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Baroque Era 1600-1750

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Page 1: Baroque Era 1600-1750. Baroque Era Three distinct styles of the period were -Church music -Theater music -Chamber music Music, art, and architecture of

Baroque Era

1600-1750

Page 2: Baroque Era 1600-1750. Baroque Era Three distinct styles of the period were -Church music -Theater music -Chamber music Music, art, and architecture of

Baroque Era

Three distinct styles of the period were -Church music -Theater music -Chamber music

Music, art, and architecture of this time becomes very important to the wealthy because of its large scale productions, spectacular ideas, and major contrasts

Page 3: Baroque Era 1600-1750. Baroque Era Three distinct styles of the period were -Church music -Theater music -Chamber music Music, art, and architecture of

Baroque Era

Dramatic music- First written in Florence, Italy- Soon spread throughout Europe

Page 4: Baroque Era 1600-1750. Baroque Era Three distinct styles of the period were -Church music -Theater music -Chamber music Music, art, and architecture of

Baroque Era

Major developments in dramatic musicOratorio- dramatic large-scale production dealing with a biblical subject -oratorio has a narrator (soloist), chorus, and orchestra-no costume, staging, or scenery usedOpera- does not deal with Biblical subjects-large scale production with singing -has staging, scenery-soloists-chorus

Page 5: Baroque Era 1600-1750. Baroque Era Three distinct styles of the period were -Church music -Theater music -Chamber music Music, art, and architecture of

Baroque Era

Cantata- shorter work-limited to soloists-small number of chorus members-small orchestral accompaniment-written on either sacred or secular subjectsPassion Music- centered specifically on the Christian Easter story

Page 6: Baroque Era 1600-1750. Baroque Era Three distinct styles of the period were -Church music -Theater music -Chamber music Music, art, and architecture of

Baroque Era

Baroque music left the style of a cappela that was used in the Renaissance

The keyboard of choice was the harpsichord

During the Baroque Era, instrumental music came to the forefront, rather than vocal music

During the Baroque period, the soprano and bass voices were more important in a choral composition than the tenor and the alto

Page 7: Baroque Era 1600-1750. Baroque Era Three distinct styles of the period were -Church music -Theater music -Chamber music Music, art, and architecture of

What’s happening in America?

Jamestown colony founded in 1607 Henry Hudson explored what is now called

the Hudson River in 1609 In 1621, Thomas Ravenscroft wrote the

“Whole Booke of Psalms” (4 part compositions with texts from the Book of Psalm in the bible

“The Grounds and Rules of Musick Explained” –first singing instruction book in America written by Rev. Walter of Roxbury

Before this music was learned by rote and memorized

Page 8: Baroque Era 1600-1750. Baroque Era Three distinct styles of the period were -Church music -Theater music -Chamber music Music, art, and architecture of

What’s happening in America?

Philadelphia founded in 1682 by William Penn

The famous Salem Witch trials began in 1692

1738- John Wesley founded the Methodist Church in America

Robert Stevenson’s book-“Protestant Church in America” was an important resource in American music

Moravian school or organ builders considered best in the New World

Page 9: Baroque Era 1600-1750. Baroque Era Three distinct styles of the period were -Church music -Theater music -Chamber music Music, art, and architecture of

Famous Composers of the Baroque Era-Alessandro Scarlatti

Page 10: Baroque Era 1600-1750. Baroque Era Three distinct styles of the period were -Church music -Theater music -Chamber music Music, art, and architecture of

Alessandro Scarlatti

1660-1725 Born in Naples His best known operas-La Rosaura (1690)-Teodora (1693)-Tigrane (1715)-Griselda (1721)

Page 11: Baroque Era 1600-1750. Baroque Era Three distinct styles of the period were -Church music -Theater music -Chamber music Music, art, and architecture of

Claudio Monteverdi

Page 12: Baroque Era 1600-1750. Baroque Era Three distinct styles of the period were -Church music -Theater music -Chamber music Music, art, and architecture of

Claudio Monteverdi

1567-1643 Born in Cremona Wrote 9 books of Secular madrigals First opera was “Orfeo” 1613-he became conductor of St.

