barclays core prime brokerage qa automated gui testing
TRANSCRIPT
BarclaysCorePrimeBrokerageQAAutomatedGUITestingMigrationAnalysis
Project#KMS1603AMajorQualifyingProjectReport
SubmittedtothefacultyofWorcesterPolytechnicInstitute
InpartialfulfillmentoftherequirementsoftheDegreeofBachelorofScience
Submittedon17thDecember2016InCooperationwith:
BarclaysPLCSubmittedby:
DidiDai,IndustrialEngineeringandManagementInformationSystemJonathanHoWu,ElectricalandComputerEngineering
Submittedto:
On-siteLiaison:MichaelIrvingBharatRao
KarleneWright
ProjectAdvisors:ProfessorMichaelJ.Ciaraldi,DepartmentofComputerScience
ProfessorXinmingHuang,DepartmentofElectricalandComputerEngineeringProfessorRenataKonrad,FoisieSchoolofBusiness
ProfessorKevinM.Sweeney,FoisieSchoolofBusiness
i|Dai,HoWu
Abstract
Sponsored by the Core Prime Brokerage (PB) Quality Assurance team within the
InvestmentBankdivisionofBarclaysPLC,thisMajorQualifyingProject(MQP)reportcenteredon
webapplications.Thegoaloftheprojectwastofirstidentifyfree,open-sourcetoolsthatwould
serve as alternatives to the current Hewlett-Packard’s Quick Test Professional (QTP)/Unified
FunctionalTesting(UFT)solution,whilepreservingtheexistingcorefunctionswritteninVBScript
scripting language. After performing thorough exploratory analysis and research, the MQP
project team identified Selenium WebDriver as the best tool for Barclays Core PB's GUI
automation testing purposes. Our recommendations not only aim to help eliminate theUFT
licensecontentionandexecutionissues,butalsoaimtosavetheannuallicensingcostspentby
the Barclays Core PB team and reduce the time spent troubleshooting any GUI automation
testingissues.
ii|Dai,HoWu
Acknowledgments
ThesuccessofourMajorQualifyingProject(MQP)wouldnothavebeenpossiblewithout
thehelpofmanyindividualsinsideandoutsideofBarclays.Wewouldliketostartoffbythanking
BarclaysPLCforsponsoringusandenablingustohavethisinvaluableexperience.Inthisregard,
wewouldliketoespeciallythankourdirectbossandmentor,KarleneWright,forherexhaustive
support,guidance,andtechnologicalexpertisethroughoutourtenureatBarclays.Heroversight
anddedicationwerekeytothecompletionandsuccessofthisproject.Additionally,wewould
liketothankourotherbosses,MichaelIrvingandBharatRao,fortheirsupportandformaking
thisprojectapossibility.Furthermore,wewouldalsoliketoexpressourgratitudetowardsour
other teammembers in Kiev,Ukraine,whohelped us understand the entire automatedGUI
testingprocessmorethoroughly.
Wewouldalso liketothankourschool,WorcesterPolytechnic Institute(WPI)andthe
WPI Interdisciplinary and Global Studies Division (IGSD) for all their logistical support and
planning. Finally, we would like to thank our advisors, Professor Kevin Sweeney, Professor
MichaelCiaraldi,ProfessorXinmingHuang,andProfessorRenataKonradforalltheircontinuous
supportandguidancethroughouttheproject.
The project would not have reached this point if it was not for their countless
recommendationsandguidanceinsolidifyingourproject.Weareveryproudtohaveformpart
oftheWallStreetProjectCenterandtohaveworkedinsuchwithsuchanamazingandtalented
groupofpeoplewithinarenownedmultinationalcorporationsuchasBarclays.
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Authorship
Content PrimaryAuthorTitlePage DidiDai
Abstract
Acknowledgments
AuthorshipJonathanHoWu
ExecutiveSummary DidiDaiChapter1:Introduction DidiDaiChapter2:Background JonathanHoWuChapter3:Methodology DidiDai
Chapter4:TwoFeasibleAutomationTools JonathanHoWuChapter5:RecommendationsandConclusions DidiDai,JonathanHoWu
Chapter6:Reflection DidiDai,JonathanHoWuWorksCited DidiDai,JonathanHoWuAppendix JonathanHoWu
Allsectionswereeditedasateam,withequalcontributionsmadebyeverymember.
iv|Dai,HoWu
ExecutiveSummary
Barclays,apioneer intheFin-Tech industry,drivestechnology implementationsacross
thecoreprimebrokerageintheUnitedStatesandtherestoftheworld.ThisMQPprojectworked
with the Core Prime Brokerage team in the IT department of Barclays America. Routinely,
BarclaysITdepartmentreleasesnewandupdatedwebappstotheircustomers.Beforereleasing
theapps,thequalityassuranceteamplaysanimportantroleintestingandinspectingtheapps.
However,thecurrenttestingsoftwarepresentsabigfinancialinvestmentforBarclaysandfaces
licensingissues.
Themain goal of thisMQP projectwas to identify for a no-cost replacement for the
current testing software, Hewlett-Packard’s Quick Test Professional (QTP)/Unified Functional
Testing(UFT).Tomakethenewtoolapplicableinthiscomplexenvironment,thereplacement
neededtosatisfythreeconstraints:(i)open-source;(ii)VBScriptscriptinglanguagesupport,and
(iii)GUIWebApplicationTestingSupport.TheMQPteamresearchedpossiblealternativesinthe
market. By identifying the strengths and weakness of each alternative, we conducted a
comparisonanalysistosupportourrecommendations. IdentifyingSeleniumWebDriverasthe
toolwhichbestsatisfiesBarclaysoperatingconstraints,weresearchedhowtoembedthenew
tool into Barclays’ automation GUI Web application testing framework and began the
implementation.Indoingso,BarclaysaddressestheexistingQTPlicensesissuesandsignificantly
reducesitsinvestmentintestingsoftware.TheMQPteamidentifiedamethodtogettheobject
fromthewebsitebyusingJAVAand linkingJAVAwithVBScript. Indoingso,existingVBScript
testing cases can be preserved and the automation testingmigration fromQTP to Selenium
WebDrivercanberealized.Foreasingtheprocessofgettinganobject,wealsoresearchedon
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theobjectrepositoryandfoundthreewaystostoreobjects,intheconditionofusingSelenium
WebDriver.
In addition, by learning the VBScript scripting language, we found the in-house
developmenttoolcouldalsobeareplacementofQTP.Thein-housedevelopmenttoolisgoing
tobedevelopedbyusingMicrosoftInternetExplorerObject.Thistoolcanbeaccomplishedby
writing VBScript scripting language only. Tool implementation and object storage were also
investigated.
Werecommendintheshortrun,BarclaysshoulduseInternetExploreObjecttocreate
the in-house development tool, as it is simpler andmore consistent since it uses a scripting
language that the employees are already familiar with. In the long run, we recommend
implementingSeleniumWebDriver,as it iseasiertodebugandit iscurrently indraftformto
becomeaW3C(WorldWideWebConsortium)WebStandard.
