baroque instrumental music - king's park secondary school · baroque music. ‘contra’ means...
TRANSCRIPT
Baroque Instrumental Music
Higher
Keyboard Instruments
Harpsichord
• Played a key role throughout the baroque period.
• It played in both ensemble music and solo pieces.
Keyboard Instruments
Organ
• Another prominent instrument in this era.
• Played using one or more manuals and a pedal board.
• It uses wind moving through metal or wood pipes to create sound
Basso Continuo
• Most Distinguishing features
• Continually played throughout music
• Bass line – Cello, or bassoon
• Chord playing instrument – harpsichord, organ or lute
• Improvise chords
• Filling out Harmonies
Concerto Grosso
• Italian for big concert
• Musical material is passed between 2 sections
• Concertino (soloist group)
• Ripieno (full orchestra)
This contrast of small group to large group and one thematic group against another is very characteristic of Baroque ideology — similar to terraced dynamics where the idea is significant contrast
Concerto Grosso
Trumpet
Recorder
Violin
Oboe
Strings
Continuo
Concertino
Ripieno
Ritornello
• A recurring passage
• Always played by tutti (full orchestra)
• Often heard in different keys
• Most common in solo concerto
Tutti
Solo
Tutti
Solo
Tutti
Suite
• A collection of pieces of music – dances
• Instrumental or Orchestral
• Usually in the same key
Fugue
• Contrapuntal piece
• Based on a theme (Subject)
• Subject is imitated throughout piece
• Exposition exposes Subject
• Subject is played in Dominant (Answer)
• Episode is music between playings of Subject
To fully understand
Fugue we will need to do more
work on this.
Mnemonic
• Eskimos
• Smile
• Constantly
• Riding
• Their
• Inflatable
• Sharks
• Down
• Every
• Tunnel
Passacaglia
• Based on variations over a ground bass
• 3/4 time
• Usually in a minor key
Chaconne
• Based on variations over a short chord progression
• Usually in a major key
Chorale Prelude
• Based on a Chorale melody
• Organ
• May contain Theme and Variation
• Homophonic
Chorale Prelude Continued… • Example: Look at A, this is the melody of the
Chorale ‘Wachet Auf’
• Now look at B, this is built up from the idea given in the original Chorale and is now a piece for organ – A Chorale Prelude. PLAY
Overture
• Signalled opening of Opera and Oratorio
• Orchestral work
Acciaccatura
• A crushed dissonant note of the shortest possible duration played before or after the main note or chord and immediately released.
Appoggiatura
• A musical ornament (chiefly from the 18 century) of an auxiliary note falling or rising to a harmonised note. There are two possible ways of writing this as you can see from the examples below.
Trill
• Rapid and repeated movement between two adjacent notes
Turn
• Four notes which turn round the main note with the note itself, the note above the note itself, the note below.
Mordent
• An ornament or grace note consisting of a single rapid alternation of the principal note, a note a semitone lower and the note itself.
• There is also an inverted mordent. The principal note, a note a semitone higher and the note itself.
Texture
Contrapuntal – is the term used to describe the texture of much
Baroque music. ‘contra’ means against, and you will find the
various parts of the music moving ‘against’ each other.
Contrapuntal music has two or more melodies played at the
same time. They will however, still harmonise.
Polyphonic – means many sounds and is another way of
describing music which has more than one melody which fit
together.
Homophonic – is the opposite of polyphonic.
Homophonic music has one main tune, which is accompanied
by bass and harmony parts.