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BANGLADESHBANGLADESH- An Overview- An Overview


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INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION

CAPITAL - DHAKACAPITAL - DHAKACURRENCY - TAKACURRENCY - TAKA

LANGUAGE - BANGLALANGUAGE - BANGLAAREA - 133,910 sq. km.AREA - 133,910 sq. km.POPULATION - 153,546,896POPULATION - 153,546,896

PER. CAPITA - $1500PER. CAPITA - $1500


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LOCATIONLOCATION

Bangladesh is located inBangladesh is located inthe north eastern part of the north eastern part of India with bay of Bengal onIndia with bay of Bengal onits southern sideits southern side

Bangladesh has a highlyBangladesh has a highlyfertile black soil which isfertile black soil which is

irrigated by many riversirrigated by many riversflowing through India likeflowing through India likeGanga Yamuna etc..Ganga Yamuna etc..


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AS A NATIONAS A NATION

Bangladesh became one of the last largeBangladesh became one of the last largenation states in 1971.nation states in 1971.

Prior to the creation of Pakistan in 1947,Prior to the creation of Pakistan in 1947,Bangladesh was a part of India which wasBangladesh was a part of India which wasruled by the British and Mughal Empires.ruled by the British and Mughal Empires.The father of the country and its first The father of the country and its first

prime minister was Sheikh Mujiburprime minister was Sheikh MujiburRahman.Rahman.Sheikh Hasina WazedSheikh Hasina Wazed is currently theis currently theprime minister.prime minister.


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SOURCES OFSOURCES OF

ECONOMYECONOMYAgricultureAgriculture - the agricultural- the agriculturaleconomy of Bangladesh.economy of Bangladesh.IndustryIndustry - the Industrial economy of - the Industrial economy of Bangladesh.Bangladesh.Aid and TradeAid and Trade - aid and trade of - aid and trade of BangladeshBangladesh
http://www.virtualbangladesh.com/economy/agr.htmlhttp://www.virtualbangladesh.com/economy/agr.htmlhttp://www.virtualbangladesh.com/economy/ind.htmlhttp://www.virtualbangladesh.com/economy/ind.htmlhttp://www.virtualbangladesh.com/economy/trade.htmlhttp://www.virtualbangladesh.com/economy/trade.htmlhttp://www.virtualbangladesh.com/economy/trade.htmlhttp://www.virtualbangladesh.com/economy/ind.htmlhttp://www.virtualbangladesh.com/economy/agr.html


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AGRICULTUREAGRICULTUREMost Bangladeshis earn their livings directly or indirectly from agriculture.Most Bangladeshis earn their livings directly or indirectly from agriculture.Rice and jute are the primary crops; wheat is assuming greaterRice and jute are the primary crops; wheat is assuming greaterimportance; and tea is grown in hilly regions of the northeast. Bangladesh'simportance; and tea is grown in hilly regions of the northeast. Bangladesh'sfertile soil and normally ample water supply yield three rice crops in manyfertile soil and normally ample water supply yield three rice crops in manyareas. Through better flood control and irrigation measures, more intensiveareas. Through better flood control and irrigation measures, more intensiveuse of fertilizers and high-yielding seed varieties, increased priceuse of fertilizers and high-yielding seed varieties, increased priceincentives, and improved distribution and rural credit networks,incentives, and improved distribution and rural credit networks,

Bangladesh's labor-intensive agricultural sector has achieved steadyBangladesh's labor-intensive agricultural sector has achieved steadyincreases in foodgrain production.increases in foodgrain production.Bangladesh Ministry of Agriculture:Bangladesh Ministry of Agriculture: Foodgrain production in 1992 wasFoodgrain production in 1992 wasabout 20 million metric tons, a 5% increase over the previous year. Rice isabout 20 million metric tons, a 5% increase over the previous year. Rice isBangladesh's principal crop, although yields per hectare are among theBangladesh's principal crop, although yields per hectare are among thelowest in Asia. While rice output rose 3.2% in 1992, much recent growth inlowest in Asia. While rice output rose 3.2% in 1992, much recent growth infoodgrain output can be attributed to the irrigated spring crop, which hasfoodgrain output can be attributed to the irrigated spring crop, which hasincreased steadily due to the greater availability of fertilizer and irrigationincreased steadily due to the greater availability of fertilizer and irrigation