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TableofContents
Abstract..................................................................................................................................i
Acknowledgments...................................................................................................................ii
Authorship.............................................................................................................................iii
ExecutiveSummary................................................................................................................iv
TableofFigures....................................................................................................................viii
ListofTables........................................................................................................................viii
Chapter1:Introduction..........................................................................................................1
Chapter2:Background...........................................................................................................22.1CurrentGUIWebApplicationAutomationTestingFramework....................................................3
2.1.1QualityCenter..............................................................................................................................32.1.2QTP/UFT......................................................................................................................................42.1.3VBScriptScriptingLanguage........................................................................................................52.1.4ORTranslator..............................................................................................................................52.1.5QTPObjectRepository.................................................................................................................5
2.2ProblemStatement.....................................................................................................................7
Chapter3:Methodology.........................................................................................................93.1ImplementationCriteria..............................................................................................................93.2ComparingExistingAutomationTools.........................................................................................93.3RationaleforEliminatingAlternatives.......................................................................................12
3.3.1MicrosoftCodedUITest............................................................................................................123.3.2TestComplete............................................................................................................................133.3.3RationalFunctional....................................................................................................................133.3.4iMacros......................................................................................................................................133.3.5OracleApplicationTestingSuite................................................................................................133.3.6EggplantFunctional...................................................................................................................133.3.7Sahi............................................................................................................................................143.3.8Maveryx.....................................................................................................................................14
Chapter4:TwoFeasibleAutomationTools............................................................................154.1Alternative#1:SeleniumWebDriver.........................................................................................15
4.1.1Background...............................................................................................................................154.1.2BrowserCompatibility...............................................................................................................164.1.3CallingJavabyUsingVBScript...................................................................................................174.1.4InstantiatingaSpecificBrowser................................................................................................184.1.5OtherWaystoGettheElementsbyUsingSelenium.................................................................184.1.6HowtoImplementanObjectRepositoryinSelenium?.............................................................19
4.2Alternative#2:UsingInternetExplorerObject..........................................................................26
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4.2.1Background...............................................................................................................................264.2.2HowDoesItWork?....................................................................................................................264.2.3HowtoImplementtheObjectRepositoryintheIn-houseDevelopmentTool?.........................27
4.3ComparingtheTwoFeasibleSolutions......................................................................................294.3.1SeleniumWebDriver..................................................................................................................294.3.2InternetExplorerObject............................................................................................................30
Chapter5:RecommendationsandConclusions.....................................................................325.1Conclusion................................................................................................................................325.2Recommendations....................................................................................................................33
Chapter6:ReflectingonourExperienceatBarclays..............................................................356.1DiscussionofDesignintheContextoftheProject.....................................................................356.2DiscussionofConstraintsConsideredintheDesign...................................................................356.3DiscussionoftheNeedforLife-longLearning............................................................................36
WorksCited...........................................................................................................................37
Appendix1............................................................................................................................39
Appendix2............................................................................................................................40
Appendix3............................................................................................................................41
Appendix4............................................................................................................................43
Appendix5............................................................................................................................44
Appendix6............................................................................................................................45
Appendix7............................................................................................................................48
Appendix8............................................................................................................................50
Appendix9............................................................................................................................52
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TableofFiguresFIGURE1:CURRENTGUITESTINGFRAMEWORKWORKFLOW...................................................................................3FIGURE2:QUALITYCENTER.........................................................................................................................................4FIGURE3:UFT/QTP.......................................................................................................................................................5FIGURE4:WEIGHTBARCHARTFORTHEAVAILABLEAUTOMATIONTESTINGTOOLS.............................................12FIGURE5:SELENIUMWEBDRIVERWORKINGPRINCIPLE..........................................................................................16FIGURE6:SAMPLEPROPERTYFILE............................................................................................................................22FIGURE7:OBJECTMAP..............................................................................................................................................23FIGURE8:THEPRINCIPLEOFTHEPAGEOBJECTMODEL...........................................................................................24FIGURE9:EXAMPLEOFAPAGEOBJECTMODELINACTION.....................................................................................25FIGURE10:CHILDELEMENTSINTHEPRODUCT........................................................................................................26FIGURE11:OBJECTREPOSITORYMANAGER.............................................................................................................28FIGURE12:EXPORTINGTHEXMLFILE.......................................................................................................................28
ListofTablesTABLE1:POTENTIALSOFTWARECOMPARISONTABLE............................................................................................10TABLE2:BESTOPTIONAMONGALLSOFTWARETOOLS...........................................................................................11
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Chapter1:Introduction
Our goal is to help develop an alternate solution that would allow the Core Prime
BrokerageQualityAssuranceteamtoruntheirexistingGUIautomatedtestswithoutusingHP
Enterprise’sUnifiedFunctionalTesting(UFT)softwaretoo.
We first reviewed the current Quality Assurance framework and then identified two
solutionscapableofreplacingtheUFT’sexecutionpieceofcode,whilemaintainingtheexisting
corefunctionswritteninVBScriptscriptinglanguage.
By the end of our project, we provided Barclays with a deliverable that detailed the
recommendationsonwhichtoolisthemosteffectiveandhowtostartimplementingthemost
suitable toolwhile considering the future testingofBarclaysCorePrimeBrokerageGUIWeb
applications.
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Chapter2:Background
Barclays Bank PLC, founded in 1690, is one of the largest multinational banking and
financialservicescompaniesintheUnitedKingdom,anditsheadquarterisinLondon(Delaware,
2016). Barclays provides different financial services in retail, wholesale, investment banking,
wealthmanagement,mortgagelendingandcreditcards,whichalloperateinmultiplecountries
acrossEurope,theAmericas,Asia,andAfrica.TherearefourcorebusinesssectorsofBarclays:
Personal & Corporate (Personal Banking, Corporate Banking, Wealth & Investment
Management),Barclaycard,InvestmentBankingandAfrica.Barclayshasaprimarylistingonthe
LondonStockExchangeandasecondarylistingontheNewYorkStockExchange.Attheendof
2011, Barclays’ assets achieved US$2.42 trillion, and it ranked the seventh-largest bank
worldwide(Group,2014).
During the 2008 financial crisis, Barclays announced its agreement to purchase the
investmentbankingandtradingdivisionsofLehmanBrothers(White&Dash,2008)thatsame
year. In the end, Barclays PLC paid US$1.35 billion to acquire the core business of Lehman
Brothers, including Lehman’s US$960 million midtownManhattan office skyscraper and the
responsibility for 9,000 former employees (BZW - History - 21st Century - Lehman Brothers
Acquisition,2017).
Automated regression testing for any particularweb application involves using aweb
browsertoverifythatthewebappisworkingasexpected.Ifdonecorrectly,itcanincreasethe
effectiveness,efficiency,andcoverageofthesoftwaretesting.Timesavedtranslatesintocost
savings.Therearedifferent typesofsoftware tests thatcanbeautomated, forexample:unit
testing,functionaltesting,integrationtesting,regressiontesting,inwhichfunctionaltestingand
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regressiontestingarewhatrelatedtothisproject.
2.1CurrentGUIWebApplicationAutomationTestingFramework
The framework consists of three components, quality center, QTP, and Excel. Quality
Centerstoresthetestcases;QTPaccessesthewebbrowser(itexecutesthetests);Excelstores
the data during the execution; VBScript ties all the previous components together. All three
componentsaretiedtogetherbyVBScript.TheframeworkisshownbelowinFigure1.
Figure1:CurrentGUITestingFrameworkWorkflow
2.1.1QualityCenter
HPQualityCenterisHewlett-Packard'ssoftwarequalitymanagementproduct,partofthe
company'sapplicationlifecyclemanagement(ALM)softwaresuite. It isaweb-basedtoolthat
manages and drives efficient application testing processes. Quality Center stores all the test
cases. Following by descriptions, each test case is written step-by-step and comes with a
command function. The quality assurance team we are working with has all the command
functionsinVBScriptscriptinglanguage.QualityCenterclearlyshowstheobjectsbeingused,the
objectparents, and thevalue that isbeingapplied toeach function.By referring to the step
QualityCenter
Storethetestcases
QuickTestProfessional(QTP)
Accessthebrowserandtheobjects;functions
Excel
Storethetestdatausedinexecution
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names,thetestcasescanbeextractedfromthecorefunctions.Then,QTPcanruntheextractions
totesttheGUIWebapplication.Figure2isasamplescreenshotofQualityCenter.
Figure2:QualityCenter
2.1.2QTP/UFT
HPUnifiedFunctionalTesting,alsoknownasUFT,andpreviouslyknownasQuickTest
Professional, or QTP, is an automation testing tool. Barclays relies on this software to do
regressionandfunctionaltestforitsGUIWebapplications.QTPexecutesone-linecommandsto
get the objects. After getting the object, it then runs the test cases extracted from the core
functions,which in this caseareallwritten inVBScript scripting language.All theobjectsare
saved in theObjectRepository,which iswritten inQTPscripting language.Toget theobject,
testerscansimplyusethefunctionbelow:
Browser(“Google").Page(“Google").WebEdit(“q”)
ThisQTP functionwill thenbrowse theobjecton theGUIWebApp. Finally, bydoing
recordandplayback,QTPinspectsthequalityofGUIWebapplication.Figure3isasamplescreen
shotofQTP:
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Figure3:UFT/QTP
2.1.3VBScriptScriptingLanguage
VBScriptscriptinglanguageisusedtotietheentireframeworktogether.Barclayshasthe
core functions written in VBScript to extract the design steps of the test cases. After the
extraction, the command set,which is alsowritten in VBScript, then executes the functions.
Finally,thefunction“Get_Object”isusedinVBScripttocalltheORTranslatorinQTP.
2.1.4ORTranslator
Theobjectrepositoryisacentralizedlocationthatstoresalltestobjectsandelements
available from the application that are being tested alongwith its information or properties
(objects’information).Thesearelaterusedbythetestscripttoidentifyspecificitemsduringthe
executionofthetest.Storedobjectswithinanobjectrepositorycanbeanyoftheelementsthat
arepresentintheGUIWebapplications.TheseobjectscanbeanythingthatisvisibleontheGUI
(i.e.textfields,images,listitems,etc.).
2.1.5QTPObjectRepository
ObjectRepositoriesarecomposedofdifferentcomponents(Reilly&Tupelo-Schneck,2010):
● Object Identifiers: Everynewobject that is added to theobject repositorywill get an
individual identifier. The identifier helps the test scripts locate a specific objectmore
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easily.Afterlocatingthem,thetestscriptsproceedtoworkonthem.
● ObjectClass:Theobjectclassvalueisassignedbasedontheobject’stype.Everysoftware
hasitsrespectivesetofobjectclassvalues.Forexample,QTP/UFThasitsownbuilt-inlist
ofclassesfordifferentcategories(i.e.listbox,editbox,button,images,links,etc.).
● ObjectLocation:Theobjectlocationvaluedefineswheretheobjectisgoingtobestored,
regardlessofwhetheritispartofaLocalObjectRepositoryoraSharedObjectRepository.
● ObjectProperties:Objectpropertiesarethepropertiesandcharacteristicsthatareused
toidentifytheobjectsinaspecificapplication.
● VisualIdentifiers:Visualidentifiersaresetsofdefinitionsthathelpidentifytheobjectsby
usingtheobject’srelativelocationtoneighboringobjects.Visualidentifiershelpenhance
the process of identifying objects, which then helps reduce the probability of falsely
recognizinganobject.
