bangladesh challenges
TRANSCRIPT
AIM
CHALLENGES POVERTY EDUCATION CORRUPTION UNEMPLOYMENT INFRUSTRUCTURE CLIMATE POLITICAL UNREST
THE CHALLENGES OF 21ST CENTURIES(POVERTY)
POVERTY Poverty is a constant companion of most of the people
of Bangladesh due to some specific reasons for which the rich are becoming more rich and the poor are becoming poorer .
Bangladesh is considered as one of the poorest countries in the world, faces three major crises namely economically, politically and environmentally.
REASON BEHIND POVERTY
• Rapid growth of population.• Inequitable distribution of land, income and productive assets.• Low wage.• Natural calamities (river erosion,
cyclone, tidal surge, excessive rain).• Under developed communications system.• Lack of education and skilled labour.• Limited access to public services.
POVERTY SCENARIO IN BD
Around 31% of the rural population presently suffers the indignity of chronic poverty low consumption, hunger and under-nutrition or more.
About 24% of the total population currently lives in extreme income-poverty.
About 19% of rural households cannot have 'full three meals' a day
About 40 million people go to bed without meal every night.
CONT. About 10% survive on two meals or less for a
number of months every year. While Bangladesh has come out of the "shadow of famine", the problem of starvation still persists.
This observation shows that Bangladesh is a country of poor.
WHY BANGLADESH FAIL TO REMOVE POVERTY
• Lack of innovation– Small market for new inventions
• No profits = no inventions– Endogenous growth cycle:
• Big markets encourage invention• Inventions promote big markets
– Low income countries:• 37% population• 11% GDP• 1% patents
– Need foreign investment to bring technology• Key to East Asian economies• Sweat shops are first step• Starts at port cities
THE SCENARIO OF GLOBAL POVERTY
THE SCENARIO OF BANGLADESH
BANGLADESH ON THE LADDER TO DEVELOPMENT
• Per capita income doubled since independence (1971)– Infant mortality 1/3
• Microcredit more available• Health care more available
– And birth control• Women now more empowered
– Want education– Want fewer children
FIVE DEVELOPMENT INTERVENTIONS
Boost Agriculture Improve basic health Invest in Education Power, Transport and
Communications Safe drinking water and sanitation
AFTERTHOUGHT Although, several international organizations like IMF, World
Bank; Government and Non Governmental organizations have been working for the alleviation of poverty but the success in the field is very negligible i.e. 1% or 1.8% at best each year. Statistics show reduction of poverty in the last five years (1999---2004) from 44.7% to 42.1%. But according to the principles of Millennium Development Goals (MDG), we have to reduce poverty by 1.15% every year.
OVERVIEW OF EDUCATION SYSTEM
PROBLEMS IN SCHOOL-COLLEGE LEVEL
Number of schools and colleges are not adequate Quality and availability of teachers
PROBLEMS IN SCHOOL-COLLEGE LEVEL
Lack of funds
PROBLEMS IN SCHOOL-COLLEGE LEVEL
Too much pressure Certificate and exam based
PROBLEMS IN SCHOOL-COLLEGE LEVEL
Huge drop out rate- From primary to secondary and secondary to higher secondary
PROBLEMS IN UNIVERSITY LEVEL Public universities are too few in
number(only 36) Expenditure of private universities is
too high Limited range of courses offered Lack of Qualified and Specialized
subject lecturers Insufficient Lab & Classrooms facility Student politics Season delay
PROBLEMS IN UNIVERSITY LEVEL
SOLUTIONS Establishing Educational Institutions Providing Adequate Fund by Annual
Budget Qualified and Experienced Teacher Minimizing drop Out Rate Launching Actual vocational Education Technical Support through ICT
UNEMPLOYMENT 1. There is less field for job opportunity 2.Most of the people don’t learn to choose
independent career 3.A low quality of education system in our
country 4. Less opportunity on job facility 5. A less number of mills, factories and
industries.
SOLUTION 1. In order to eliminate this problem we have to moblize all our
energy to this great purpose without wasting time. 2. The most essential measure is industrialization. 3. A large number of mills, factories and industries should be
set up where many of our youths will get the opportunity to work.
4. A great change should be brought in our educational system. 5. More importance should be given on professional and
technical education. 6. The educated youth should change their attitude to life. 7. They must learn to choose independent career. 8. They can start small business. 9. Self employment is possible solution to this great problem .
CORRUPTION
CORRUPTION
In philosophical, theological, or moral discussions, corruption is the abuse of bestowed power or position to acquire a personal benefit. Corruption may include many activities including bribery and embezzlement. Government, or 'political', corruption occurs when an office-holder or other governmental employee acts in an official capacity for personal gain.