Mark’s Basilica in Venice 1632- was ordained as a Catholic

priest

Page 13: Baroque Era 1600-1750. Baroque Era Three distinct styles of the period were -Church music -Theater music -Chamber music Music, art, and architecture of

Rhythm and Meter

Rhythm and meter become more defined.

Usually a single rhythm can be heard through an entire piece.

Bar lines are now used to group notes on the staff into measures

Page 14: Baroque Era 1600-1750. Baroque Era Three distinct styles of the period were -Church music -Theater music -Chamber music Music, art, and architecture of

Antonio Vivaldi

Page 15: Baroque Era 1600-1750. Baroque Era Three distinct styles of the period were -Church music -Theater music -Chamber music Music, art, and architecture of

Antonio Vivaldi

1678-1741 Born in Italy Nicknamed “The red-headed priest” Wrote “The Four Seasons” Leading violinist in St. Mark’s Basilica Music Teacher at an orphanage for girls Wrote numerous cantatas, oratorios, and

motets Wrote over 400 concertos

Page 16: Baroque Era 1600-1750. Baroque Era Three distinct styles of the period were -Church music -Theater music -Chamber music Music, art, and architecture of

Jean Baptiste Lully

Page 17: Baroque Era 1600-1750. Baroque Era Three distinct styles of the period were -Church music -Theater music -Chamber music Music, art, and architecture of

John Baptiste Lully

1632-1687 Developed a unique for a French

Opera First section is slow with dotted

rhythm Second section fast and lively Third section is like the first section

Page 18: Baroque Era 1600-1750. Baroque Era Three distinct styles of the period were -Church music -Theater music -Chamber music Music, art, and architecture of

Basso continuo

This helps to clarify what the harmony is.

A single bass line used to reinforce bass voices

Usually played by Harpsichord or bassoon. Can also be played by cello and other instruments.

Page 19: Baroque Era 1600-1750. Baroque Era Three distinct styles of the period were -Church music -Theater music -Chamber music Music, art, and architecture of

Ground bass

Ground bass is also known as basso ostinato

Ground bass is music constructed from the bottom up.

The bass will play the same short figure over and over while other upper instruments add in above it with different melodies based on the bass.

Page 20: Baroque Era 1600-1750. Baroque Era Three distinct styles of the period were -Church music -Theater music -Chamber music Music, art, and architecture of

Johann Sebastian Bach

Page 21: Baroque Era 1600-1750. Baroque Era Three distinct styles of the period were -Church music -Theater music -Chamber music Music, art, and architecture of

Johann Sebastian Bach (1685-1750)

Born March 21, 1685, Eisenach, Germany Born same year as George F. Handel Music was a family business Had 20 children

-7 with 1st wife (his 2nd cousin)-13 with 2nd wife (singer)

All children taught music Wrote 200 sacred and secular cantatas

(was not appreciated while alive)

Page 22: Baroque Era 1600-1750. Baroque Era Three distinct styles of the period were -Church music -Theater music -Chamber music Music, art, and architecture of

Bach cont.

Musical Handwriting was considered the most beautiful and intricate of any composer

Bach received his earliest training from his father, who was a musician in Eisenach

He composed in all the musical forms popular during the Baroque except for Opera.

Bach’s 3 professional positions were in the towns of Arnstadt, Muhlhausen, Weimar

Page 23: Baroque Era 1600-1750. Baroque Era Three distinct styles of the period were -Church music -Theater music -Chamber music Music, art, and architecture of

Bach cont.

Bach’s mother died when he was 9 and father when he was 10

Bach did not write church music in the fourth city in which he worked, Cothen, because he was only hired to write music for court entertainment

Bach’s last job was in the city of Leipzig, Germany

Bach was blind at the end of his life The Baroque Era ended the same year

that Bach died in 1750

Page 24: Baroque Era 1600-1750. Baroque Era Three distinct styles of the period were -Church music -Theater music -Chamber music Music, art, and architecture of

Johann Sebastian Bach

Some of Bach’s work’s include: -The Wedding Cantata-The Peasant Cantata-The Christmas Oratorio-Magnificant-Mass in B-minor-St. John Passion-Prelude & Fugue in B-flat