● OrdinalIdentifiers:Ordinalidentifiersareadditionalpropertiesthathelpdifferentiatethe
objectsfromeachother.Therearethreekindsofordinalidentifiers:
1. Index:This indicates theorder inwhich theobjects showup in theapplication
relativetootherobjectswithanidenticaldescription.Itstartswithanindexof0.
2. Location:Thisindicatestheorderoftheobjectintheparentwindoworframe.
3. Creationtime:Thisindicatesthesequenceinwhichthebrowserisopened.
Afterknowingwhatanobjectrepositoryconsistsof,weneedtoacknowledgethatthere
are two different types of object repositories. First, there is a type called a Local Object
Repository,which is just available to a particular action. This kind ofOR employs a .mtr file
extension.TheobjectsaddedtoaLocalObjectRepositorycannotbeusedinanyotheraction,
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eveniftheyarethepartofthesametest.Inthistypeofobjectrepository,theobjectsarestored
foraparticularactionandonlythatparticularactioncanaccessitsrespectivestoredobjects.This
kindofrepositoryisbestsuitedforbackinguptestobjectsandforlearningnewobjects.Thiskind
ofrepositoryispreferabletotestnon-dynamicapplicationswithrespecttotime.Itisimportant
torememberthatallrepositoriesarelocalbydefault.ThefollowinglistisalistofLocalObject
Repositoryoperations:
● LocalObjectRepositorieshighlightanobjectstoredintherepository;
● LocalObjectRepositoriescheckwhetheraparticularobjectintheApplicationUnderTest
isstoredintheObjectRepository;
● LocalObjectRepositoriescut,copy,paste,modify,ordeleteobjects;
● LocalObjectRepositoriesupdateaproperty’sdescriptionfromtheapplicationusingthe
updatefunction,intherarecasewhereaproperty’svaluewaschangedbyaccident.
Thesecond typeofobject repository is calledaSharedObject repository,whichhasaglobal
scope.ThiskindofORusesa.tsrfileextensionandcanbeusedbymultipleactionsindifferent
tests.Thisflexibilitymakesthistheidealrepositorytypeforstoringandpreservingtestobjects.
InordertocreateaSharedObjectRepository,oneneedstofirstexportthelocalobjects.Before
beingabletousethe.tsrfile,itisnecessarytoassociatetherepositorytothetestbyclickingon
“Resources”andthen“AssociateRepository”.
2.2ProblemStatement
EmployeesintheBarclaysCorePrimeBrokeragehaveQTPlicensecontentionissuessince
notallofthemcanaccessQTPatthesametime.Thisinhibitsandaffectstheirworkefficiency.
Moreover,asthecostofQTPlicenseisexpensive,Barclayshasstoppedinvestinginnewlicenses
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forthissoftware.Therefore,thecurrentlicensecountisnotenough.Duetotheseissues,many
Barclaysemployeeshavecomplainedandreportedissueswiththesoftware.However,notmuch
hasbeendonesincetheyarestillworkingontestingprojectsfromGUIWebapplicationsthat
solelydependonQTP.Meanwhile,over1000GUIautomatedtestcaseswerecreatedusingQTP,
soallthesetestcasesneedtobepreserved.Thus,themainpurposeofthisprojectwastolook
forareplicablefreesoftware,whichcanpreservethelegacytestcaseswhilealsosolvingtheQTP
licenseissuesbyreplacingit.
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Chapter3:Methodology
3.1ImplementationCriteria
Afterinterviewingourmanagerandgatheringmoreinformationabouttheproblemsthe
teamhasfromusingQTP,fourcriteriawereidentified,whichmustbemetforanewfreeGUI
WebApplication automation testing tool to be implementedwithin the Barclays Core Prime
BrokerageQualityAssuranceteam:zero-cost,VBScriptscriptinglanguagesupport,open-source
software,andGUI-webapplicationtestingsupport.Anyfeasiblesolutionshavetobefree,open
source,whilesupportingboththeVBScriptscriptinglanguageandGUIwebapplicationtesting.It
isimportanttoacknowledgethatallcriteriaareequal.Anypossibleautomationtoolsthatmay
havefailedtomeetthestandardofeitheroneofthefourcriteriawereeliminated.
3.2ComparingExistingAutomationTools
As discussed in Section 2.1.2, theQTP tool is costly and is not open source. To start
replacing QTP, we identified nine alternative tools which could be used to test GUI Web
applications. These include Selenium WebDriver, Microsoft Coded UI Test, Test Complete,
Rational,iMacros,OracleApplicationTestingSuite,EggplantFunctional,Sahi,andMaveryx.Our
findingsaresummarizedinTable1.
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Table1:PotentialSoftwareComparisonTable
TodeterminethetoolwhichbestsatisfiesBarclayscriteria,wecreatedanindicatoras
seenbelow.Foreachcriterion,azeroindicatesthatanalternativedoesnotmeetthecriterion,
whileaoneindicatesthatitdoes.Forexample,a“1”iniMacrosintheVBScriptscriptinglanguage
criterionindicatesthatitsupportsVBScript.Thismeansthatbyusingthissoftware,alllegacytest
casescanbepreserved.Eachrow,whichisthescoreoneachcriterion,issummedattheend.
Thegreaterthescore,thebetterthetoolisintermsofbeingabletomeetBarclays’requirements.
Thetotalweightisthenaddedtothelastcolumnontheright.Bycomparingthetotalweight,we
boxedthehighest,whichinthiscaseisSeleniumWebDriver.Seleniumisthebesttoolsinceithas
azerocostandisanopensourcetool.ItalsosupportsGUI.AndbyusingJava,theVBScripttesting
scriptscanalsobeaccessedbySelenium.
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Table2:BestOptionAmongAllSoftwareTools
Tobetterillustratethecomparisonprocess,seeFigure4.Fromthisfigure,thebluebar
represents the cost, the orange bar represents the VBScript scripting language, the gray bar
denotesthatitisopensource,andtheyellowbardenotesGUIWebapptestingsupport.Thebar
chartshowstherelationshipofthefourcriteriawitheachtool.Withthehighestbar,Selenium
standsout.SinceSeleniumistheonlytoolthatfulfillsallfourcriteria,itis,therefore,theonly
feasiblesolution.Fortherestofthetools,theydidnotqualifyforatleastonecriterion.Theworst
optionsareRationalFunctionalandEggplantFunctional.Theonesclosetobecoming feasible
solutions are Microsoft Coded UI Test, Sahi, and Maveryx. A more detailed reason for the
eliminationprocesseswillbewritteninthenextsection.
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Figure4:WeightBarChartfortheAvailableAutomationTestingTools
3.3RationaleforEliminatingAlternatives
3.3.1MicrosoftCodedUITest
CodedUIusesMSAAandUIAtechnologiestoidentifyobjectsinanobjectrepository(or
whatmostcallUIMap),whileUFTusesacoded-injectionapproach.
CodedUIconductsatestintwoways:eitherbyrecordandplaybackorbyhandcoding.
Itmostly supports C# language and not VBScript.We looked into converting VBScript to C#
(Microsoft,2015).However,goingfromVBScripttoCodedUI'sobjectorientedC#isnotthateasy
as justaddingaplug-in.WhileQTP isa functionaltestingtool,CodedUI isusedmoreforunit
testing; thus, therearemanyarchitecturaldifferences.Dueto thesereasons, thisoptionwas
eliminated.
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
UnifiedFunctionalTesting(QTP)
SeleniumWebDriver
MicrosoftCodedUITest
TestComplete
RationalFunctional
iMacros OracleAppTestingSuite
EggplantFunctional
Sahi Maveryx
WeightBarChart fortheAvailableAutomationTestingTools
Cost VBScriptingLanguage Opensource GUIsupport
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3.3.2TestComplete
Test Complete is one of the few existing automation testing software that supports
VBScriptlanguage.However,itisaproprietaryfunctionalautomatedtestingplatformownedby
SmartBearSoftware.Theyearlycostis$7000foronelicense(SmartBear,2017).Wediscarded
thisoptionasourfocusistofindtoolsthatarefreeandopen-source.
3.3.3RationalFunctional
RationalFunctionaltesterisfromtheRationalSoftwaredivisionofIBM.Itdoesprovide
automated testing capabilities for functional, regression, GUI, but as it only satisfied one
criterion,itwastheneliminated.ThissoftwareprovidesnosupportforVBScript.
3.3.4iMacros
iMacroscanrecordandreplayrepetitiousworkandistheonlywebautomationsoftware
thatmostlyworkswith everywebsite.However, it is not an open source software tool, and
therefore,notafeasiblesolutionthatwecanconsider.
3.3.5OracleApplicationTestingSuite
The Oracle Application Testing Suite CD-ROM includes the Microsoft® Visual Basic®
ScriptingEdition(VBScript)LanguageReferencedocumentation.Itisarareexistingsoftwarethat
supportsVBScript(Oracle,2008).AlthoughitsupportsbothVBScriptlanguageandGUIWebapp
testing,itisneitherfreeoranopensourcetool.
3.3.6EggplantFunctional
EggplantFunctionwaseliminatedasitonlysatisfiedthecriterionofGUIWebapptesting.
ThescriptinglanguageitusesiscalledSenseTalk(TestPlant.com,2017);therefore,itwouldnot
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bepossibletousetheVBScripttestingcasescurrentlyinexistence.