TYPES OF CORRUPTION BRIBERY EMBEZZLEMENT AND FRAUD EXTORTION A CONFLICT OF INTEREST FAVOURITISM,NEPOTISM AND
CRONYISM SYSTEMATIC CORRUPTION
DIAGNOSTIC SURVEY OF INCIDENCE OF CORRUPTION INSERVICE SECTOR(2010)Table 1—Corruption and irregularities faced by households in different service sector1Name %1. Judiciary 88.02. Law-Enforcement Agency 79.73. Land Administration 71.24. Tax and Customs 51.35. Electricity 45.96. Agriculture 45.37. Local Government 43.98. Health 33.29. Insurance 19.2
According to this Report sector-wise corruption in Bangladesh is as followsPolice-------------------20.67%Local govt.----------------11.67%Education --------------10.93%Health--------------------7.8%Others------------------48.92%Total-------------------100%Source: T. I. B. Dainik Snag bad, 6th October 2002 & Internet Centre for Corruption research
SOLUTION
1.Enhanced Transparency and Accountability2.Components of Open Budget Survey3.Simplification of Regulations, Professional Civil Service,and Decentralization4.Reforms of Election Campaign Finance5.An Effective Anti-Corruption Commission6.Strengthening Civil Society Participation7.Rules and Legal InstrumentsTransparency
Infrastructure refers to the fundamental facilities and systems serving a country, city or area, including the services and facilities necessary for its economy to function. It typically characterizes technical structures such as roads, bridges, tunnels, water supply, sewers, electrical grids, telecommunications, and so forth, and can be defined as ‘the physical components’ of interrelated systems providing commoditiesand services essential to enable, sustain, or enhance societal living conditions.
Traffic Planning
UNPLANNED & BROKEN RAILWAY SYSTEM
METRO RAILWAY
UNPLANNED PUBLIC HOUSING
Sewerage problems&
Flood
Communication Insufficiency
BANGLADESH TOURISM
Our Aesthetic Tourism Spots
LALBAGH FORT LALBAGH FORT
AHSAN MANJIL
SHAT GAMBUJ MASQUE
PAHARPUR BIHAR
BUDDHIST TEMPLE
SUNDARBAN
SYLHET TEA GARDEN
JAFLONG
NILGIRI
HIMCHARI
KAPTAI LAKE
KAPTAI LAKE
KAPTAI BRIDGE
JINJIRA
SAINT MARTINS
COX’S BAZAR
FLAWS
To Attract Tourists & Lack Of Publicity A Dearth of Proper Guidance for Visitors Safety Problem: Insecurity Caring Problem for Conservation of Tourism Spots Stratagem Problems To Beautify Spots
ENVIRONMENTAL CHALLENGES IN BANGLADESH
Ken????
CLIMATE CHANGE The most general definition of climate
change is a change in the statistical properties of the climate system when considered over long periods of time, regardless of cause. The term sometimes is used to refer specifically to climate change caused by human activity, as opposed to changes in climate that may have resulted as part of Earth's natural processes.
SO THAT’S CLIMATE CHANGESo the world’s weather is changing.
There are floods in some places and droughts in others.
There will be more storms and it may get too hot to live in some places.
People all over the world will be affected.
How is the climate changing where you live?
End presentation
REGIONAL DISTRIBUTION OF NATURAL DISASTERS (1993-2002)
Africa21%
Americas20%
Asia42%
Europe14%
Oceania3%
DISTRIBUTION OF PEOPLE KILLED (1993-2002)
High human development
2%
Medium human
development32%
Low human development
66%
Lecture 4. Climate change and the integrated coastal system. Wednesday 25
July 2007
Cyclones/ Marine Processes
River Floods/ Sediment SupplyChanging Land Use/Catchment Management
Sedimentation,Tectonics,Subsidence,Growing Populationand Economy
NATURAL PROCESSES
HUMAN‘PROCESSES’
‘GlobalClimate Change’
ClimateVariability
Environmental Challenges
River FloodRiver Bank Erosion
Flash Flood.Surge height >1mSurge height <1m
Most common natural disasters
CYCLONIC STORM SURGE DISASTERS IN BANGLADESH
1970- 470000 People died1991- 140000 people died 2007- SIDR -4000 people died+ huge damages to crop and infrastructure2009 Cyclone AILA- 200 people killed + Huge damages, water logging in coastal polders
MAJOR CYCLONE THAT HIT BANGLADESH (NPDM): 2010
RECENT SUCCESS Bangladesh has already developed salinity
tolerant, flood tolerant and shorter maturity varieties of rice. This will help in the short run.
Extensive agricultural extension services are needed to make these varieties available to the farmers.
But this is only the beginning: more varieties and appropriate ecosystem-based agricultural system need to be developed and popularized
SOLUTION Adaptation is necessary to cope with the unavoidable
dimensions of climate change and is essential in ameliorating near-term threats. Adequate physical, economic and institutional capacities can reduce the vulnerability of high-risk communities and groups. Comprehensive adaptation can help many communities to minimize economic losses induced by natural disasters.
One immediate need is to start multi-disciplinary human capability development planning and implementation for climate and environmental management.
Intensive training program for climate displaced community to adapt and cope with new situation
POLITICAL UNREST
SOLUTION PEACEFUL SOLUTION AMONG
POLITICAL PARTIES NOT WORKING FOR PERSONAL GAIN VIOLENT CONFICTS SHOULD END LAW ENORCEMENT AGENCIES SHOULD
WORK FOR THE PEOPLE JUDISTRICAL SYSTEM SHOULD BE
INDEPENDENT
THANK YOU!!