of a performance piece with a sacred topic• Bach, Schutz

Page 7: Baroque Vocal Music. Opera Recitative Aria Orchestra Chorus Subjects / Plots Elaborate spectacles Public demand Castrati Increased expressivism, hence

Cantata• Highly Lutheran church form

• Championed by Bach

• “mini-oratorio”

• New important addition = Chorale

• Part of a longer Sunday service

• Huge legacy left behind

• Not many composed in other periods

Page 8: Baroque Vocal Music. Opera Recitative Aria Orchestra Chorus Subjects / Plots Elaborate spectacles Public demand Castrati Increased expressivism, hence

Johann Sebastian Bach

• 1685-1750• Excelled in every form except opera• While alive, noted as church musician and

organist• Fugue = zenith• Mendelssohn’s role in Bach’s posthumous

reputation• Leipzig years