3.3.7Sahi
SahiisanopensourcetoolfortestingGUIWebapplicationsthatworksoneverybrowser.
ItalsosupportstheVBScriptscriptinglanguage.However,theonlydeficiencyisthatitisonlyfree
toaccesstheSahiOS.However,eventhoughitisfree,SahiOSonlyincludeslimitedfeatures.To
gettheaccesstoallofSahi’sfeatures,itismandatorytopurchaseSahiPro,whichcosts$695for
alicense(Pro,2017).Duetoitsimminentcost,thisoptionwastheneliminated.
3.3.8Maveryx
Maveryx is an automated functional and regression test tool for Java and Android
applications.We researched this tool because almost all theGUIWeb apps thatwe have in
BarclaysarewritteninJava.Thesoftwareonlyfreewhenrunningonafree-trialmode,meaning
thatitofferslimitedfunctionsforalimitedtime.ForalargefirmlikeBarclays,thiscannotbea
long-termsolution.
Afterresearchingeachofthesetools,thereisonlyoneremainingalternative,whichis
SeleniumWebDriver.Itistheonlyfeasiblesolutionthatsatisfiesallfourcriteria.Thefollowing
sectionswilldiscussmoreabouthowtoreplaceHP’sQTP/UFTwithSeleniumWebDriver.
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Chapter4:TwoFeasibleAutomationTools
ThischapterwillspecificallyexplainhowSeleniumWebDriverworksandunveilanother
feasiblesolutionapartfromusingtheexistingsoftwaretool. Itwillcoverthebackground,the
workingprincipleofeachfeasibletool,andnumerouswaystoreplacetheObjectRepositorythat
isfoundinQTP.ThereasonwhyitisimportanttofocusonQTPObjectRepositoryisbecauseitis
thecoreprocessthatneedstobereplaced.Tobespecific,itistheonlypartthatisnotwrittenin
VBScriptandthatdirectlyconnectstoQTP.Additionally,theotherpartsofthetestingframework
areeasiertofixiftheobjectrepositoryimplementationissolved.
4.1Alternative#1:SeleniumWebDriver
4.1.1Background
Seleniumisanopen-sourcetoolthatiscommonlyusedfortestautomationparticularly
intheFinancialServicesIndustry.SeleniumWebDriverwasfirstintroducedinSelenium2.0and
itdirectlycalls thebrowsersbyusing thebrowser’snativesupport forautomationandother
browser-specificfeatures.Itsuniqueplatformandlanguageneutralinterfaceallowsforamore
seamlesscontrolofaWebbrowser.HowSeleniumWebDriverworksisshowninFigure5below:
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Figure5:SeleniumWebDriverWorkingPrinciple
4.1.2BrowserCompatibility
Browsershavedifferentcompatibilities.Forexample,MozillaFirefoxsupportsWebDriver
bydefault.However,Chromeand IE (32-bitsand64-bits) requirea specificexecutabledriver
(SeleniumHQ,2014).Tosolvethisproblem,thefirststepistodownloadtheexecutabledriver
fromGoogle’sChromiumwebsite
(https://sites.google.com/a/chromium.org/chromedriver/downloads)
andincludethefollowinglineofcodeintoSelenium:
System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver","/path/to/chromedriver");
EventhoughSeleniumWebDriversupportsmultiplebrowsers,wewillbefocusingmore
onIEandGoogleChromeasBarclaysonlysupportsthesetwo.Havingsaidthis,itisimportantto
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considerthepossibilityofadoptingaheadlessbrowsertestingmodelorabrowsersimulator(i.e.
HTMLUnit)sinceSeleniumWebDriveralsosupportsthis.Significantprocessingresourcescanbe
savedbyusingaheadlessbrowser.Andsinceallthefunctionswouldruninthebackground,this
would then create an even more seamless and “real” automated testing environment.
Additionally,onecouldstartautomatingonaheadlessserver(i.e.continuousintegrationservers
suchasJenkins).
4.1.3CallingJavabyUsingVBScript
TopreservetheexistingtestingcodethatiswritteninVBScript,wehadtofindawaytolink
JAVAandVBScripttogetherforthefollowingreasons:
1. SeleniumcannotuseVBScriptdirectly,butSeleniumcanuseJAVA;
2. JAVAisoneofthemostcommonlyusedscriptinglanguagesnowadays;
3. ItispossibletoconnectJAVAwithVBScript.
Before proceeding, we have to identify how Selenium would preserve VBScript. After
researching,wefoundthatwecanuseJAVAtogettheobject,andthenuseVBScripttocallJAVA.
Togettheobject,thecodewecanapplyinJAVAisshownbelow:
WebDriverdriver=newChromeDriver()
WebElementelement=driver.findElement(By.name("q"));
element.sendKeys(“test”)
ThisspecificcodeisshowninAppendix1.Appendix1istheextensionofthecodeseen
above.Whereasthecodeabovejustcontainsthemainfunctionsthatperformtheexecutions.
18|Dai,HoWu
Aftergettingtheobject,weusethecodeinVBScripttocalltheJAVAcodeinordertotestthe
objectsfoundsinthetestcasesthatarewritteninVBScript.ThecodetoinvokeJAVAbyusing
VBScriptisshowninAppendix2.AllthecodefoundintheAppendicesarewrittenwiththehelp
ofourmanager,KarleneWright.
4.1.4InstantiatingaSpecificBrowser
Toinstallaspecificbrowser,weneedtocreateabrowsernamebyaddinganewdriver.
ThispieceofcodeiswritteninJava.Thewebbrowsernamescanbe:Firefox,Chrome,Safari,or
InternetExplorer.Thecodeisshownbelow:
WebDriverdriver=new“BrowserName”Driver();
ToaccessawebpageinSelenium,weneedtouseWebDriverandHtmlUnitDriver
classes:
WebDriverdriver=newHtmlUnitDriver();
WebElementelement;
Moresamplecodetoopenabrowser,whichcheckstoseewhichbrowser iscurrently
beingusedisshowninAppendix3.ThesamplecodetoruntestcasesinGoogleChromeusing
SeleniumWebDriverandthesampleJavacodeimplementingaGooglesearchinSeleniumare
alsoincludedinAppendix3forreference.
4.1.5OtherWaystoGettheElementsbyUsingSelenium
TherearemultiplewaystogettheelementsinSelenium.SeleniumusesJAVAtogetthe
object,sothemostcommonlyusedfunctionisthe".FindElement"functionfoundinJAVA.The
19|Dai,HoWu
".FindElement" function can be used in different ways to access the objects. Inmost cases,
programmersfindtheelementusingtheobject'snameandID.Sometimes,theelementscanalso
befoundbyusingClassName,Tagname,LinkText,partialLinkText,orXPath.Thecodetofindan
elementthroughthenumerousaforementionedwayscanbefoundinAppendix4.
4.1.6HowtoImplementanObjectRepositoryinSelenium?
Itishardtolookforanobjecteverytimewhenweneedtotestit.However,it'seasyforQTP,
becauseithasanintegratedobjectrepositorythatstoresalltheobjects.Ifwearegoingtouse
theSeleniumWebDrivertoreplaceQTP,wehadtofindawaytostoretheobjectsinorderto
make iteasiertofindtheobjects.Afterconductingourresearch,wefoundthreemethodsto
applyanobjectrepositorywithinSelenium:
1. WecanstoretheORinanExcelfile(.xml),justlikeQTPdoes.
2. Wecanusepropertiesfiles.
• Thismethoduseskey-valuepairformat,whichtendstobemorereadableby
thesoftware.
3. WecanapplythePageObjectModelorPOM.
• ThismethodwillensuretheOR’sstructureissimilartoQTP’sORstructure.It
alsomeansthatthefinalcommandwilllookexactlylikeaQTPcommand.
Tofurtherexplainhowthesethreepossibleways,howtheywork,andhowtousethemto
executetheobjectrepository'swork,wedetailedeverythingbelowstepbystep:
Excelfile(.xml)
AnexampleofanXMLbeingusedasanobjectrepository,includingcoderetrievaland
20|Dai,HoWu
execution,isshowninAppendix5.
PropertyFiles
BackgroundaboutPropertyFiles
WecancreateanobjectrepositorybyrelyingonthepropertiesfilefeaturefoundinJava.The
.propertiesfileinJavaisjustabasiccollectionofkey-valuepairs.Therefore,theORcouldthen
beimplementedasacollectionofkey-valuepairs,withthekeybeingalogicalnameidentifying
theobjectandthevaluecontaininguniqueobjectspropertiesusedtoidentifytheobjectona
screen. This can be achieved by comparing the file’s properties to a specific format that is
recognizedbytheclassjava.util.Properties.TherulesoftheJavaPropertiesareasfollows(ATG,
2016):
1. Entriesaregenerallyexpectedtobeasinglelineoftheform,eitheroneofthefollowing
two:
o propertyName=propertyValue
o propertyName:propertyValue
2. Whitespacethatappearsbetweenthepropertynameandthepropertyvalueisignored,
asexemplifiedbelow:
o name=Stephen
o Whitespaceatthebeginningofthelineisalsoignored.
3. Lines that startwith the comment characters ! or # are ignored. Blank lines are also
ignored.
21|Dai,HoWu
4. Thepropertyvalueisgenerallyterminatedbytheendoftheline.Whitespacefollowing
thepropertyvalueisnotignoredandistreatedaspartofthepropertyvalue.