Page 25: Baroque Era 1600-1750. Baroque Era Three distinct styles of the period were -Church music -Theater music -Chamber music Music, art, and architecture of

Johann Sebastian Bach

Toccata & Fugue in D-minor Sleepers Awake Brandenburg Concerto The Well-Tempered Clavier A number of fugues, chorales,

toccatas, solo pieces and other works

Page 26: Baroque Era 1600-1750. Baroque Era Three distinct styles of the period were -Church music -Theater music -Chamber music Music, art, and architecture of

George Frideric Handel

Page 27: Baroque Era 1600-1750. Baroque Era Three distinct styles of the period were -Church music -Theater music -Chamber music Music, art, and architecture of

George Frideric Handel

February 23, 1685 Born in Halle, Saxony Born the same year as Bach Unlike Bach, no family of musicians, George begged his father for lessons Becomes outstanding organist and

harpsichordist First music teacher was Zachow Also studied violin and oboe

Page 28: Baroque Era 1600-1750. Baroque Era Three distinct styles of the period were -Church music -Theater music -Chamber music Music, art, and architecture of

George Frideric Handel

1726- Handel becomes a British citizen Was known as the greatest composer of

the oratorio Was employed by the Elector of Hanover,

who was named King George I of England First music position was as an organist in

the cathedral in Halle Wrote 40 Italian Operas Made and lost several fortunes Court Musician

Page 29: Baroque Era 1600-1750. Baroque Era Three distinct styles of the period were -Church music -Theater music -Chamber music Music, art, and architecture of

George Frideric Handel (1685-1754)

created music in 4 categoriesThe Secular Cantatas- Catholic Sacred Music- Oratorios- Operas Handel is known as the greatest

composer of the oratorio during the entire Baroque Era

Page 30: Baroque Era 1600-1750. Baroque Era Three distinct styles of the period were -Church music -Theater music -Chamber music Music, art, and architecture of

George Frideric Handel

-Last composition was The Triumph of Time and TriumphBy the end of his life, he was also blindHe is buried in Westminster AbbeyHandel wrote a number of works that have lasted through the centuries:-St. John Passion-Coronation Anthems-Saul-Israel in Egypt

Page 31: Baroque Era 1600-1750. Baroque Era Three distinct styles of the period were -Church music -Theater music -Chamber music Music, art, and architecture of

George Frideric Handel

-Serse-Sansom-Judas MaccabaeusMost outstanding oratorios:-Acis and Galatea-Esther-Alexander’s Feaste-Messiah-Jeptha

Page 32: Baroque Era 1600-1750. Baroque Era Three distinct styles of the period were -Church music -Theater music -Chamber music Music, art, and architecture of

Opera

Opera is drama presented in music Early opera was put on for Royal

Weddings and such. 1637 the first Public Opera Theater

opens (these are equivalent to modern day movie theaters)

By the end of the century there were seven in Venice alone.

Page 33: Baroque Era 1600-1750. Baroque Era Three distinct styles of the period were -Church music -Theater music -Chamber music Music, art, and architecture of

Opera had two major parts

Recitative: Singing that imitates speech. It is mostly used for plot action, dialogue, and important situations.

Aria: Extended solo that has more musical elaboration and coherence. The vocal part is more melodic, the rhythm is more consistent, and accompaniment usually uses the entire orchestra.

Page 34: Baroque Era 1600-1750. Baroque Era Three distinct styles of the period were -Church music -Theater music -Chamber music Music, art, and architecture of

Henry Purcell

Page 35: Baroque Era 1600-1750. Baroque Era Three distinct styles of the period were -Church music -Theater music -Chamber music Music, art, and architecture of

Henry Purcell

1659-1695 Born in Westminster Father was a singer in the court of

King Charles II Purcell is the most famous English

composer of the time period.