equipment. Wheat production also is expected to rise from 900,000 toequipment. Wheat production also is expected to rise from 900,000 toabout 1 million metric tons in 1992. Jute, which historically has accountedabout 1 million metric tons in 1992. Jute, which historically has accountedfor the bulk of Bangladesh's export receipts, faces an uncertain future duefor the bulk of Bangladesh's export receipts, faces an uncertain future dueto competition from synthetic fiber substitutes. Fishing, especially forto competition from synthetic fiber substitutes. Fishing, especially forshrimp, has become an increasingly important source of export earnings.shrimp, has become an increasingly important source of export earnings.


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AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTSAGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS

RiceRice Jute Jute Tea TeaWheatWheat

SugarcaneSugarcanePotatoesPotatoes

Tobacco TobaccoPulsesPulsesOilseedsOilseedsSpicesSpicesFruitFruitBeef Beef MilkMilkPoultryPoultry


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Basic Information on Agriculture of Bangladesh

8.59 million acresIrrigation Area

174%Cropping Intensity (1996-97)

1.5 acresCultivated Area per Household

17.77 million acresCultivated Area

2.50% (0.3 million)Large Household

17.50% (2.08) million)Medium Household

80% (9.42 million)Small Household

6.40 millionNo. of Agril. Labor Household

11.80 millionNo. of Farm Household

6.03 millionNo. of non-Farm Household

17.83 millionNo. of Rural Household

5.0%Agricultural Growth rate (1998-99)

5.2%GDP Growth rate (1998-99)

755.73 billion Tk.GDP (1998-99)

128.1 millionTotal population (January 1999)

147570sq.kmArea of Bangladesh


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INDUSTRYINDUSTRYArea of Bangladesh147570sq.kmTotal populationArea of Bangladesh147570sq.kmTotal population(January 1999)128.1 million GDP (1998-99)755.73 billion(January 1999)128.1 million GDP (1998-99)755.73 billion

Tk.GDP Growth rate (1998-99)5.2%Agricultural Growth Tk.GDP Growth rate (1998-99)5.2%Agricultural Growth

rate (1998-99)5.0%No. of Rural Household17.83 millionrate (1998-99)5.0%No. of Rural Household17.83 millionNo. of non-Farm Household6.03 million No. of FarmNo. of non-Farm Household6.03 million No. of FarmHousehold11.80 million No. of Agril. LabourHousehold11.80 million No. of Agril. LabourHousehold6.40 million Small Household80% (9.42 million)Household6.40 million Small Household80% (9.42 million)Medium Household17.50% (2.08) million) LargeMedium Household17.50% (2.08) million) LargeHousehold2.50% (0.3 million) Cultivated Area17.77Household2.50% (0.3 million) Cultivated Area17.77million acres Cultivated Area per Household1.5 acresmillion acres Cultivated Area per Household1.5 acresCropping Intensity (1996-97)174%Irrigation Area8.59Cropping Intensity (1996-97)174%Irrigation Area8.59million acresmillion acres


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TYPES OF INDUSTRIES TYPES OF INDUSTRIES

cotton textilescotton textilesjute, garments jute, garmentstea processingtea processing

paper newsprint, cementpaper newsprint, cementchemical fertilizerchemical fertilizer

light engineeringlight engineeringsugarsugar


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GARMENT INDUSTRYGARMENT INDUSTRY