5. A property value can span several lines if each line is terminated by a backslash (‘\’)
character.Thiscanbeseenbelow:
targetCities=\
Detroit,\
Chicago,\
LosAngeles
This isequivalent to targetCities=Detroit,Chicago,LosAngeles. In this case,wehave to
rememberthatthewhitespaceatthebeginningofthelineshastobeignored.
6. Thecharacter’snewline,carriagereturn,andtabcanbeinsertedwithcharacters\n,\r,
and\t,respectively.
7. Thebackslashcharactermustbeescapedwithadoublebackslash.This isexemplified
below:
path=c:\\docs\\doc1
Oneimportantthingtonoteisthefactthatitisnotnecessarytoescapebackslashesin
property values when using the ATG Control Center Components window; the ATG
ControlCenterwillhandletheescapecharactersautomatically.
8. UNICODEcharacterscanbeenteredastheyareinaJavaprogram,usingthe\uprefix.For
example,“\u002c”.
WecanusetheJavainterfaceinSeleniumtoreadtheobjectpropertiesintovariablesand
thenhavethescriptsreferencethevariablespresent inthe interface.Todoso,wemustfirst
decidetheformatofthepropertiesfile.Afterthat,wecanstorealltheelement locators ina
22|Dai,HoWu
.XMLfileasanobjectrepository.However,onedrawbackofthismethodisthatitmighttakea
longtimetomanuallycreateallthepropertyfiles.Asamplepropertiesfileformatisthefollowing
one(Chavan,2016):
[logical_name]=[locator_type]~[locator_value]
Thedefinitionofeachtermisshownbelow:
[logical_name]:Thelogicalnamegenerallywouldbelabelofelement.[AsdisplayedontheUI]
[locator_type]:Thelocatortypemustbeonefromthefollowingtypes:id,name,className,
linkText,partialLinkText,cssSelector,xpath,tagName.
[locator_value]:Thisisthelocatorvalue,orthevalueoflocator_type
Thisishowthepropertyfilewouldenduplookinglike,asseeninFigure6:
Figure6:SamplePropertyFile
CreatingtheObjectRepositoryinSelenium(CodeforRunningaSimpleBingSearch)
TocreateanobjectrepositoryinSeleniumbyusingthepropertiesfile,weneedtowrite
thecodefordoingtheBingsearch. Inthisparticularcase,aBingsearchscriptwouldneedto
manipulatethreescreenobjects:
● Thetextboxwherethesearchstringistyped;
● Thesearchbuttonthatisclickedtosubmitthesearchquery;
23|Dai,HoWu
● Thetextfieldthatdisplaysthenumberofsearchresults
Theobjectmapwillbeasimple.propertiestextfilethatwecanaddtoourSeleniumproject,
asseeninFigure7:
Figure7:ObjectMap
Thekeyforeachobject,i.e.bing.homepage.textbox,isalogicalnamefortheobjectthat
wewilluseinourscript.Thecorrespondingvalueconsistsoftwoparts:theattributetypeused
foruniquelyidentifyingtheobjectonscreenandthecorrespondingattributevalue.Forexample,
the aforementioned text box is uniquely identified by its id attribute, which has the value
sb_form_q.
RetrievingandFetchingObjectsfromtheObjectRepository
Toretrieveobjectsfromanewlycreatedobjectmap,wewouldneedtodefineaclass,
ObjectMap,withaconstructorthattakesasingleargument,whichisthepathtothe.properties
file. Details on how to write an object map can be referred to Appendix 5. Objects can be
identified using a number of different properties (i.e. object IDs, CSS selectors and XPath
expressions).
HowCanWeUsetheObjectsfromanObjectMap?
Afterbeingabletoretrieveobjectsfromtheclassobjectmap,wecanstartusingthese
24|Dai,HoWu
objectsinthescriptaspartofthefunctions.Thecodetoexecutethemethodofaccessingan
objectrequiresaveryeasyandsimplestep:Thisstepinvolvesreferringtothekeyintheobject
map.ThisisalsocalledaslogicalnameandthiscodeisshowninAppendix6.
PageObjectModel
Background
Abetterapproachtoscriptmaintenanceistocreateaseparateclassfile,whichcanthen
findwebelements,fillthem,orverifythem.Thisclasscanbereusedinallthescriptsthatusethe
sameelement.Inthefuture,ifthereisanychangeinthewebelement,wewouldthenneedto
makechangeinjustoneclassfileandnotinalltendifferentscripts.ThisapproachiscalledPage
ObjectModel(POM).Thisapproachhelpsmakecodemorereadable,maintainable,andreusable.
The principle of POM is showed below, in Figure 8. If implemented properly, POM can help
organizethecode,reducemaintenanceefforts,andreducescriptcreationtime.
Figure8:ThePrincipleofthePageObjectModel
● InaPOMmodel,eachwebpageintheapplicationmusthaveacorrespondingpageclass.
● Thispageclasswillfindthewebelementsofthatwebpageandwillalsocontainafunction
25|Dai,HoWu
thatwillperformoperationsonthewebelements.
AdvantagesofthePageObjectModel
Thecodeiscleanerandeasiertounderstandbecausethestructurerequiresthatallthe
UI operations and flows be separated from verification. In addition, theObject Repository is
independentofthetestcases.ThesameORcanbeusedfornumerouspurposesandnumerous
tools.Lastbutnotthe least,giventhefactthattheORcanbereused,theamountofcode is
therebyreducedandoptimizationcantherebybeattained.
HowtoSetPOMUp?
FollowthestepsbelowtosetthePOMupandthecodecanbefoundinAppendix7:
1. Rightclickon‘x‘packagethenselectNew>Classandnameitas“ProductListing_Page”.
2. Createanotherpublicstaticclassinsidetheaboveclass‘x‘andnameitasProduct_1.
3. NowcreatedifferentStaticMethodsforeachchildelementofProduct_1.These
methodswillneedanArgument(WebDriver)andaReturnvalue(WebElement).
Totestthecode:TypeProductListing_Pageinthetestscriptandpressdot.Thiswilldisplay
alltheproductswehavespecifiedintheclass,asseeninFigure9.
Figure9:ExampleofaPageObjectModelinAction
SelectProduct_1andpressdotagain.Thiswillnowdisplayallthechildelements
26|Dai,HoWu
associatedwiththeparentProduct_1,asseenbelowinFigure10:
Figure10:ChildElementsintheProduct
TheresultingcommandlineisQTP-like:
ductListing_Page.Product_1.btn_AddToCart(driver).click();
4.2Alternative#2:UsingInternetExplorerObject
4.2.1Background
Internet Explorer Objects contains three types of members: Events, Methods and
Properties.VisualBasiccanaccessthisfunctionalitysinceInternetExplorersupportsautomation.
Forexample,thefunction“CreateObject”canbeusedinVisualBasictolaunchaninstanceof
InternetExplorer.
4.2.2HowDoesItWork?
Forexample,let’screateaVBScriptthatcanbeusedtotestaGooglewebpage.Toaccess
theGooglewebsiteURL,wehavetwopiecesofcodesinVBScriptthatareattachedinAppendix
8.Specifically,weusetheInternetExplorerObjecttocontrolaninstanceofWindowsInternet
27|Dai,HoWu
Explorerthroughautomation.Then.applicationgetstheautomationobjectfortheapplication
thatishostingthewebbrowsercontrol.Finally,weusethe“Navigate”functiontonavigatethe
resourceidentifiedbyaURL.InadditiontograbbingobjectsthroughtheURL,wealsoresearched
thewaytogetobjectsbyID.ThesecodesareshowninAppendix8.Additionally,wecanalsoget
thewebbuttonandthewebtablebyusingasimilarcodeinVBScript,which isalsoshownin
Appendix8.
4.2.3HowtoImplementtheObjectRepositoryintheIn-houseDevelopmentTool?
Therearetwomethodstostoretheobjects:UsingeitherExcelorthereferencedialogbox
method.
Excel(.XML)
Similartotheobjectrepository,whichisoriginallyintroducedinQTP,wecancreateour
ownobjectrepositorybycreatinganXMLfile.Tocreateourownobjectrepository,therearetwo
methods that can be used: Either using "ObjectRepositoryUtil Object" or using the object
repositorymanager.Then,wecanworkwithobjectrepositoryfiles(Local/Shared)fromoutside
ofUFT.
Forthefirstmethod,toconvertanobjectrepositoryinto.XMLformat,weeitherenter
"ObjectRepositoryUtil" in the searchboxunderneath the Index tabor use the code found in
Appendix8.
Forthesecondmethod,wecansimplyexportthe.XMLfile,byusingtheobject
repositorymanager.Wedosoby:
1. Toopentheobjectrepositorymanager,clickonResources
28|Dai,HoWu
andthenclickingonObjectRepositoryManager
Figure11:ObjectRepositoryManager
2. OpeningtheObjectRepository,thenclickingonFile,andthenopen
3. Toexportto.XMLformat,clickonFileandthenonExporttoXML
Figure12:ExportingtheXMLFile
ToaddtheobjectbyusingVBScript,weloadanexistingobjectrepositoryandusethe
AddObjectfunctiontoaddanobjecttoit.Thisisanexampleofhowwecanaddtheobjectby
usingVBScript.Soreversely,itisalsopossibletogettheobjectbyusingVBScript.Thedetailed
codeisattachedtoAppendix9.