Page 36: Baroque Era 1600-1750. Baroque Era Three distinct styles of the period were -Church music -Theater music -Chamber music Music, art, and architecture of

Henry Purcell

He was an Organist at Westminster Abbey. He wrote sacred instrumental and theater music

Most famous composition is “Dido and Aeneas”

Page 37: Baroque Era 1600-1750. Baroque Era Three distinct styles of the period were -Church music -Theater music -Chamber music Music, art, and architecture of

Chronology of Baroque Era

1600- The Baroque Era begins 1601- Shakespeare writes Hamlet 1602- Galileo Galilei discovers the

law of gravity 1604- Shakespeare writes Othello 1605-Pope Paul V is crowned 1606- Shakespeare writes Macbeth 1607- Jamestown Colony is founded

Page 38: Baroque Era 1600-1750. Baroque Era Three distinct styles of the period were -Church music -Theater music -Chamber music Music, art, and architecture of

Chronology cont.

1607- Monteverdi’s first opera, “Orfeo,” is performed

1609- Henry Hudson explores the Hudson River

1610- Louis VIII is crowned King of France

1611- The King James version of the Bible is published

Page 39: Baroque Era 1600-1750. Baroque Era Three distinct styles of the period were -Church music -Theater music -Chamber music Music, art, and architecture of

Chronology cont.

1620-The pilgrims arrive near Cape Cod on the Mayflower

1621- Pope Gregory XV is crowned 1625- Charles I is crowned King of

England 1630- Boston is founded by the

Puritans 1636- Harvard College is founded by

Roger Williams

Page 40: Baroque Era 1600-1750. Baroque Era Three distinct styles of the period were -Church music -Theater music -Chamber music Music, art, and architecture of

Chronology Cont.

1640- The first book printed in the colonies is the “Bay Psalm Book”

1643- Louis XIV is crowned King of France

1643- Marc-Antoine Charpentier is born near Paris, France

1653- Jean-Baptiste Lully is appointed court composer in Paris

Page 41: Baroque Era 1600-1750. Baroque Era Three distinct styles of the period were -Church music -Theater music -Chamber music Music, art, and architecture of

Chronology Cont.

1653- Oliver Cromwell dissolves the English Parliament

1659- Henry Purcell is born in Westminster, England

1660- Alessandro Scarlatti is born in Italy

1664- New Amsterdam is renamed New York

Page 42: Baroque Era 1600-1750. Baroque Era Three distinct styles of the period were -Church music -Theater music -Chamber music Music, art, and architecture of

Chronology Cont.

1665- Heinrich Schutz writes the “St. John Passion”

1666- Heinrich Schutz writes the “St. Matthew Passion”

1678- Antonio Vivaldi is born in Venice, Italy

1682- Philadelphia is founded by William Penn

1683- Jean-Phillipe Rameau is born in Venice, Italy

Page 43: Baroque Era 1600-1750. Baroque Era Three distinct styles of the period were -Church music -Theater music -Chamber music Music, art, and architecture of

Chronology Cont.

1685- G.F. Handel is born in Halle, Saxony

1689- William III and Mary are crowned King and Queen of England

1692- The Salem witch trials occur in Massachusetts

1701- Yale College is founded 1704- Handel writes the “St. John

Passion

Page 44: Baroque Era 1600-1750. Baroque Era Three distinct styles of the period were -Church music -Theater music -Chamber music Music, art, and architecture of

Chronology Cont.

1704- Bach writes his first cantata 1714- George I is crowned King of

England 1715- Louis the XV is crowned King

of France 1724- Bach writes the “St. John

Passion” 1727- Handel writes the “Coronation

Anthems”

Page 45: Baroque Era 1600-1750. Baroque Era Three distinct styles of the period were -Church music -Theater music -Chamber music Music, art, and architecture of

Chronology Cont.

1729- Bach writes the “St. Matthew Passion”

1730- Bach writes the cantata “A Mighty Fortress is Our God”

1738- Bach publishes “Mass in B-minor”

1738-Handel writes “Saul,” “Israel in Egypt,” and “Serse”

Page 46: Baroque Era 1600-1750. Baroque Era Three distinct styles of the period were -Church music -Theater music -Chamber music Music, art, and architecture of

Chronology Cont.

1738- The Methodist Church is founded by John Wesley

1743- Handel writes “Samson” 1746- Handel writes “Judas

Maccabaeus” 1750- The death of Johann

Sebastian Bach ends the Baroque Era