What is fueling Bangladesh's economy? The garment industry is massive -What is fueling Bangladesh's economy? The garment industry is massive -one of the most impressive in the world. This industry has been able toone of the most impressive in the world. This industry has been able tocreate extensive numbers of jobs for the population and particularly forcreate extensive numbers of jobs for the population and particularly forwomen. Large numbers of garments and knitwear are exported to thewomen. Large numbers of garments and knitwear are exported to theUnited States and Europe. Bangladesh is also the world's third biggest riceUnited States and Europe. Bangladesh is also the world's third biggest rice

producer. Much of the country's agricultural land is set aside for theproducer. Much of the country's agricultural land is set aside for thecultivation of rice and jute as well as some wheat. This agriculturalcultivation of rice and jute as well as some wheat. This agriculturaleconomy is, however,economy is, however, veryvery dependent on the monsoonal cycle where thedependent on the monsoonal cycle where thecountry experiences cyclic flooding and drought. Other exports in thecountry experiences cyclic flooding and drought. Other exports in thecountry include leather, ceramics, pharmaceuticals and shrimp. Bangladeshcountry include leather, ceramics, pharmaceuticals and shrimp. Bangladeshhas received over $30 billion in foreign aid since 1971. Unfortunately,has received over $30 billion in foreign aid since 1971. Unfortunately,poverty is still a huge problem in the country and social services are sadlypoverty is still a huge problem in the country and social services are sadlylacking.lacking.Encouraging foreign investment in Bangladesh has had significant success -Encouraging foreign investment in Bangladesh has had significant success -

particularly in the power generation, gas production, pharmaceutical,particularly in the power generation, gas production, pharmaceutical,textile and cellular telephony sectors. A Board of Investment was created intextile and cellular telephony sectors. A Board of Investment was created in1989. Its role was to make approval and start-up easier for foreign1989. Its role was to make approval and start-up easier for foreigninvestors in Bangladesh. Far more foreign investment still needs to beinvestors in Bangladesh. Far more foreign investment still needs to bemade in Bangladesh if the country's economy is to see even greatermade in Bangladesh if the country's economy is to see even greaterimprovements.improvements.With increased foreign investment and efforts to reduce povertyWith increased foreign investment and efforts to reduce povertyBangladesh's economy will go from strength to strength.Bangladesh's economy will go from strength to strength.


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AID AND TRADEAID AND TRADE

Since independence in 1971, Bangladesh has received more thanSince independence in 1971, Bangladesh has received more than$22 billion in grant aid and loan commitments from foreign$22 billion in grant aid and loan commitments from foreigndonors, about $15 billion of which has been disbursed. Majordonors, about $15 billion of which has been disbursed. Majordonors include the World Bank, the Asian Development Bank, thedonors include the World Bank, the Asian Development Bank, theUN Development Program, the United States, Japan, Saudi Arabia,UN Development Program, the United States, Japan, Saudi Arabia,and a number of West European countries. As of 1991, the Unitedand a number of West European countries. As of 1991, the UnitedStates had provided more than $3.3 billion in food andStates had provided more than $3.3 billion in food anddevelopment assistance. Food aid provides food, promotesdevelopment assistance. Food aid provides food, promotesproduction, and helps stabilize prices. Other US programs targetproduction, and helps stabilize prices. Other US programs targetfamily planning and health, agricultural development, and ruralfamily planning and health, agricultural development, and ruralunemployment. In 1991, the US forgave Bangladesh $293 millionunemployment. In 1991, the US forgave Bangladesh $293 millionof development assistance debt.of development assistance debt.

Bangladesh historically has run a large trade deficit, about $1.5Bangladesh historically has run a large trade deficit, about $1.5billion annually during the late 1980s. This was financed largelybillion annually during the late 1980s. This was financed largelythrough foreign assistance. The balance of payments swung intothrough foreign assistance. The balance of payments swung intosurplus in 1990-91 because of increased exports of garments andsurplus in 1990-91 because of increased exports of garments anddepressed domestic demand for imports. In recent years,depressed domestic demand for imports. In recent years,remittances from workers in the Middle East have beenremittances from workers in the Middle East have beenBangladesh's most important source of foreign exchangeBangladesh's most important source of foreign exchange

earnings. The US trade balance with Bangladesh has beenearnings. The US trade balance with Bangladesh has beennegative since 1986, due largely to imports of ready-madenegative since 1986, due largely to imports of ready-made


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EXPORTSEXPORTSLike many other third-world countries, Bangladesh relies quite heavily on exports toLike many other third-world countries, Bangladesh relies quite heavily on exports toprovide for the needs of its densely populated nation. The same products sold locallyprovide for the needs of its densely populated nation. The same products sold locallywill generally fetch a much lower price than they would on the international market.will generally fetch a much lower price than they would on the international market.