Additionally,thereisanotherwaythatcanbeusedtogettheobjectfromXMLfile.The
codeforthiswayisalsoattachedtoAppendix8.
29|Dai,HoWu
ReferenceDialogBox
WecanmaketheobjectsintheInternetExploreravailabletoVisualBasic4.0throughthe
referencedialogbox.ThereferencedialogboxlistsalltheobjectsavailabletoVisualBasic.The
dialogbox canbe accessedby selecting Tools/References from themenubar. The reference
dialogboxhasareferencesettothe InternetExplorerobject library.Theproperreference is
describedinthedialogboxas"MicrosoftInternetControls."
OnceareferenceissetinVisualBasic,wecanstartexploitingtheobjectsinthecode.For
example,togetaninstanceoftheInternetExplorerbrowser,whichcanbeaccessedfromVisual
Basic,wecouldusethefollowingcode:
DimMyBrowserAsSHDocVw.InternetExplorer
SetMyBrowser=NewSHDocVw.InternetExplorer
Thereferencedialogboxallowsustoselectanotherapplication'sobjectsthatwewant
availableinourcodebysettingareferencetothatapplication'sobjectlibrary.
4.3ComparingtheTwoFeasibleSolutions
4.3.1SeleniumWebDriver
Using Selenium’s WebDriver would be beneficial in the long run given the fact that
Selenium’sWebDriverspecificationiscurrentlyindraftformtobecomeaW3C(WorldWideWeb
Consortium)WebStandard. Thiswillmean that anywebbrowser software vendorwouldbe
required to supportSeleniumWebDriverbyhaving theirown implementationof it.Although
Seleniumhasitsownscriptinglanguage,itisnotrestrictedtowriteinthatlanguagesinceitcan
work with other language bindings to support whatever scripting language the testers are
30|Dai,HoWu
comfortable with, including C#, Java, JavaScript, PHP, Python, among others. Additionally,
Seleniumoffers record-and-playbackcapabilities.Becauseof the rapid testdevelopment that
Seleniumenables,itisquitepopularforquick-cycledevelopmentmethodologiessuchasAgileor
ExtremeProgramming.Moreover,SeleniumisalsopopularwithITstaffwhoautomaterepetitive,
web-based administrative tasks. Furthermore, Selenium supports most operating systems,
amongthemWindows,Macintosh,Linux,Unix,andetc.Also,Seleniumcanbeintegratedwith
JenkinsorHudson for continuous integration (Kumykov, Luo, Shoop,&Zhang, 2016). Finally,
SeleniumcanbeusedforAndroid,iPhone,Blackberry,andetc.basedapplicationtesting,which
meansthatitwillbeusefulshouldBarclaysstartadoptingmobileGUIwebapps.
Despite itsnumerousfeatures,Seleniumisnotacomplete,comprehensivesolutionto
fully automate the testing of web applications. It requires third-party frameworks, language
bindings,andsoon tobe trulyeffective.Becausenative“Selenese” test scriptsarenotuser-
friendlyintermsofreadability,theyaredifficulttomodify.Additionally,Seleniumhastechnical
issues with browsers which are not Mozilla Firefox. Furthermore, it does not support
conditionals,loops,andhastroublefindinglocatorswithoutthehelpofadditionaltoolssuchas
Firebug.
4.3.2InternetExplorerObject
Ontheotherhand,allofBarclays’testcasesareeasiertodebugusingInternetExplorer
Object,becauseeverythingwouldbebuiltin-house.Itisveryuser-friendlytochoosetoapplyin-
housedevelopment toolbecauseall codeswillbewritten inone language,which isVBScript
language.SinceVBScriptisverysimilartoQTPlanguage,itiseasiertotranslatetheQTPpartof
31|Dai,HoWu
code.ItwouldalsobeeasierfortheVBScriptexperiencedstafftohandlethenewtoolsincethey
alreadyknowhowtowriteinVBScript.Additionally,thecodestogetdifferentobjectsinQTPare
similartothecodesusedinInternetExplorerObject,soitwouldbemoresimpletomanage.
However, there are alsodisadvantagesof using this in-housedevelopment tool. First,
Barclayswouldhavetomanuallywriteallthefunctionstooperatetheentiretestingframework.
Thiswouldindirectlycostthecompanymoneyastheyneedtohireandtrainpeopletowriteall
thefunctionsandbuildtheentirelibrary.Itwillalsotaketimetodevelopanewin-housetool,
eventhoughwehaveageneralideaonhowtogetthisdone.Finally,itishardertodebugthe
codeduetothelackofwideronlineusercommunity.Inordertocheckthebug,wewouldhave
torunthecodeandthencheckfortheerrormanually.
32|Dai,HoWu
Chapter5:RecommendationsandConclusions
5.1Conclusion
Aftercomparingthetenalternatives,thereisonlyonetoolsatisfiesall fourcriteria⎯
SeleniumWebdriver.ByusingSeleniumWebdriverasanautomationtestingsoftware,wefirst
needtowritecodetousetheprogramminglanguageJAVAtogetobjects.Then,weneedtolink
JAVAtoVBScriptbyinvokingJAVAfilesbyusingcodethatwouldbewritteninVBScript.Tofully
replacethecurrentBarclaystestingtool,QTP/UFT,weresearchedthreewaystoreplaceobject
repositorytomaintainthefunctionalityofstoringobjectspresentinQTP.
However, the main disadvantage of Selenium is the inconsistency of obtaining the
objects.Thus,wecontinuedresearchingandfoundawaytodevelopanin-housedevelopment
toolbyusingInternetExplorerObject.Inthisway,wecanuseVBScripttogettheobjectinstead
ofusingQTP/UFT.Thereisnoneedofanypluginstoconnectthe“getelement”functionswith
the testing cases since all test cases arewritten in VBScript. Thiswould largely increase the
systemconsistencyandsavetheteamtimetostudynewprogramminglanguages.Thiswouldbe
thebestsolutionintheshortrun.
In comparing SeleniumWebDriver against Internet ExplorerObject, Seleniumhas the
advantages of increasing the efficiency of web application testing, having a function library,
supportingmultipleoperatingsystem,anddraftingtobethestandardoftheWorldWideWeb
Consortium,which outweigh the advantages of Internet Explorer Objects, which is easier to
debugandmoreconsistenttoruntheVBScripttestcases.
33|Dai,HoWu
5.2Recommendations
Intheshortrun,wesuggesttocreateanin-housedevelopmenttoolbyusingtheVBScript
scripting language, because it ties better to our current testing framework. In addition, the
VBScriptlanguageistheQTP-likedscriptinglanguage.ItiseasiertoconverttheQTP/UFTpiece
ofcodetoVBScriptlanguage.Nootherprogramminglanguagewouldinterferewiththechanges.
As a consequence, the migration from QTP to the in-house development tool can happen
smoothly.
However, in the long run, we suggest replacing QTP/UFT with Selenium WebDriver,
becauseit isatrendthatallmanualtestsaregoingtobeautomated.Especiallyfordoingthe
regressiontestthatneedstobeexecutedoverandoveragain.Theseleniumwouldbeusefulin
thelongterm.IfBarclayswilldevelopthemobileGUIwebappinthefuture,SeleniumWebDriver
would alsobeuseful for the testingpurposes. In addition,we recommend the team to start
writingtestingcasesinJavaanduseSeleniumWebDriverforGUIWebapptestingpurposesin
futurenewprojects.
EventhoughSeleniumWebDriversupportsmultiplebrowsers,wewillbefocusingmore
onIEandGoogleChromesinceBarclaysonlysupportsthesetwo.Havingsaidthis,itisimportant
toconsiderthepossibilityofadoptingaheadlessbrowsertestingmodel,orabrowsersimulator
(i.e.HTMLUnit)sinceSeleniumWebDriveralsosupportsthis.Significantprocessingresourcescan
besavedbyusingaheadlessbrowser.Andsinceeverythingwouldruninthebackground,this
would then create an even more seamless and “real” automated testing environment.
Additionally,onecouldstartautomatingonaheadlessserver(i.e.continuousintegrationservers
34|Dai,HoWu
suchasJenkins).
Throughtheserecommendations,wehopethatitwouldsavetheteamtheyearlycostof
theirUFTlicensesandpreventanyotherexecutionissuesthattheyarecurrentlyfacingwhen
dealingwithUFT.TheserecommendationscouldeventuallybeusefultootherBarclaysteams,
shouldBarclaysdecidenottouseUFTinthefuture.
35|Dai,HoWu
Chapter6:ReflectingonourExperienceatBarclays
6.1DiscussionofDesignintheContextoftheProject
OurprojectatBarclayswasanopportunityforustoapplywhatwehavelearnedatWPI.
WPIchallengedustothinkcriticallyandtoworkinafast-pacedenvironment.Thisallowedusto
adaptmoreeasilyintoBarclay'schallengingworkingenvironment.Asamajorglobalinvestment
bankwithalonghistory,Barclayscontinuouslystrivestobeaforward-thinkingorganizationina
highlycompetitive industry.Duetodemandingnatureofthebusiness,Barclaysplacesa large
emphasis on employing cutting-edge technologies, while still striving tomaintain the legacy
systemstheyhaveinplace.InordertofurtherBarclays'cutting-edgetechnologies,weworked
withthequalityassuranceteamtoimprovetheircurrentGUIautomationtestingframework.
6.2DiscussionofConstraintsConsideredintheDesign
Atthebeginningoftheproject,weweretaskedtofindanalternativeautomationtool
thatcouldreplacethecurrenttestingsoftwareinordertoreducecostsandincreaseusability.To
achievethis,wehadtodevelopedseveralpotentialsolutionstotheissue.Beforewestartedour
research, we had to better understand the demands and constraints of this project. After
consultingsubjectmatterexperts,wedevisedfourconstraintsthathelpeduscomeupwitha
solutionthatwouldnotonlysatisfytheirneeds,butalsobefullycompatiblewiththeirlegacy
code.
Weexploredsoftwaretoolsthatwereopensourceandeasilymodifiable.Byusingafree
andopen-sourcesoftware,wepotentiallysavedthecompanytensofthousandsofdollarsintheir
web application development. Additionally, we ensured that our solutions would support
VBScriptscriptinglanguagebecauseexistingtestcaseswerewritteninthislanguage.
36|Dai,HoWu
6.3DiscussionoftheNeedforLife-longLearning
Embedded within WPI's motto, "Lehr und Kunst", is the idea of embracing lifelong
learning.Learningdoesn'thavetostopaftergraduation.Itisnotconfinedtoacademiclearning,
sinceitalsomeansapplyingwhatwehavelearnedinordertoimproveourlivesandthelivesof
thosearoundus.
Fortheproject,afterreviewingtheoriginalframeworkofthetestingprocess,wewere
abletocomeupwithsolutionsthatwouldsatisfytheconstraintsgiventouswhilestillachieving
the intendedgoal.We learnedthat insuchacomplexenvironment, it ishardtoeradicateall
legacycode.
DespitethefactthatwecouldnotupgradetheentireGUIautomationtestingframework,
wefeelthatourprojectwasasuccessnonetheless.Allinall,wewereabletogrowandseethe
importanceofapplyingtheknowledgeandskillsinstilledonusbyWPI.Wewereabletowitness
firsthandtheimportanceofaproject-basedcurriculumanditseffectsinfosteringeffectivecareer
development.
37|Dai,HoWu
WorksCited
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Chavan,A.(2016,716).Saturday,July16,2016HighlightElementinSeleniumWebDriver.Retrieved1214,2016,fromQualityPerspective:https://qaperspective.blogspot.com/2016_07_01_archive.html
Delaware,B.B.(2016).Barclaysbankinghistory.Retrieved12,2017,fromBarclays:https://www.banking.barclaysus.com/our-history.html
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Kumykov,K.,Luo,T.,Shoop,A.K.,&Zhang,B.(2016,1).DevelopmentofanOperationalProcessforContinuousDelivery.Retrieved12,2017,fromWPI:https://web.wpi.edu/Pubs/E-project/Available/E-project-012216-150216/unrestricted/WallSt_Barclays2_MQP.pdf
Microsoft.(2015).UseUIAutomationToTestYourCode.Retrieved1112,2016,fromMicrosoftDeveloperNetwork:https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dd286726.aspx
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39|Dai,HoWu
Appendix1
UsingJAVAtogettheobject:
packagemypackage;
importorg.openqa.selenium.By;
importorg.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
importorg.openqa.selenium.WebElement;
importorg.openqa.selenium.support.ui.ExpectedCondition;
importorg.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
importorg.openqa.selenium.support.ui.WebDriverWait;
publicclassmyclass{
publicstaticvoidmain(String[]args){
System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver","C:\\selenium-java-2.35.0\\chromedriver_win32_2.2\\chromedriver.exe");
WebDriverdriver=newChromeDriver();
driver.get("http://www.google.com");
WebElementelement=driver.findElement(By.name("q"));
element.sendKeys("Cheese!");
element.submit();
//driver.close();
}
}
40|Dai,HoWu
Appendix2
VBScriptcodeinvokingJAVA:
callPerformSearch("qtpvbsdemojar.jar","Search","C:/wpiintern/IEDriverServer.exe","http://www.google.com","Google","test")
PublicSubPerformSearch(sJarFile,sFunction,sPath,sURL,sTitle,sInput)
sCmdString="java-jar"&Chr(34)&sJarFile&Chr(34)&""&trim(sFunction)&""&_Chr(34)&sPath&Chr(34)&""&Chr(34)&sURL&Chr(34)_&""&Chr(34)&sTitle&Chr(34)&""&Chr(34)&sInput&Chr(34)
sError=ExecCmdString(sCmdString)
EndSub
PublicSubPerformSearch2(sFunction,sJarFile,sMainFunction,sFunc,sPath,sTitle,sInput)
sCmdString="java-cp"&Chr(34)&sJarFile&Chr(34)&""&trim(sMainFunction)&""&_Chr(34)&sFunc&Chr(34)&""&Chr(34)&sPath&Chr(34)&""&Chr(34)&sURL&Chr(34)_&""&Chr(34)&sTitle&Chr(34)&""&Chr(34)&sInput&Chr(34)
sError=ExecCmdString(sCmdString)
EndSub
PrivateFunctionExecCmdString(sCmdString)
SetoExec=CreateObject("WScript.Shell")
SetoOutExec=oExec.Exec(sCmdString)
ExecCmdString=oOutExec.StdErr.ReadAll
IfInStr(ExecCmdString,"FAIL")=0andInStr(ExecCmdString,"Exception")=0
Then
ExecCmdString=""
EndIf
SetoOutExec=Nothing
SetoExec=Nothing
EndFunction
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Appendix3
Samplecodetoopenabrowser(itcheckstoseewhichbrowsertouse):
publicStringopenBrowser(Stringobject,Stringdata,StringconfigPath){APP_LOGS.debug("Openingbrowser");if(CONFIG.getProperty(data).equals("Mozilla"))driver=newFirefoxDriver();elseif(CONFIG.getProperty(data).equals("IE"))driver=newInternetExplorerDriver();elseif(CONFIG.getProperty(data).equals("Chrome"))driver=newChromeDriver();elseif(CONFIG.getProperty(data).equals("Safari"))driver=newSafariDriver();driver.manage().window().maximize();}publicStringclickButton(Stringobject,Stringdata,StringconfigPath){OR=newObjectRepLocator(ObjectRepo);APP_LOGS.debug("ClickingonButton");try{driver.findElement(By.xpath(OR.getLocator(object,configPath))).click();}catch(Exceptione){returnConstants.KEYWORD_FAIL+"Notabletoclickonbutton"+e.getMessage();}returnConstants.KEYWORD_PASS;}
SamplecodetoruntestcasesinGoogleChromeusingtheSeleniumWebDriver:importjava.io.IOException;importorg.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;importorg.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;publicclassChromeTest{/***@paramargs*@throwsInterruptedException*@throwsIOException*/publicstaticvoidmain(String[]args)throwsInterruptedException,IOException{//TellingthesystemwheretofindtheChromedriver
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System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver","E:/chromedriver_win32/chromedriver.exe");WebDriverwebDriver=newChromeDriver();//Openinggoogle.comwebDriver.navigate().to("http://www.google.com");Stringhtml=webDriver.getPageSource();//Printingresulthere.System.out.println(html);webDriver.close();webDriver.quit();}}
SampleJavacodeimplementingaGooglesearchinSelenium://InitializeaninstanceofWebDriver WebDriverdriver=newHtmlUnitDriver(); //LoadGoogle.com driver.get("https://www.google.com"); //Proceedtoprintthetitle System.out.println("Pagetitle:"+driver.getTitle()); //Enterthesearchwordintothequeryboxandsubmitthesearch WebElementelement=driver.findElement(By.name("q")); element.sendKeys("Test"); element.submit(); //Printthepagetitle System.out.println("Pagetitle:"+driver.getTitle()); //ProceedtoquittheWebDriver driver.quit();
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Appendix4
ThefindelementbyIDfunctioncanbewrittenineitherway:WebElementUsername=driver.findElement(By.Id(“Username”));//ActioncanbeperformedonInputButtonelementelement.Submit();orBylocator=By.id(“UserName”);WebElementUserName=driver.findElement(locator);BynameThefunctiontogettheelementbynamecanbewrittenas:WebElementelement=driver.findElement(By.name(“firstname”));//ActioncanbeperformedonInputtestelementElement.sendKeys(“ToolsQA”);Thefunctiontogettheelementbyclassnamecanbewrittenas:WebElementparentElement=driver.findElement(By.className(“button”));WebElementchildElement=parentElement.findElement(By.id(“submit”));childElement.submit();Thefunctiontogettheelementbytagname:WebElementparentElement=driver.findElement(By.tagName(“button”));//ActioncanbeperformedonInputButtonelementElement.submit();Thefunctiontogettheelementbylinktextandpartiallinktext:WebElementparentElement=driver.findElement(By.LinkText(“PartialLinkTest”));Element.clear();//OrcanbeidentifiedasWebElementelement=driver.findElement(By.partialLinkText(“Partial”));Element.clear();Thefunctiontogettheelementbyxpath:WebElementUsername=driver.findElement(By.xpath(“ElementXPATHEXPRESSION”));element.Submit();