This means that it is far more profitable for the country to engage in exportation than This means that it is far more profitable for the country to engage in exportation thanit is to engage in local trade. While this may mean that a large percentage of theit is to engage in local trade. While this may mean that a large percentage of thecountries GDP is sent off abroad as Bangladesh exports instead of being enjoyed bycountries GDP is sent off abroad as Bangladesh exports instead of being enjoyed bythe countrys own people, it also allows for a steady influx of foreign currency.the countrys own people, it also allows for a steady influx of foreign currency.Currently Bangladeshs main export items are garments, jute and jute-related goods,Currently Bangladeshs main export items are garments, jute and jute-related goods,leather, frozen fish and seafood. Just three years ago the country made over $2 000leather, frozen fish and seafood. Just three years ago the country made over $2 000billion from export trade. The majority of the countrys trade is conducted with thebillion from export trade. The majority of the countrys trade is conducted with theUSA but a small portion of exports also sees its way to Germany, the UK, France andUSA but a small portion of exports also sees its way to Germany, the UK, France andItaly. However these figures should not mislead you into thinking that the country isItaly. However these figures should not mislead you into thinking that the country iswell-off. As one of the poorest and most densely populated countries in the world, thewell-off. As one of the poorest and most densely populated countries in the world, themajority of these profits will generally make their way into the pockets of a fewmajority of these profits will generally make their way into the pockets of a fewwealthy while the rest will be thinly spread out amongst those involved in thewealthy while the rest will be thinly spread out amongst those involved in theproduction of these goods. To add to this, the countrysproduction of these goods. To add to this, the countrys economyeconomy depends on andepends on anerratic monsoon cycle as well as drought and flooding which makes regularerratic monsoon cycle as well as drought and flooding which makes regularharvesting difficult.harvesting difficult.Besides theseBesides these Bangladesh exportsBangladesh exports , the country is also engaged in the production, the country is also engaged in the productionof rice, tea, sugar wheat, ship scrap metal, textiles, fertilizer, pharmaceuticals,of rice, tea, sugar wheat, ship scrap metal, textiles, fertilizer, pharmaceuticals,ceramic tableware and newsprint. Though yields can at times be quite high, theceramic tableware and newsprint. Though yields can at times be quite high, thecountry still faces widespread poverty and it is struggling to free itself from this.country still faces widespread poverty and it is struggling to free itself from this.Some progress has been made, but there are still many people living below theSome progress has been made, but there are still many people living below thebreadline in Bangladeshbreadline in Bangladesh
http://www.bangladesh.com/economy/http://www.bangladesh.com/economy/http://www.bangladesh.com/economy/


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EXPORTS COMMODITIESEXPORTS COMMODITIES

GarmentsGarments Jute Jute Jute goods Jute goods

LeatherLeather

Frozen fishFrozen fishSeafoodSeafood


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EXPORT PARTNERSEXPORT PARTNERS

US 27.6%US 27.6%Germany 10.4%Germany 10.4%UK 9.8%UK 9.8%France 5.7%France 5.7%

Italy 4%Italy 4%


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IMPORT COMMODITIESIMPORT COMMODITIES

machinery and equipmentmachinery and equipmentchemicalschemicals

iron and steeliron and steeltextilestextilesfoodstuffsfoodstuffs

petroleum productspetroleum productscementcement


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IMPORT PARTNERSIMPORT PARTNERS

India 14.6%India 14.6%China 11.6%China 11.6%Singapore 11.5%Singapore 11.5%

Japan 7.6% Japan 7.6%

Hong Kong 5.4%Hong Kong 5.4%South Korea 4.3%South Korea 4.3%


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