44|Dai,HoWu
Appendix5
<ObjRep><url>http://www.google.com</url><search_TxtFld>q</search_TxtFld><submt>btnG</submt></ObjRep>Toretrievethisparticularinstance:publicvoidobjRepository(StringeleName){try{Filefile=newFile("F:\\Test.xml");DocumentBuilderFactorydbf=DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance();DocumentBuilderdb=dbf.newDocumentBuilder();Documentdoc=db.parse(file);doc.getDocumentElement().normalize();//System.out.println("Thenodenameis:"+doc.getDocumentElement().getNodeName());NodeListnList=doc.getElementsByTagName("ObjRep");//System.out.println("Thelengthis:"+nList.getLength());for(inti=0;i<nList.getLength();i++){NodenNode=nList.item(i);if(nNode.getNodeType()==Node.ELEMENT_NODE){Elementele=(Element)nNode;System.out.println(ele.getElementsByTagName(eleName).item(i).getTextContent());}}}catch(Exceptione){e.printStackTrace();}}ToutilizetheObjectRepository:WebDriverd=newFirefoxDriver();d.get(objRepository(url));d.findelement(by.name(objRepository(search_TxtFld)).sendkeys("test");d.findelement(by.name(search_TxtFld(submt)).click();
45|Dai,HoWu
Appendix6
publicclassObjectMap{Propertiesprop;publicObjectMap(StringstrPath){prop=newProperties();try{FileInputStreamfis=newFileInputStream(strPath);prop.load(fis);fis.close();}catch(IOExceptione){System.out.println(e.getMessage());}}TheclasscontainsasinglemethodgetLocator,whichreturnsaByobjectthatisusedbytheSeleniumbrowserdriverobject(suchasaHtmlUnitDriveroraFirefoxDriver):publicBygetLocator(StringstrElement)throwsException{//retrievethespecifiedobjectfromtheobjectlistStringlocator=prop.getProperty(strElement);//extractthelocatortypeandvaluefromtheobjectStringlocatorType=locator.split(":")[0];StringlocatorValue=locator.split(":")[1];//fortestinganddebuggingpurposesSystem.out.println("Retrievingobjectoftype'"+locatorType+"'andvalue'"+locatorValue+"'fromtheobjectmap");//returnainstanceoftheByclassbasedonthetypeofthelocator//thisBycanbeusedbythebrowserobjectintheactualtestif(locatorType.toLowerCase().equals("id"))returnBy.id(locatorValue);elseif(locatorType.toLowerCase().equals("name"))returnBy.name(locatorValue);elseif((locatorType.toLowerCase().equals("classname"))||(locatorType.toLowerCase().equals("class")))returnBy.className(locatorValue);elseif((locatorType.toLowerCase().equals("tagname"))||(locatorType.toLowerCase().equals("tag")))returnBy.className(locatorValue);elseif((locatorType.toLowerCase().equals("linktext"))||(locatorType.toLowerCase().equals("link")))
46|Dai,HoWu
returnBy.linkText(locatorValue);elseif(locatorType.toLowerCase().equals("partiallinktext"))returnBy.partialLinkText(locatorValue);elseif((locatorType.toLowerCase().equals("cssselector"))||(locatorType.toLowerCase().equals("css")))returnBy.cssSelector(locatorValue);elseif(locatorType.toLowerCase().equals("xpath"))returnBy.xpath(locatorValue);elsethrownewException("Unknownlocatortype'"+locatorType+"'");}Gettingtheobjectsfromtheobjectsmap:publicstaticvoidmain(Stringargs[]){//CreateanewinstanceoftheobjectmapObjectMapobjMap=newObjectMap("objectmap.properties");//StartabrowserdriverandnavigatetoGoogleWebDriverdriver=newHtmlUnitDriver();driver.get("http://www.bing.com");//Executeourtesttry{//RetrievesearchtextboxfromobjectmapandtypesearchqueryWebElementelement=driver.findElement(objMap.getLocator("bing.homepage.textbox"));element.sendKeys("AlfaRomeo");//Retrievesearchbuttonfromobjectmapandclickitelement=driver.findElement(objMap.getLocator("bing.homepage.searchbutton"));element.click();//Retrievenumberofsearchresultsusingresultsobjectfromobjectmapelement=driver.findElement(objMap.getLocator("bing.resultspage.results"));System.out.println("Searchresultstring:"+element.getText());//VerifypagetitleAssert.assertEquals(driver.getTitle(),"AlfaRomeo-Bing");
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}catch(Exceptione){System.out.println("Errorduringtestexecution:\n"+e.toString());}}
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Appendix7
1)Rightclickon‘x‘packagethenselectNew>Classandnameitas“ProductListing_Page”.
publicclassProductListing_Page{}
2)Createanotherpublicstaticclassinsidetheaboveclass‘x‘andnameitasProduct_1.publicclassProductListing_Page{publicstaticclassProduct_1}}3)NowcreatedifferentStaticMethodsforeachchildelementofProduct_1.ThesemethodswillneedanArgument(WebDriver)andaReturnvalue(WebElement).packagex;importorg.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;importorg.openqa.selenium.WebElement;publicclassProductListing_Page{publicstaticclassProduct_1{publicstaticWebElementtxt_Price(WebDriverdriver){WebElementelement=null;//WriteCodetofindelementherereturnelement;}publicstaticWebElementtxt_SalesPrice(WebDriverdriver){WebElementelement=null;//WriteCodetofindelementherereturnelement;}publicstaticWebElementimg_Product(WebDriverdriver){WebElementelement=null;//WriteCodetofindelementherereturnelement;}publicstaticWebElementtxt_Name(WebDriverdriver){WebElementelement=null;//WriteCodetofindelementherereturnelement;}
49|Dai,HoWu
publicstaticWebElementtxt_Desc(WebDriverdriver){WebElementelement=null;//WriteCodetofindelementherereturnelement;}publicstaticWebElementbtn_AddToCart(WebDriverdriver){WebElementelement=null;//WriteCodetofindelementherereturnelement;}}}ThispieceofcodeforSeleniumissimilartoQTP’sintelligentcodecompletionstructure.
50|Dai,HoWu
Appendix8
AccessingthewebsiteURL:DimURLDimIESetIE=CreateObject("internetexplorer.application")URL="https://www.google.com"IE.Visible=TrueIE.NavigateURLWScript.QuitMainFunctionMainSetIE=WScript.CreateObject("InternetExplorer.Application","IE_")IE.Visible=TrueIE.Navigate"http://google.com"EndFunctionUsingVBStoaccessthewebbygetelementorbyID:DimobjWshShell,IE,searchStrSetobjWshShell=Wscript.CreateObject("Wscript.Shell")SetIE=CreateObject("InternetExplorer.Application")searchStr="test"WithIE.Visible=True.Navigate"http://www.google.com"'WaitforBrowserDoWhile.BusyWScript.Sleep100Loop.document.getElementById("lst-ib").Value=searchStrEndWithobjWshShell.SendKeys"{ENTER}"UsingVBStoloadawebbutton(returnvaluesbyclick):DimobjWshShell,IE,searchStrSetobjWshShell=Wscript.CreateObject("Wscript.Shell")SetIE=CreateObject("InternetExplorer.Application")WithIE.Visible=True.Navigate"https://www.wpi.edu/"
51|Dai,HoWu
'WaitforBrowserDoWhile.BusyWScript.Sleep100Loop.document.getElementById("search-dropdown-button").ClickEndWithUsigVBStoloadawebtable:DimBrowser,strOutSetBrowser=CreateObject("InternetExplorer.Application")WithBrowser.Visible=False.Navigate"http://anees.amoeba.co.in/table.html"'WaitforBrowserDoWhile.BusyWScript.Sleep100LoopEndWithSetdaTable=Browser.Document.getElementById("daTable")strOut=""Fori=0TodaTable.rows.length-1Forj=0TodaTable.rows.item(i).cells.length-1strOut=strOut&daTable.rows.item(i).cells.item(j).innerText&Chr(9)NextstrOut=strOut&Chr(13)&Chr(10)NextBrowser.QuitBrowser=NullMsgbox"TableData:"&Chr(13)&Chr(10)&strOut
52|Dai,HoWu
Appendix9
CodetoconvertobjectrepositoryintoXMLformat:CreatingtheObjectRepositoryUtiltoworkwithORSetobjORU=CreateObject("Mercury.ObjectRepositoryUtil")ExportingtheORintonewXMLfile:objORU.ExportToXML"C:\Users\TestMe.tsr","C:\Users\TestMe.XML"'DestroyingtheobjectSetobjORU=NothinghowtoaddtheobjectbyusingVBScriptSetmyRepository=CreateObject("Mercury.ObjectRepositoryUtil")myRepository.Load"C:\QuickTest\Tests\Flights.tsr"myRepository.AddObjectmyLink,Browser("B").Page("P"),"myLinkName"AnotherwaythatcanbeusedtogettheobjectfromXMLfile,weusethefollowingfunctions:SetobjExcel=GetObject(,"Excel.Application")ForEachobjWorkbookInobjExcel.WorkbooksWScript.EchoobjWorkbook.NameNextObjExcel.QuitNoticethecommabefore'Excel.Application'.ThescriptgetsareferencetoarunningExcelapplication,listsopenworkbooksnamesandquitsExcel.